Anatomical and chemical characteristics of stems affect lodging in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Traits associated with lodging resistance, such as plant height, stem strength, culm wall thickness, pith diame...Anatomical and chemical characteristics of stems affect lodging in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Traits associated with lodging resistance, such as plant height, stem strength, culm wall thickness, pith diameter, and stem diameter, were extensively investigated in earlier studies. However, the solid stem trait was rarely considered. In this study, we measured a range of anatomical and chemical characteristics on solid and hollow stemmed wheat cultivars. Significant correlations were detected between resistance to lodging and several anatomical features, including width of mechanical tissue, weight of low internodes, and width of stem walls. Morphological features that gave the best indication of improved lodging resistance were increased stem width, width of mechanical tissue layer, and stem density. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 99% of the variation in lodging resistance could be explained by the width of the mechanical tissue layer, suggesting that solid stemmed wheat has several anatomical features for increasing resistance to lodging. In addition, microsatellite markers GWM247 and GWM340 were linked to a single solid stem QTL on chromosome 3BL in a population derived from the cross Xinongshixin(solid stem)/Line 3159(hollow stem). These markers should be valuable in breeding wheat for solid stem.展开更多
Common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is the most important crop in the world and a typical allopolyploid with a large and complex genome.Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)leads to a significant reduction in grain quality worldwi...Common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is the most important crop in the world and a typical allopolyploid with a large and complex genome.Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)leads to a significant reduction in grain quality worldwide.PHS is a complex trait with related QTL located on different chromosomes.However,the study of markers and genes related to PHS resistance is limited especially for whitegrained wheat.Four pairs of near isogenic lines(NILs)from a white-grained wheat cross of CharaDM5637B*8 targeting a major QTL for PHS resistance(Qphs.ccsu-3A.1)on wheat chromosme 3AL were genotyped using the 90K SNP Illumina iSelect array.Ten SNPs were identified,with a 75%-100%consistency between genotype and phenotype in the resistant or susceptible isolines.The 10 SNPs were converted to cost-effective kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers.Screening of 48 wheat cultivars with different phenotypes of PHS identified four KASP markers with 81.3%-85.4%conformity between genotype and phenotype.Further investigation revealed that the four SNPs(BS00022245_51,Kukri_c49927_151,BS00022884_51 and BS00110550_51)corresponding to the four validated KASP markers are residing in three independent genes(TraesCS3A03G1072800,TraesCS3A03G1072400,TraesCS3A03G1071800)close to each other with a distance of 4.28-4.48 Mb to the targeted QTL.These three annotated genes have potential functions related to PHS resistance.Our study revealed that combined use of NILs and the 90K SNP chip is a powerful approach for developing KASP markers and mining functional genes in wheat.The KASP markers for PHS resistance on chromosome 3AL are useful for high-throughput evaluation and marker-assisted selection,and the three identified genes could lead to a better understanding of the genetic pathways controlling PHS.展开更多
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase)influences cereal productivity.There are few reports on the function of cytosolic AGPase small subunit in bread wheat(TaAGPS).In the present study,TaAGPS was preferentially express...ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase)influences cereal productivity.There are few reports on the function of cytosolic AGPase small subunit in bread wheat(TaAGPS).In the present study,TaAGPS was preferentially expressed in developing endosperm during grain-filling stages in bread wheat.TaAGPS allelic variations were characterized in 143 wheat accessions by PacBio RS II sequencing.Two haplotypes(TaAGPS-7A-TG and TaAGPS-7A-CT)of TaAGPS-7A were identified and corresponding functional markers were developed,whereas no variants of TaAGPS-7B and TaAGPS-7D were detected.TaAGPS-7A was associated with thousand-kernel weight(TKW)by haplotype–trait association analysis in two populations.Near-isogenic lines(NILs)with TaAGPS-7A-TG showed higher TKW and total kernel starch content than those with TaAGPS-7A-CT,owing to the higher AGPase activity of TaAGPS-7A-TG than TaAGPS-7A-CT both in vitro and in vivo.Overexpression of TaAGPS-7A-TG in bread wheat doubled the transcription levels of TaAGPS and increased AGPase activity by 55.7%,resulting in a 3.0-g higher TKW than in the wild type(WT).Knockdown of TaAGPS led to reduced expression of TaAGPS,AGPase activity,and TKW than in the WT.Thus,owing to the 218th amino acid change of Ser to Ala in TaAGPS-7A,the favorable haplotype TaAGPS-7A-TG showed higher AGPase activity,resulting in higher kernel starch content and grain weight.This finding could be applied to increasing starch content and grain weight in bread wheat.展开更多
