【目的】对华南甘蔗种植区大气氮素湿沉降量进行估算,以期为区域氮素沉降及其生态环境效应评估提供数据支撑。【方法】在广西南宁市赤红壤甘蔗种植区,采用雨量计连续8年(2008年1月至2015年12月)采集降雨水样,测定其硝态氮、铵态氮和全...【目的】对华南甘蔗种植区大气氮素湿沉降量进行估算,以期为区域氮素沉降及其生态环境效应评估提供数据支撑。【方法】在广西南宁市赤红壤甘蔗种植区,采用雨量计连续8年(2008年1月至2015年12月)采集降雨水样,测定其硝态氮、铵态氮和全氮含量,研究该地区大气湿沉降浓度及沉降量的月、季和年度变化。【结果】雨水中NO3^--N、NH4^+-N、DIN和TN浓度各月的差异较大,分别为0.08~3.80、0.04~3.25、0.12~5.52和0.20~6.65 mg N L^-1,月均浓度分别为0.73、0.67、1.40和1.89 mg N L^-1,呈春季>冬季>夏季>秋季;NO3^--N、NH4^+-N、DIN和TN沉降年平均浓度分别为0.53、0.51、1.04和1.45 mg N L^-1。雨水中NO3^--N、NH4^+-N、DIN和TN浓度与降雨量呈极显著负相关,沉降量与月降雨量、月降雨频次呈显著正相关,且受降雨量的影响大于降雨频次的影响;不同形态氮沉降量呈夏季>秋季>春季>冬季。NO3^--N、NH4^+-N、DIN和TN年均沉降量分别为6.55、6.32、12.86和17.95 kg N hm^-2,TN远超过陆地生态系统的临界负荷。DIN是大气氮素湿沉降的主体,占氮素总沉降的72.50%,DIN中NO3^--N和NH4^+-N分别为TN比例的36.87%和35.63%,两者的沉降量比例无明显差异。NH4^+-N沉降量占TN沉降量比例呈逐年下降趋势,NO3^--N沉降量占TN沉降量比例有逐年升高的趋势。【结论】华南甘蔗种植区大气氮素湿沉降量与氮沉降浓度呈现明显季节性差异,两者间呈相反趋势;雨水中各形态氮浓度与降雨量呈极显著负相关;月氮沉降量与月降雨量、月降雨频次呈显著正相关;无机氮是大气氮素湿沉降的主体,铵态氮和硝态氮沉降量占全氮沉降量比例分别呈逐年下降和升高的趋势。该区域大气氮素湿沉降高,年均沉降17.95 kg N hm^-2,超过陆地生态系统的临界负荷,对生态环境有一定潜在的风险。展开更多
The change rules of the fertility of red soil paddy under the long-term different fertilization were investigated, and the reasonable fertilization mode to improve the fertility of red soil paddy was discussed. There ...The change rules of the fertility of red soil paddy under the long-term different fertilization were investigated, and the reasonable fertilization mode to improve the fertility of red soil paddy was discussed. There were eight treatments in the experiment, which were CK （no fertilizer）, N1 （N of 60 kg/hm2）, N2 （N of 120 kg/hm2）, N1P1 （P2O5 of 30 kg/hm2）, N2P1 and N2P2 （P2O5 of 60 kg/hm2）, N2P2K1 （K2O of 45 kg/hm2） and N2P2K2 （K2O of 90 kg/hm2）. All treatments were applied with composted cow dung as the base fertilizer, and each season 50% of the straws were returned to the field. The content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in red soil paddy was observed continuously for ten years and their correlation was also analyzed. Under cow manure and straw return to field, organic matter content of different treatments was positively correlated to year. After ten years, organic matter content of surface soil rose by 2.5 g/kg averagely with an annual increase of 0.25 g/kg. Total nitrogen content and organic matter content of different treatments presented similar variation trend. Total nitrogen content rose by 0.35 g/kg averagely with an annual increase of 0.035 g/kg. Among all the treatments, N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 showed the biggest increase, which went up by 0.052 and 0.48 g/kg, respectively. Phosphorous-free treatments （CK, N1, N2） had steady phosphorous content with irregular changes of different years. Total phosphorous content of phosphorous treatments increased year by year. Total phosphorous content of N1P1 and N2P1 rose by 0.008 g/kg every year. The increment range of total phosphorous content of N2P2, N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 was 0.012 -0.013 g/kg annually. Available phosphorous content varied vastly among different treatments. Available phosphorous content of organic fertilizer treatments basically remained stable with irregular changes of different years. Available phosphorous content of organic fertilizer with phosphate fertilizer treatments rose year by year. Available phosphorous content of N1P1 and N2P1 rose approximately by 0.8 mg/kg. Available phosphorous content of N2P2, N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 rose approximately by 1.4 -1.6 mg/kg annually. Potassium fertilizer amount greatly affected total potassium content. Total potassium content of no-potassium treatments （CK, N1, N2, N1P1, N2P1 and N2P2） remained the same. Total potassium content of N2P2K markedly increased year by year, which was 0.014 g/kg annually. Rapid available potassium content of no-potassium treatments （CK, N1, N2, N1P1, N2P1 and N2P2） showed a decreasing trend. With phosphate fertilizer, rapid available potassium content of N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 remained the same or increased year by year. The change trend of slow available potassium content and rapid available potassium content resembled. Rational allocation of organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer can significantly improve soil fertility and economic benefits. Balanced fertilization is an effective measure for soil fertility improvement as it＇s shown that nutrients of surface soil accumulate annually.展开更多
