中性束注入系统加速极电源高压部件设计

基于负离子的中性束注入是未来大型托卡马克装置不可或缺的辅助加热方式。中性束系统中的加速极电源需要输出-200 kV电压和5 MW的功率,还经常面临负载短路和断路的特殊工况。过去对加速极电源的研究中缺少高压部分的方案设计,而电源中高压部件的绝缘设计是电源研制过程中必不可少的关键环节。据电源指标和特殊工况的特点,计算了电源高压部分的隔离升压变压器、高压整流器和高压滤波器的电路参数,并对这些部件基于油浸式绝缘进行了工程设计,通过有限元仿真分析进行了绝缘验证。仿真结果表明,这些部件中的电场强度最高为16.22 kV/mm,小于变压器油击穿场强并具有2倍的绝缘裕度。设计的高压部件结构可以满足电源的绝缘要求。

高压保护开关缓冲电路参数优化设计

目前的高压保护开关缓冲电路参数设计缺乏相关理论设计方法,同时缓冲电路方案由于设计过程中并未考虑分布电容影响,因此均为等参数设计方案,这种方法均压效果不够理想。为了解决目前参数设计中存在的问题,首先建立了含缓冲电路和杂散电感的MOSFET模型并对其关断过程进行了分析,从而得到了抑制电压尖峰的缓冲电路理论设计方法及表达式。针对串联均压未考虑分布电容的问题,通过构造等电位点,建立了含有分布电容的等效电路并进行分析,根据电荷方程等式得到了缓冲电路非等参数设计方法及表达式,该参数设计方法可以补偿分布电容造成的电压分布不均,并更好地指导高压保护开关的均压方案设计。为了验证参数设计的合理性进行了仿真分析,结果表明,最终得到的整体设计方案可以满足尖峰抑制以及均压的设计要求。

DC active power filter based on model predictive control for DC bus overvoltage suppression of accelerator grid power supply

The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor plans to build a 200 k V/25 A acceleration grid power supply(AGPS)for the negative-ion-based neutral beam injector prototype system.The AGPS uses a rectifier-inverter-isolated step-up structure.There is a DC bus between the rectifier and the inverter.In order to limit DC bus voltage ripple and transient fluctuations,a large number of capacitors are used,which degrades the reliability of the power supply and occupies a large amount of space.This work finds that due to the difference in the turn-off time of the rectifier and the inverter,the capacitance mainly depends on the rectifier current when the inverter is turned off.On this basis,an active power filter(APF)scheme is proposed to absorb the current.To enhance the dynamic response ability of the APF,model predictive control is adopted.In this paper,the circuit structure of the APF is introduced,the prediction model is deduced,the corresponding control strategy and signal detection method are proposed,and the simulation and experimental results show that APF can track the transient current of the DC bus and reduce the voltage fluctuation significantly.

基于负离子的中性束注入器加速极逆变型高压电源控制策略

ITER中性束注入器加速极需要一套逆变型直流高压电源系统。该电源采用三相三电平(TPTL)直流变换器作为基本单元,通过占空比控制实现对输出电压的快速调节。针对三相三电平直流变换器在小占空比模式下输出电压纹波大的缺点,提出了一种全新的控制策略。该策略通过协调直流母线电压的大小和逆变器占空比的变化对输出电压进行调节。为了验证新的控制策略的性能,搭建了200kV/60A的MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型和400V/6A的原理样机。仿真结果和样机实验结果表明,新的控制策略可以实现逆变型高压电源在输出电压快速可调的情况下降低输出电压纹波。

基于PXI技术的高压电源控制系统的研制和测试

介绍了J-TEXT装置上将用于辅助加热研究的一套100kV/60A高压电源。这套高压电源基于PSM技术设计,由144个开关电源模块构成。为了满足隔离、控制和保护的要求,采用PXI和FPGA技术设计了符合CODAC规范的PSM电源控制系统,并提出改进的PSM控制策略实现对高压电源的控制。为验证控制系统的性能,在由8个模块组成的高压电源模型样机上对控制系统进行了测试,测试结果表明,系统各项性能良好,可以满足100kV/60A高压电源的控制要求。

Design and control of the accelerator grid power supply-conversion system applied to CFETR N-NBI prototype

The acceleration grid power supply(AGPS)rated 200 kV/25 A is a key component devoted to supply the acceleration grids of the China fusion engineering test reactor negative-ion-based neutral beam injector(N-NBI)prototype system.This paper focused on the design and control of the AGPS conversion system(AGPS-CS),with emphasis on the requirement of the wide range output voltage and rise time.A voltage regulation switch at the front of step-down transformer is applied to optimize the grid current and DC-link voltage.Moreover,a new feedforward control strategy with piecewise PI compensator is proposed to improve the characteristics of AGPS.The simulation results of the proposed AGPS-CS are presented,proving the performance of the power supply to achieve the desired requirements.

