A dynamic experiment for oil dispersion into a water column was performed with a 21 m long, 0.5 m wide, and 1 m high wind-driven wave tank. At wind velocity between 6-12 m/s and with the oil slide kept constant (about...A dynamic experiment for oil dispersion into a water column was performed with a 21 m long, 0.5 m wide, and 1 m high wind-driven wave tank. At wind velocity between 6-12 m/s and with the oil slide kept constant (about 1 um), the rate of the oil content increase in the water column could be approximated from the difference between the dispersion rate (R) of the oil slick and the coagulation rate (R’) of the dispersed oil slick. Assuming the coagulation rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the water dispersed oil slick (i. e. R’ =KC),, the integral form of the dynamic model can be expressed as C=R*[1-exp(-K*t)]/K and parameters R and K can be regressed with a computer. The relative deviation of model results from the experimental data was mainly less than 10%. The oil slick dispersion rate (R) had exponential relationship with the wind velocity (V), and can be fitted with a formula R=A*(U+1)B.The fitted constant of the coagulation rate, K(0.8-3.0* 10-3 min-1) did not have significant展开更多
P CO 2 of air and seawater samples from the East China Sea (ECS) were measured in situ in autumn, 1994. Ocean currents, terrestrial fluviation, biological activities, etc.,P CO 2 characters in air and seawater were in...P CO 2 of air and seawater samples from the East China Sea (ECS) were measured in situ in autumn, 1994. Ocean currents, terrestrial fluviation, biological activities, etc.,P CO 2 characters in air and seawater were investigated. CO 2 flux and its character in the East China Sea are discussed on the basis of theP CO 2 profiles of air and seawater. It was clear that the nearshore was the source of CO 2; and that the outer sea area was the sink of CO 2; and that the shelf area of the ECS is a net sink for atmospheric CO 2 in autumn.展开更多
The method for determining P CO 2 in the atmosphere and water by using gas chromatography was studied. For determination of P CO 2 in the atmosphere, a sampling method was developed in which the chromatograph was conn...The method for determining P CO 2 in the atmosphere and water by using gas chromatography was studied. For determination of P CO 2 in the atmosphere, a sampling method was developed in which the chromatograph was connected to a 6 port valve with a sampling pipe opening to the atmosphere, so gas pressure in the sampling pipe was identical to that of the atmosphere. A semi automatic seawater atmosphere equilibrium system was designed to determine the P CO 2 in seawater. The equilibrium chamber contained in situ seawater and the well equilibrated gas was pushed into the sampling pipe by sample water, so pressure and temperature calibration could be avoided. This method has high accuracy for the determination of P CO 2 in the air and seawater, and was used for in situ determination of P CO 2 in the atmosphere and of the seawater sample in the JGOFS cruise in the East China Sea.展开更多
The complete analytical procedure using coulometric titration to determine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater consists of studying the setup of the coulometric titration, the solution composition of the coul...The complete analytical procedure using coulometric titration to determine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater consists of studying the setup of the coulometric titration, the solution composition of the coulometer cell. conrrectly judging the titration end-point, and establishing(and evaluating the accuracy of) the DIC determination system.展开更多
A simple diagnostic simulation of the annual cycling of the surface specific photosynthesis rate (SPR) in Jiaozhou Bay is described in this paper. Light intensity, temperature and nutrients (nitrate + ammonia, phospha...A simple diagnostic simulation of the annual cycling of the surface specific photosynthesis rate (SPR) in Jiaozhou Bay is described in this paper. Light intensity, temperature and nutrients (nitrate + ammonia, phosphate) were considered as main factors controlling photosynthesis of phytoplankton and were introduced into the model by different function equations. The simulated variation of specific photosynthesis rate coincided with the measured data. Analysis of the effect of every factor on photosynthesis indicated that the variation of photosynthesis rate was controlled by all these three factors, while temperature showed good correlation with SPR as measurement showed. This diagnostic simulation yielded the values of some parameter relating with the photosynthesis in Jiaozhou Bay.展开更多
文摘A dynamic experiment for oil dispersion into a water column was performed with a 21 m long, 0.5 m wide, and 1 m high wind-driven wave tank. At wind velocity between 6-12 m/s and with the oil slide kept constant (about 1 um), the rate of the oil content increase in the water column could be approximated from the difference between the dispersion rate (R) of the oil slick and the coagulation rate (R’) of the dispersed oil slick. Assuming the coagulation rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the water dispersed oil slick (i. e. R’ =KC),, the integral form of the dynamic model can be expressed as C=R*[1-exp(-K*t)]/K and parameters R and K can be regressed with a computer. The relative deviation of model results from the experimental data was mainly less than 10%. The oil slick dispersion rate (R) had exponential relationship with the wind velocity (V), and can be fitted with a formula R=A*(U+1)B.The fitted constant of the coagulation rate, K(0.8-3.0* 10-3 min-1) did not have significant
文摘P CO 2 of air and seawater samples from the East China Sea (ECS) were measured in situ in autumn, 1994. Ocean currents, terrestrial fluviation, biological activities, etc.,P CO 2 characters in air and seawater were investigated. CO 2 flux and its character in the East China Sea are discussed on the basis of theP CO 2 profiles of air and seawater. It was clear that the nearshore was the source of CO 2; and that the outer sea area was the sink of CO 2; and that the shelf area of the ECS is a net sink for atmospheric CO 2 in autumn.
文摘The method for determining P CO 2 in the atmosphere and water by using gas chromatography was studied. For determination of P CO 2 in the atmosphere, a sampling method was developed in which the chromatograph was connected to a 6 port valve with a sampling pipe opening to the atmosphere, so gas pressure in the sampling pipe was identical to that of the atmosphere. A semi automatic seawater atmosphere equilibrium system was designed to determine the P CO 2 in seawater. The equilibrium chamber contained in situ seawater and the well equilibrated gas was pushed into the sampling pipe by sample water, so pressure and temperature calibration could be avoided. This method has high accuracy for the determination of P CO 2 in the air and seawater, and was used for in situ determination of P CO 2 in the atmosphere and of the seawater sample in the JGOFS cruise in the East China Sea.
文摘The complete analytical procedure using coulometric titration to determine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater consists of studying the setup of the coulometric titration, the solution composition of the coulometer cell. conrrectly judging the titration end-point, and establishing(and evaluating the accuracy of) the DIC determination system.
文摘A simple diagnostic simulation of the annual cycling of the surface specific photosynthesis rate (SPR) in Jiaozhou Bay is described in this paper. Light intensity, temperature and nutrients (nitrate + ammonia, phosphate) were considered as main factors controlling photosynthesis of phytoplankton and were introduced into the model by different function equations. The simulated variation of specific photosynthesis rate coincided with the measured data. Analysis of the effect of every factor on photosynthesis indicated that the variation of photosynthesis rate was controlled by all these three factors, while temperature showed good correlation with SPR as measurement showed. This diagnostic simulation yielded the values of some parameter relating with the photosynthesis in Jiaozhou Bay.