In this study,it is shown how recycled rubber and waste plastics can modify the softening point and penetration of asphalt traditionally used for highways.It is shown that the modified asphalt can meet the performance...In this study,it is shown how recycled rubber and waste plastics can modify the softening point and penetration of asphalt traditionally used for highways.It is shown that the modified asphalt can meet the performance index requirements when the components are present with a certain proportion or relative ratio(1:3.5).The dispersion process of the masterbatch in base asphalt can effectively be implemented,with good results and a smaller mixing time.The proposed approach may be regarded as a good strategy to achieve energy savings and protection of the environment.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the variation rule of total RNA concentration during formation of microtubers of PineUia ternata induced by sucrose. [ Method ] Plantlets of P. ternata were used as experim...[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the variation rule of total RNA concentration during formation of microtubers of PineUia ternata induced by sucrose. [ Method ] Plantlets of P. ternata were used as experimental materials. Total RNA concentration was determined with spectrophotometer, and the variation of total RNA was analyzed before and after formation of P. ternata microtubers treated with different concentrations of sucrose using DDRT-PCR technology. [ Result] Total RNA concentration of P. ternata treated with different concentrations of sucrose varied greatly, which showed an upward trend in the first 15 d, de- clined from 15~ d to 25th d, and slightly raised from 25＇h d to 30＇8 d. Microtubers formed under various sucrose treatments showed an increase in RNA concentration after induction, and it was assumed that the treatment of high concentrations of sucrose might have activated the expression of development-related＇ genes in P. ter- nata microtubers. [ Conclusion] This study provides the basis for revealing the related gene expression information and molecular mechanism during formation of P. ternata microtubers induced by sucrose.展开更多
Post-polio syndrome(PPS)is a neurologic disorder characterized by an accumulation of symptoms,most often muscle weakness,fatigue,and pain,decades after the initial polio.Diagnosis of PPS is based on the presence of a ...Post-polio syndrome(PPS)is a neurologic disorder characterized by an accumulation of symptoms,most often muscle weakness,fatigue,and pain,decades after the initial polio.Diagnosis of PPS is based on the presence of a lower motor neuron disorder which is supported by neuro-physiological findings,as well as exclusion of other disorders as causes of new symptoms.The pathogenesis of PPS is still disputed.Rehabilitation for patients with PPS should take a comprehensive approach.Evaluation of the need for orthoses is often required.展开更多
Objective: to study the calibration period of the main motor pulmonary function instru-ment sensor. Methods: A matched control group was used, one was calibrated periodical-ly and the other was not calibrated. The cal...Objective: to study the calibration period of the main motor pulmonary function instru-ment sensor. Methods: A matched control group was used, one was calibrated periodical-ly and the other was not calibrated. The calibration values of oxygen sensor and carbon dioxide sensor were compared. Results: the oxygen sensor of electrochemical type was most sensitive to the change of time and environment, and the carbon dioxide sensor of infrared type was more sensitive to the change of time and environment. Conclusion: ox-ygen sensors of electrochemical type and carbon dioxide sensors of infrared type should be calibrated before each use.展开更多
In the era of advanced wearable electronic devices,the triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)as energy harvesting and self-powered sensing units hold great promise.Selecting appropriate triboelectric material is the cruc...In the era of advanced wearable electronic devices,the triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)as energy harvesting and self-powered sensing units hold great promise.Selecting appropriate triboelectric material is the crucial factor to optimize the performance of TENG,while polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)stands out as a highly versatile option among the various materials.In this study,we present an ultrafine nanofibrous PTFE(NF-PTFE)films prepared by novel in-situ fibrillation strategy as the triboelectric material in TENG devices.The innovative processing methodology facilely addresses the dilemma between high porosity and fine pore size of traditional porous PTFE films,meanwhile achieves exceptional mechanical strength,hydrophobicity,air permeability,and chemical resistance of the films.With the integration of nanofibrous PTFE films into contact-separation mode TENG and droplet-based TENG,these devices realize the peak electrical output of 131 V/10.8μA and 54 V/14μA with great durability,which surpass the performance of TENGs using traditional expanded PTFE films.Furthermore,a smart glove capable of recognizing hand gestures is proposed,which demonstrates the versatility,flexibility,and practicality of this material for potential use in smart devices.This reported NF-PTFE film provides insights for the design of high-performance TENG device for advanced wearable electrical applications.展开更多
Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a major crop that feeds 40%of the world’s population.Over the past several decades,advances in genomics have led to tremendous achievements in understanding the origin and domestic...Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a major crop that feeds 40%of the world’s population.Over the past several decades,advances in genomics have led to tremendous achievements in understanding the origin and domestication of wheat,and the genetic basis of agronomically important traits,which promote the breeding of elite varieties.In this review,we focus on progress that has been made in genomic research and genetic improvement of traits such as grain yield,end-use traits,flowering regulation,nutrient use efficiency,and biotic and abiotic stress responses,and various breeding strategies that contributed mainly by Chinese scientists.Functional genomic research in wheat is entering a new era with the availability of multiple reference wheat genome assemblies and the development of cutting-edge technologies such as precise genome editing tools,highthroughput phenotyping platforms,sequencing-based cloning strategies,high-efficiency genetic transformation systems,and speed-breeding facilities.These insights will further extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits and facilitate the breeding process,ultimately contributing to more sustainable agriculture in China and throughout the world.展开更多
TaPHT1.2 is a functional, root predominantly expressed and low phosphate （Pi） inducible high-affinity Pi transporter in wheat, which is more abundant in the roots of P-efficient wheat genotypes （e.g., Xiaoyan 54） ...TaPHT1.2 is a functional, root predominantly expressed and low phosphate （Pi） inducible high-affinity Pi transporter in wheat, which is more abundant in the roots of P-efficient wheat genotypes （e.g., Xiaoyan 54） than in P-inefficient genotypes （e.g., Jing 411） under both Pi-deficient and Pi-sufficient conditions. To characterize TaPHT1.2 further, we genetically mapped a TaPHT1.2 transporter, TaPHT1.2-D1, on the long arm of chromosome 4D using a recombinant inbred line population derived from Xiaoyan 54 and Jing 411, and isolated a 1,302 bp fragment of the TaPHT1.2-D1 promoter （PrTaPHT1.2-D1） from Xiaoyan 54. TaPHT1.2-D1 shows collinearity with OsPHT1.2 that has previously been reported to mediate the translocation of Pi from roots to shoots. PrTaPHT1.2-D contains a number of Pi-starvation responsive elements, including P1BS, WRKY-binding W-box, and helix-loop-helix-binding elements. PrTaPHT1.2-D1 was then used to drive expression of 13-glucuronidase （GUS） reporter gene in Arabidopsis through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Histochemical analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed that the reporter gene was specifically induced by Pi-starvation and predominantly expressed in the roots. As there is only one SNP between the TaPHT1.2-D1 promoters of Xiaoyan 54 and Jing 411, and this SNP does not exist within the Pi-starvation responsive elements, the differential expression of TaPHT1.2 in Xiaoyan 54 and Jing 411 may not be caused by this SNP.展开更多
Although long-term genetic gain has been achieved through increasing use of modern breeding methods and technologies,the rate of genetic gain needs to be accelerated to meet humanity’s demand for agricultural product...Although long-term genetic gain has been achieved through increasing use of modern breeding methods and technologies,the rate of genetic gain needs to be accelerated to meet humanity’s demand for agricultural products.In this regard,genomic selection(GS)has been considered most promising for genetic improvement of the complex traits controlled by many genes each with minor effects.Livestock scientists pioneered GS application largely due to livestock’s significantly higher individual values and the greater reduction in generation interval that can be achieved in GS.Large-scale application of GS in plants can be achieved by refining field management to improve heritability estimation and prediction accuracy and developing optimum GS models with the consideration of genotype-by-environment interaction and non-additive effects,along with significant cost reduction.Moreover,it would be more effective to integrate GS with other breeding tools and platforms for accelerating the breeding process and thereby further enhancing genetic gain.In addition,establishing an open-source breeding network and developing transdisciplinary approaches would be essential in enhancing breeding efficiency for small-and medium-sized enterprises and agricultural research systems in developing countries.New strategies centered on GS for enhancing genetic gain need to be developed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB100302)the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (KSCX2-EW-N-02)
