江西花生低产原因分析及高产栽培技术对策

花生是江西省主要经济作物和油料作物,但花生种子混杂退化,出苗不全,不合理的耕作制度,施肥不当,播种过稀以及红壤旱地土壤板结是导致江西花生历年低产的原因。分析了花生低产的原因并提出了高产栽培措施。

杂交水稻亲本产量相关性状的配合力分析

[目的]分析杂交水稻亲本产量相关性状的配合力。[方法]以5个三系不育系和5个恢复系采用不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)设计,对产量相关性状进行了配合力分析。[结果]F_1产量相关性状的遗传同时受加性效应和非加性效应控制;在单株产量上,不育系一般配合力由大到小依次为301A、421A、606A、五丰A、贡A,恢复系一般配合力由大到小依次为R208、R615、玉桂、华占、R319;狭义遗传力的由大到小依次为千粒重、穗颈长、穗长、穗总粒数、穗实粒数、剑叶长、单株有效穗、株高、结实率、播始历期。[结论]该研究为亲本材料的合理利用提供理论依据。

Research of an Appropriate Sowing Quantity of Double-cropping Machine-transplanted Rice in Low and Medium Yielding District of Southern Jiangxi Province

[Objective] The aim was to research the appropriate seeding quantities of double-season machine-transplanted rice in middle and low-yielding district of southern Jiangxi Province. [Method] The research set five different seeding quantities treatments, and compared with conventional seedling treatment, and the appropriate seeding quantities of double season machine-transplanted rice in middle and lowyielding district of southern Jiangxi Province was discussed. [Result] The yields were highest when the seeding quantity was 70 g per tray of early rice by mechanical transplanting and 60 g per tray of late rice. The yield of early rice by mechanical transplanting showed significantly positive correlation with the number of productive ear and the number of seed per ear, and late rice yield showed significant correlation with the number of productive ear by mechanical transplanting. It is key for improving high yields by guaranteeing the number of productive ear. [Conclusion] The issue of proper sowing quantity should be taken into consideration for double-cropping rice in the region, which is crucial for high yields.

抛栽密度对赣南中低产田区双季晚稻产量的影响

[目的]研究赣南中低产田区双季晚稻适宜抛栽密度。[方法]对晚稻品种欣荣优2660和五优308设置4种不同抛栽密度,研究抛栽密度对其产量、茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、剑叶SPAD值及干物质生产的影响。[结果]2个品种的产量随密度增加而增加,抛栽密度34.5万蔸/hm2处理与抛栽密度21.0万蔸/hm2处理相比,欣荣优2660增产5.89%,五优308增产2.3%;有效穗数随抛栽密度增加而明显增加;较高抛栽密度有利于孕穗后叶面积指数和剑叶SPAD值维持较高水平,从而增强了光合能力,增加了干物质累积量。[结论]赣南中低产田区双季晚稻适宜抛栽密度为34.5万蔸/hm^2。

赣南中低产田区双季稻机插的适宜播种量研究

[目的]研究赣南中低产田区双季稻机插的适宜播种量。[方法]早晚稻各设置5个不同播种量处理,并以常规抛秧处理为对照,探讨赣南中低产区双季稻机插的适宜播种量。[结果]该区机插早稻播种量70 g/盘(360盘/hm2)、晚稻播种量60 g/盘(360盘/hm2)时产量最高。机插早稻产量与有效穗数和穗粒数显著正相关,机插晚稻与有效穗数显著正相关,保证足够的有效穗数是提高该区机插稻产量的重要措施。[结论]该区双季稻机插存在适宜播种量,且产量较高。