文摘【目的】对华南甘蔗种植区大气氮素湿沉降量进行估算,以期为区域氮素沉降及其生态环境效应评估提供数据支撑。【方法】在广西南宁市赤红壤甘蔗种植区,采用雨量计连续8年(2008年1月至2015年12月)采集降雨水样,测定其硝态氮、铵态氮和全氮含量,研究该地区大气湿沉降浓度及沉降量的月、季和年度变化。【结果】雨水中NO3^--N、NH4^+-N、DIN和TN浓度各月的差异较大,分别为0.08~3.80、0.04~3.25、0.12~5.52和0.20~6.65 mg N L^-1,月均浓度分别为0.73、0.67、1.40和1.89 mg N L^-1,呈春季>冬季>夏季>秋季;NO3^--N、NH4^+-N、DIN和TN沉降年平均浓度分别为0.53、0.51、1.04和1.45 mg N L^-1。雨水中NO3^--N、NH4^+-N、DIN和TN浓度与降雨量呈极显著负相关,沉降量与月降雨量、月降雨频次呈显著正相关,且受降雨量的影响大于降雨频次的影响;不同形态氮沉降量呈夏季>秋季>春季>冬季。NO3^--N、NH4^+-N、DIN和TN年均沉降量分别为6.55、6.32、12.86和17.95 kg N hm^-2,TN远超过陆地生态系统的临界负荷。DIN是大气氮素湿沉降的主体,占氮素总沉降的72.50%,DIN中NO3^--N和NH4^+-N分别为TN比例的36.87%和35.63%,两者的沉降量比例无明显差异。NH4^+-N沉降量占TN沉降量比例呈逐年下降趋势,NO3^--N沉降量占TN沉降量比例有逐年升高的趋势。【结论】华南甘蔗种植区大气氮素湿沉降量与氮沉降浓度呈现明显季节性差异,两者间呈相反趋势;雨水中各形态氮浓度与降雨量呈极显著负相关;月氮沉降量与月降雨量、月降雨频次呈显著正相关;无机氮是大气氮素湿沉降的主体,铵态氮和硝态氮沉降量占全氮沉降量比例分别呈逐年下降和升高的趋势。该区域大气氮素湿沉降高,年均沉降17.95 kg N hm^-2,超过陆地生态系统的临界负荷,对生态环境有一定潜在的风险。
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guagnxi(2015GXNSFBA139098)the Special Fund for Science and Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture of China(201203030-07-02)+1 种基金the Fund Program of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2015YT30,2014JZ18,2013YF06)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Qingxiu District,Nanjing(2012N15)~~
文摘The change rules of the fertility of red soil paddy under the long-term different fertilization were investigated, and the reasonable fertilization mode to improve the fertility of red soil paddy was discussed. There were eight treatments in the experiment, which were CK （no fertilizer）, N1 （N of 60 kg/hm2）, N2 （N of 120 kg/hm2）, N1P1 （P2O5 of 30 kg/hm2）, N2P1 and N2P2 （P2O5 of 60 kg/hm2）, N2P2K1 （K2O of 45 kg/hm2） and N2P2K2 （K2O of 90 kg/hm2）. All treatments were applied with composted cow dung as the base fertilizer, and each season 50% of the straws were returned to the field. The content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in red soil paddy was observed continuously for ten years and their correlation was also analyzed. Under cow manure and straw return to field, organic matter content of different treatments was positively correlated to year. After ten years, organic matter content of surface soil rose by 2.5 g/kg averagely with an annual increase of 0.25 g/kg. Total nitrogen content and organic matter content of different treatments presented similar variation trend. Total nitrogen content rose by 0.35 g/kg averagely with an annual increase of 0.035 g/kg. Among all the treatments, N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 showed the biggest increase, which went up by 0.052 and 0.48 g/kg, respectively. Phosphorous-free treatments （CK, N1, N2） had steady phosphorous content with irregular changes of different years. Total phosphorous content of phosphorous treatments increased year by year. Total phosphorous content of N1P1 and N2P1 rose by 0.008 g/kg every year. The increment range of total phosphorous content of N2P2, N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 was 0.012 -0.013 g/kg annually. Available phosphorous content varied vastly among different treatments. Available phosphorous content of organic fertilizer treatments basically remained stable with irregular changes of different years. Available phosphorous content of organic fertilizer with phosphate fertilizer treatments rose year by year. Available phosphorous content of N1P1 and N2P1 rose approximately by 0.8 mg/kg. Available phosphorous content of N2P2, N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 rose approximately by 1.4 -1.6 mg/kg annually. Potassium fertilizer amount greatly affected total potassium content. Total potassium content of no-potassium treatments （CK, N1, N2, N1P1, N2P1 and N2P2） remained the same. Total potassium content of N2P2K markedly increased year by year, which was 0.014 g/kg annually. Rapid available potassium content of no-potassium treatments （CK, N1, N2, N1P1, N2P1 and N2P2） showed a decreasing trend. With phosphate fertilizer, rapid available potassium content of N2P2K1 and N2P2K2 remained the same or increased year by year. The change trend of slow available potassium content and rapid available potassium content resembled. Rational allocation of organic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer can significantly improve soil fertility and economic benefits. Balanced fertilization is an effective measure for soil fertility improvement as it＇s shown that nutrients of surface soil accumulate annually.