Recent progress of the ECRH system and initial experimental results on the J-TEXT tokamak

In order to broaden the range of the plasma parameters and provide experimental conditions for physical research into high-performance plasma,the development of the electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) system for the J-TEXT tokamak was initiated in 2017.For the first stage,the ECRH system operated successfully with one 105 GHz/500 kW/1 s gyrotron in 2019.More than 400 kW electron cyclotron(EC) wave power has been injected into the plasma successfully,raising the core electron temperature to 1.5 keV.In 2022,another 105 GHz/500 kW/1 s gyrotron completed commissioning tests which signifies that the ECRH system could generate an EC wave power of 1 MW in total.Under the support of the ECRH system,various physical experiments have been carried out on J-TEXT.The electron thermal transport in ECRH plasmas has been investigated.When ECRH is turned on,the electron thermal diffusivity significantly increases.The runaway current is elevated when a disruption occurs during ECRH heating.When the injected EC wave power is 400 kW,the conversion efficiency of runaway current increases from 35% to 75%.Fast electron behavior is observed in electron cyclotron current drive(ECCD) plasma by the fast electron bremsstrahlung diagnostic(FEB).The increase in the FEB intensity implies that ECCD could generate fast electrons.A successful startup with a 200 kW ECW is achieved.With the upgrade of the ECRH system,the J-TEXT operational range could be expanded and further relevant research could be conducted.

一种优化动态特性SiC-MOSFET模型及其在高压固态开关的应用

为设计一款保护J-TEXT托卡马克电子回旋管的高压固态开关,新型宽禁带半导体SiC-MOSFET凭借低开关损耗、高耐压和MHz级别的开关频率等优良电气特性,在其中承担核心作用。但是极快的开关速度加剧了开关振荡,导致器件直串时的关断波形质量下降,对均压和抑制过压方法提出更高要求,因此亟需建立精准的模型为SiC-MOSFET在高压保护开关中的应用提供指导。在分析制造商CREE商用模型基础上,提出了一种优化动态特性SiC-MOSFET模型。该优化模型综合考虑栅源电压和漏源电压的影响,对非线性结电容采用多种函数拟合建模,并对杂散阻抗等关键寄生参数进行修正。通过仿真和300 V/3 A双脉冲测试,证明该模型在漏源电压变化率、漏源电流变化率、振荡频率和关断尖峰电压等方面具有更高的准确性。应用该优化模型设计高压固态开关的均压与过压抑制拓扑,在1400 V/700 A条件下对开关模块进行双脉冲测试。在关断时长和尖峰电压等关键指标上,仿真波形与实验波形高度吻合,实测开通关断时间均小于120 ns,指标满足开关模块设计要求,优化模型的实用性得到体现。

Fusion power supply advances by the J-TEXT engineering team

To meet the stringent requirements of the fusion power supply for large-scale fusion devices,the J-TEXT engineering team has carried out key technology research and applications in several important directions of fusion power supply.This article presents the advances made by the J-TEXT engineering team in recent years in the following areas:(1) a high-voltage power supply for an auxiliary heating system;(2) a breakdown protection device for an auxiliary heating power supply;(3) magnetic field compatibility;(4) a high-voltage pulsed power supply for a fieldreversed configuration;(5) a large physics experimental facility control system.The research backgrounds,technical progress,test results,applications,summaries and prospects are described in detail in each part.These innovative research results and valuable engineering experience can promote the progress of fusion power supply technology,and also lay a foundation for the development of power supplies with higher parameters in the future.

Fault diagnosis algorithm for 3-phase passive rectifiers based on frequency-domain analysis for acceleration grid power supply in CFETR NBI system

The acceleration grid power supply(AGPS) is a crucial part of the Negative-ion Neutral Beam Injection system in the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor,which includes a 3-phase passive(diode) rectifier.To diagnose and localize faults in the rectifier,this paper proposes a frequencydomain analysis-based fault diagnosis algorithm for the rectifier in AGPS.First,time-domain expressions and spectral characteristics of the output voltage of the TPTL-NPC inverter-based power supply are analyzed.Then,frequency-domain analysis-based fault diagnosis and frequency-domain analysis-based sub-fault diagnosis algorithms are proposed to diagnose open circuit(OC) faults of diode(s),which benefit from the analysis of harmonics magnitude and phase-angle of the output voltage.Only a fundamental period is needed to diagnose and localize exact faults,and a strong Variable-duration Fault Detection Method is proposed to identify acceptable ripple from OC faults.Detailed simulations and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness,quickness,and robustness of the proposed algorithms,and the diagnosis algorithms proposed in this article provide a significant method for the fault diagnosis of other rectifiers and converters.

一种新型磁涡流节能供热装置研制

风能储量大、分布区域广,是一种开发利用潜力巨大的可再生清洁能源。作者提出将风能直接就地转化成热能为建筑物供暖,聚焦提高风力磁涡流致热和换热效率研究。采用海尔贝克阵列磁极排列建立单边磁场,增大定子涡流,较表贴式磁极结构的致热功率提升28.27%;采用昆虫翅脉结构仿生流道设计发热体,增大换热面积,较传统螺旋形流道换热效率提高18.7%。在致热和换热设计性能仿真基础上,采用SolidWorks完成风力磁涡流制热装置的机械设计,并制作了一台5kW原理样机,开展整机台架致热效果试验,结果表明平均致热效率可达55.82%。提出的新型磁涡流节能供热装置,可实现海岛、农村和边疆等电网难以达到地区建筑物绿色供暖,有着广阔的应用前景。