文摘Anatomical and chemical characteristics of stems affect lodging in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Traits associated with lodging resistance, such as plant height, stem strength, culm wall thickness, pith diameter, and stem diameter, were extensively investigated in earlier studies. However, the solid stem trait was rarely considered. In this study, we measured a range of anatomical and chemical characteristics on solid and hollow stemmed wheat cultivars. Significant correlations were detected between resistance to lodging and several anatomical features, including width of mechanical tissue, weight of low internodes, and width of stem walls. Morphological features that gave the best indication of improved lodging resistance were increased stem width, width of mechanical tissue layer, and stem density. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 99% of the variation in lodging resistance could be explained by the width of the mechanical tissue layer, suggesting that solid stemmed wheat has several anatomical features for increasing resistance to lodging. In addition, microsatellite markers GWM247 and GWM340 were linked to a single solid stem QTL on chromosome 3BL in a population derived from the cross Xinongshixin(solid stem)/Line 3159(hollow stem). These markers should be valuable in breeding wheat for solid stem.
基金funded by Global Innovation Linkage program (GIL53853) from Australian Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesAustralian Government RTP Scholarship (International)University Postgraduate Awards (UPA)
文摘Common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is the most important crop in the world and a typical allopolyploid with a large and complex genome.Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)leads to a significant reduction in grain quality worldwide.PHS is a complex trait with related QTL located on different chromosomes.However,the study of markers and genes related to PHS resistance is limited especially for whitegrained wheat.Four pairs of near isogenic lines(NILs)from a white-grained wheat cross of CharaDM5637B*8 targeting a major QTL for PHS resistance(Qphs.ccsu-3A.1)on wheat chromosme 3AL were genotyped using the 90K SNP Illumina iSelect array.Ten SNPs were identified,with a 75%-100%consistency between genotype and phenotype in the resistant or susceptible isolines.The 10 SNPs were converted to cost-effective kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers.Screening of 48 wheat cultivars with different phenotypes of PHS identified four KASP markers with 81.3%-85.4%conformity between genotype and phenotype.Further investigation revealed that the four SNPs(BS00022245_51,Kukri_c49927_151,BS00022884_51 and BS00110550_51)corresponding to the four validated KASP markers are residing in three independent genes(TraesCS3A03G1072800,TraesCS3A03G1072400,TraesCS3A03G1071800)close to each other with a distance of 4.28-4.48 Mb to the targeted QTL.These three annotated genes have potential functions related to PHS resistance.Our study revealed that combined use of NILs and the 90K SNP chip is a powerful approach for developing KASP markers and mining functional genes in wheat.The KASP markers for PHS resistance on chromosome 3AL are useful for high-throughput evaluation and marker-assisted selection,and the three identified genes could lead to a better understanding of the genetic pathways controlling PHS.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871617,32172066)the Education Department of Hunan Province(20B615)。
文摘ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase)influences cereal productivity.There are few reports on the function of cytosolic AGPase small subunit in bread wheat(TaAGPS).In the present study,TaAGPS was preferentially expressed in developing endosperm during grain-filling stages in bread wheat.TaAGPS allelic variations were characterized in 143 wheat accessions by PacBio RS II sequencing.Two haplotypes(TaAGPS-7A-TG and TaAGPS-7A-CT)of TaAGPS-7A were identified and corresponding functional markers were developed,whereas no variants of TaAGPS-7B and TaAGPS-7D were detected.TaAGPS-7A was associated with thousand-kernel weight(TKW)by haplotype–trait association analysis in two populations.Near-isogenic lines(NILs)with TaAGPS-7A-TG showed higher TKW and total kernel starch content than those with TaAGPS-7A-CT,owing to the higher AGPase activity of TaAGPS-7A-TG than TaAGPS-7A-CT both in vitro and in vivo.Overexpression of TaAGPS-7A-TG in bread wheat doubled the transcription levels of TaAGPS and increased AGPase activity by 55.7%,resulting in a 3.0-g higher TKW than in the wild type(WT).Knockdown of TaAGPS led to reduced expression of TaAGPS,AGPase activity,and TKW than in the WT.Thus,owing to the 218th amino acid change of Ser to Ala in TaAGPS-7A,the favorable haplotype TaAGPS-7A-TG showed higher AGPase activity,resulting in higher kernel starch content and grain weight.This finding could be applied to increasing starch content and grain weight in bread wheat.
