A Robust Approach for Detection and Classification of KOA Based on BILSTM Network

A considerable portion of the population now experiences osteoarthritis of the knee,spine,and hip due to lifestyle changes.Therefore,early treatment,recognition and prevention are essential to reduce damage;nevertheless,this time-consuming activity necessitates a variety of tests and in-depth analysis by physicians.To overcome the existing challenges in the early detection of Knee Osteoarthritis(KOA),an effective automated technique,prompt recognition,and correct categorization are required.This work suggests a method based on an improved deep learning algorithm that makes use of data from the knee images after segmentation to detect KOA and its severity using the Kellgren-Lawrence(KL) classification schemes,such as Class-I,Class-II,Class-III,and Class-IV.Utilizing ResNet to segregate knee pictures,we first collected features from these images before using the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)architecture to classify them.Given that the technique is a pre-trained network and doesn’t require a large training set,the Mendeley VI dataset has been utilized for the training of the proposed model.To evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested model,cross-validation has also been employed using the Osteoarthritis Initiative(OAI)dataset.Furthermore,our suggested technique is more resilient,which overcomes the challenge of imbalanced training data due to the hybrid architecture of our proposed model.The suggested algorithm is a cuttingedge and successful method for documenting the successful application of the timely identification and severity categorization of KOA.The algorithm showed a cross-validation accuracy of 78.57%and a testing accuracy of 84.09%.Numerous tests have been conducted to show that our suggested algorithm is more reliable and capable than the state-of-the-art at identifying and categorizing KOA disease.

Reflection of thermoelastic wave on the interface of isotropic half-space and tetragonal syngony anisotropic medium of classes 4, 4/m with thermomechanical effect

The thermoelastic wave propagation in a tetragonal syngony anisotropic medium of classes 4, 4/m having heterogeneity along z axis has been investigated by employing matrizant method. This medium has an axis of second-order symmetry parallel to z axis. In the case of the fourth-order matrix coefficients, the problems of wave refraction and reflection on the interface of homogeneous anisotropic thermoelastic mediums are solved analytically.

Dependence of effective screening length in granular columns on bead and silo sizes and their ratio

Apparent mass measurements at the bottom of silos have been carried out. An important parameter in the Janssen model known as the effective screening length has been investigated for different bead and silo diameters as well as of their ratios. It is found that the effective screening length augments with the grain diameter d in addition to the granular column size. It is also revealed that λ exhibits stronger correlation with the bead diameter than that of the silo. This phenomenon is attributed to the reduced-shielding of the vertical stresses to the horizontal ones.

Anomalous Increase of Apparent Mass in a Silo due to Percolation

The apparent mass at the bottom of a granular pile confined in a vertical tube decreases for denser granular packing.We report that the denser granular packing comprising two different diameters of granules augments the apparent mass instead.This anomalous behavior occurs when small granules are stacked on the large ones.In the case of anomalous increase,a percolation effect is found and correlated with the augment of apparent mass at the bottom of the granular column.Finally,the results are qualitatively explained by using the Janssen model.

Higher Concentrations and Ecological Risks of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants in Macrobrachium lamarrei from the Streams of Sialkot, Pakistan

Persistent organic pollutants （POPs） persisting in the environment, which accumulate in human and animal tissue and bio-magnify in food-chains, would have significant impacts on human health and the environment. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the accumulation of organic pollutants in prawn from streams of Sialkot, Pakistan. Fresh water prawn Macrobrachium lamarrei was captured from streams of study area. Samples were prepared for extraction of selected organic pollutants and then analyzed through gas chromatograph-electron capture detector （GC-ECD）. Results of current study showed that five pesticide residues, i.e., B-HCH, Lindane, DDD, 2, 4-DDT and 4, 4-DDT were detected in composite prawn sample. The rest of POPs residues were not found in prawn. The ratio of a-HCH/γ-HCH indicated an input of technical HCH and long range transport, while the ratio of DDT/（DDD ＋ DDE） showed recent use of DDT to the study area. The high values of TEC-HQ and PEC-HQ of POPs in the studied prawn samples depicted risk posed to health.

Geotechnical forensic investigation of a slope failure on silty clay soil--A case study

Qila Bala Hisar is one of the noteworthy places of Peshawar,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.The fort was constructed on a flled ground during the 18th century and it was renovated several times by the occupants ever since.Recently,due to an earthquake of magnitude 7.3,the upper part of the south-western wall of the fort collapsed.The collapse of the wall was attributed to the failure of the retained slope.This research was undertaken to characterize the slope material,study causal factors of failure and evaluate remedial strategy.The investigation involved conventional field and laboratory testing and geophysical investigation using electrical resistivity technique to evaluate the nature of stratum.Also,X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study the slope material at a molecular level to evaluate the existence of swelling potential.The analysis has shown that excessive seepage of water caused by the poor maintenance of runoff and sewage drains is the causal factor triggered by the seismic event.A remedial strategy involving soil nails,micro piles and improvement of the surface drainage is recommended.

Nicotine induced hepatotoxicity and its prevention with date palm pit powder

Cigarette smoking is common in societies worldwide and has been identifi ed as injurious to human health. Nicotine is the most abundant component in the cigarette smoke. It is fi rst metabolized in the liver. The natural diet contains a variety of compounds, such as date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.). It exhibits protective effect against different toxins. The aims of present study were to investigate the damaging effects of nicotine on the liver and the preventive role of date palm against such damage. Date palm pit powder was used to study its protective effect on nicotine induced hepatotoxicity. Three groups of adult male albino mice were used, each containing eight animals. Group A served as a control; Group B was used as an experimental group treated with nicotine(0.3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for forty-fi ve days; Group C received nicotine(0.3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally along with date palm pit powder(500 mg/kg) orally for forty-five days. Histopathological examination revealed that the general architecture was damaged with increase in size of hepatocytes, central vein and number of fat vacuoles and periportal infiltration of lymphocytes. The nicotine treated mice showed decreased level of cytoplasmic vacuolization, necrosis and infl ammation. Date palm pit powder administration to nicotine-treated mice showed reversion of the damaged feature to nearly normal. These results along with previous study suggest that date palm pit powder is useful in combating nicotine induced hepatotoxicity.

The hybrid MPC-MINLP algorithm for optimal operation of coal-fired power plants with solvent based post-combustion CO_(2) capture

This paper presents an algorithm that combines model predictive control(MPC)with MINLP optimization and demonstrates its application for coal-fired power plants retrofitted with solvent based post-combustion CO_(2) capture(PCC)plant.The objective function of the optimization algorithm works at a primary level to maximize plant economic revenue while considering an optimal carbon capture profile.At a secondary level,the MPC algorithm is used to control the performance of the PCC plant.Two techno-economic scenarios based on fixed(capture rate is constant)and flexible(capture rate is variable)operation modes are developed using actual electricity prices(2011)with fixed carbon prices($AUD 5,25,50/tonne-CO_(2))for 24 h periods.Results show that fixed operation mode can bring about a ratio of net operating revenue deficit at an average of 6%against the superior flexible operation mode.