An Original Didactic of the Standard Model “The Particle’s Geometric Model” (Nucleons and K-Mesons)

This paper shows a didactic model (PGM), and not only, but representative of the Hadrons described in the Standard Model (SM). In this model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes of coupled quantum oscillators (IQuO). By the properties of IQuO one can define the electric charge and that of color of quarks. Showing the “aurea” (golden) triangular shape of all quarks, we manage to represent the geometric combinations of the nucleons, light mesons, and K-mesons. By the geometric shape of W-bosons, we represent the weak decay of pions and charged Kaons and neutral, highlighting in geometric terms the possibilities of decay in two and three pions of neutral Kaon and the transition to anti-Kaon. In conclusion, from this didactic representation, an in-depth and exhaustive phenomenology of hadrons emerges, which even manages to resolve some problematic aspects of the SM.

An Original Didactic about Standard Model (Geometric Model of Particle: The Quarks)

This work shows a didactic model representative of the quarks described in the Standard Model (SM). In the model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes of coupled quantum oscillators (GMP). From these didactic hypotheses emerges an in-depth phenomenology of particles (quarks) fully compatible with that of SM, showing, besides, that the number of possible quarks is six.

An Original Didactic about Standard Model: “The Particles’ Geometric Model” (Leptons and Bosons)

This work shows a didactic model representative (GPM) of the particles described in the Standard Model (SM). Particles are represented by geometric forms corresponding to geometric structures of coupled quantum oscillators. From the didactic hypotheses of the model emerges an in-depth phenomenology of particles that is fully compatible with that of SM. Thanks to this model, we can calculate “geometrically” the mass of Higgs’s Boson and the mass of the pair “muon and muonic neutrino”, and, by the geometric shapes of leptons and bosons, we can also solve crucial aspects of SM physics as the neutrinos’ oscillations and the intrinsic chirality of the neutrino and antineutrino.

A Novelty Solution to the Neutron Anomaly (An Anomalous Neutron or “Dark”?)

To explain the anomaly (τb ≠ τf) of the neutron lifetime τ in some experiments, in “bottle” τb and in “beam” τf, we resort to an anomalous form of the neutron na. This form belongs to one of two different states of the structure of the quark configurations making up the neutron (nucleon): first, an ordinary form Ψo, while the second is an “anomalous” form Ψa, difficult to detect and decay. If the ordinary configuration is present in everyone nuclear processes, to strong and weak interactions, and in diffusion processes, the anomalous form can emerge, in casual way and probabilistic, in some processes of fusion with production of neutrons and can be highlighted in some experiments as those in “bottle” and in “beam”, see the anomaly of the neutron lifetime. We show that the anomalous form Ψa can be highlighted in the coupling between a dipoles’ lattice of virtual bosons W and the neutron (nucleon) because the neutron into anomalous configuration does not decays. Finally, we interpret the anomalous neutron as a “dark” neutron, presenting, so, the dark matter as an anomalous form of hadron matter.

From the Dark Neutron to the Neutron Decay Anomaly and Lithium Cosmologic Problem

In the context of the geometric model of particles (PGM), we show two different forms of the structure of the quark positions making up the neutron: first, an ordinary form, while the second is a “dark” form (difficult to detect). By the “dark” form we attempt of explaining the anomaly of the neutron lifetime (τ) in its decay observed in two different experiments as that in “bottle” and “in beam” and expressed by discrepancy between the two lifetimes (τbottle ≠ τbeam). Using the structure equation of the dark neutron, we calculate its mass. In this framework, two problems can be resolved: the asymmetry between matter and antimatter and the abundance into universe of Lithium 7Li than the 6Li.