文摘In this study,it is shown how recycled rubber and waste plastics can modify the softening point and penetration of asphalt traditionally used for highways.It is shown that the modified asphalt can meet the performance index requirements when the components are present with a certain proportion or relative ratio(1:3.5).The dispersion process of the masterbatch in base asphalt can effectively be implemented,with good results and a smaller mixing time.The proposed approach may be regarded as a good strategy to achieve energy savings and protection of the environment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30973963)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (090413252)Key Program of Natural Science Research of Anhui Provincial Universities (KJ2009A160)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the variation rule of total RNA concentration during formation of microtubers of PineUia ternata induced by sucrose. [ Method ] Plantlets of P. ternata were used as experimental materials. Total RNA concentration was determined with spectrophotometer, and the variation of total RNA was analyzed before and after formation of P. ternata microtubers treated with different concentrations of sucrose using DDRT-PCR technology. [ Result] Total RNA concentration of P. ternata treated with different concentrations of sucrose varied greatly, which showed an upward trend in the first 15 d, de- clined from 15~ d to 25th d, and slightly raised from 25＇h d to 30＇8 d. Microtubers formed under various sucrose treatments showed an increase in RNA concentration after induction, and it was assumed that the treatment of high concentrations of sucrose might have activated the expression of development-related＇ genes in P. ter- nata microtubers. [ Conclusion] This study provides the basis for revealing the related gene expression information and molecular mechanism during formation of P. ternata microtubers induced by sucrose.
基金This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(2019-CZ-17,2020-CZ-12).
文摘Post-polio syndrome(PPS)is a neurologic disorder characterized by an accumulation of symptoms,most often muscle weakness,fatigue,and pain,decades after the initial polio.Diagnosis of PPS is based on the presence of a lower motor neuron disorder which is supported by neuro-physiological findings,as well as exclusion of other disorders as causes of new symptoms.The pathogenesis of PPS is still disputed.Rehabilitation for patients with PPS should take a comprehensive approach.Evaluation of the need for orthoses is often required.
文摘Objective: to study the calibration period of the main motor pulmonary function instru-ment sensor. Methods: A matched control group was used, one was calibrated periodical-ly and the other was not calibrated. The calibration values of oxygen sensor and carbon dioxide sensor were compared. Results: the oxygen sensor of electrochemical type was most sensitive to the change of time and environment, and the carbon dioxide sensor of infrared type was more sensitive to the change of time and environment. Conclusion: ox-ygen sensors of electrochemical type and carbon dioxide sensors of infrared type should be calibrated before each use.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175341)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2022JQ24).
文摘In the era of advanced wearable electronic devices,the triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)as energy harvesting and self-powered sensing units hold great promise.Selecting appropriate triboelectric material is the crucial factor to optimize the performance of TENG,while polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)stands out as a highly versatile option among the various materials.In this study,we present an ultrafine nanofibrous PTFE(NF-PTFE)films prepared by novel in-situ fibrillation strategy as the triboelectric material in TENG devices.The innovative processing methodology facilely addresses the dilemma between high porosity and fine pore size of traditional porous PTFE films,meanwhile achieves exceptional mechanical strength,hydrophobicity,air permeability,and chemical resistance of the films.With the integration of nanofibrous PTFE films into contact-separation mode TENG and droplet-based TENG,these devices realize the peak electrical output of 131 V/10.8μA and 54 V/14μA with great durability,which surpass the performance of TENGs using traditional expanded PTFE films.Furthermore,a smart glove capable of recognizing hand gestures is proposed,which demonstrates the versatility,flexibility,and practicality of this material for potential use in smart devices.This reported NF-PTFE film provides insights for the design of high-performance TENG device for advanced wearable electrical applications.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31788103,31970529,32125030,31921005,31961143013,32072660)the Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFF1000200)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24010202).
文摘Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a major crop that feeds 40%of the world’s population.Over the past several decades,advances in genomics have led to tremendous achievements in understanding the origin and domestication of wheat,and the genetic basis of agronomically important traits,which promote the breeding of elite varieties.In this review,we focus on progress that has been made in genomic research and genetic improvement of traits such as grain yield,end-use traits,flowering regulation,nutrient use efficiency,and biotic and abiotic stress responses,and various breeding strategies that contributed mainly by Chinese scientists.Functional genomic research in wheat is entering a new era with the availability of multiple reference wheat genome assemblies and the development of cutting-edge technologies such as precise genome editing tools,highthroughput phenotyping platforms,sequencing-based cloning strategies,high-efficiency genetic transformation systems,and speed-breeding facilities.These insights will further extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits and facilitate the breeding process,ultimately contributing to more sustainable agriculture in China and throughout the world.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2005CB120904 and 2006AA10A105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30890133 and 30521001)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KSCX2-YW-N-001)
文摘TaPHT1.2 is a functional, root predominantly expressed and low phosphate （Pi） inducible high-affinity Pi transporter in wheat, which is more abundant in the roots of P-efficient wheat genotypes （e.g., Xiaoyan 54） than in P-inefficient genotypes （e.g., Jing 411） under both Pi-deficient and Pi-sufficient conditions. To characterize TaPHT1.2 further, we genetically mapped a TaPHT1.2 transporter, TaPHT1.2-D1, on the long arm of chromosome 4D using a recombinant inbred line population derived from Xiaoyan 54 and Jing 411, and isolated a 1,302 bp fragment of the TaPHT1.2-D1 promoter （PrTaPHT1.2-D1） from Xiaoyan 54. TaPHT1.2-D1 shows collinearity with OsPHT1.2 that has previously been reported to mediate the translocation of Pi from roots to shoots. PrTaPHT1.2-D contains a number of Pi-starvation responsive elements, including P1BS, WRKY-binding W-box, and helix-loop-helix-binding elements. PrTaPHT1.2-D1 was then used to drive expression of 13-glucuronidase （GUS） reporter gene in Arabidopsis through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Histochemical analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed that the reporter gene was specifically induced by Pi-starvation and predominantly expressed in the roots. As there is only one SNP between the TaPHT1.2-D1 promoters of Xiaoyan 54 and Jing 411, and this SNP does not exist within the Pi-starvation responsive elements, the differential expression of TaPHT1.2 in Xiaoyan 54 and Jing 411 may not be caused by this SNP.
基金The research involved in this report was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0101803)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2014 CB138206)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS,and Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-Profit of Institute of Crop Sciences,CAAS(1610092016124)Research activities of CIMMYT staff have been supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the CGIAR Research Program MAIZE.
文摘Although long-term genetic gain has been achieved through increasing use of modern breeding methods and technologies,the rate of genetic gain needs to be accelerated to meet humanity’s demand for agricultural products.In this regard,genomic selection(GS)has been considered most promising for genetic improvement of the complex traits controlled by many genes each with minor effects.Livestock scientists pioneered GS application largely due to livestock’s significantly higher individual values and the greater reduction in generation interval that can be achieved in GS.Large-scale application of GS in plants can be achieved by refining field management to improve heritability estimation and prediction accuracy and developing optimum GS models with the consideration of genotype-by-environment interaction and non-additive effects,along with significant cost reduction.Moreover,it would be more effective to integrate GS with other breeding tools and platforms for accelerating the breeding process and thereby further enhancing genetic gain.In addition,establishing an open-source breeding network and developing transdisciplinary approaches would be essential in enhancing breeding efficiency for small-and medium-sized enterprises and agricultural research systems in developing countries.New strategies centered on GS for enhancing genetic gain need to be developed.
