Topology optimization of shear wall structures under seismic loading

A topology optimization formulation is developed to find the stiffest structure with desirable material distribution subjected to seismic loads. Finite element models of the structures are generated and the optimality criteria method is modified using a simple penalty approach and introducing fictitious strain energy to simultaneously consider both material volume and displacement constraints. Different types of shear walls with/without opening are investigated. Additionally, the effects of shear wall-frame interaction for single and coupled shear walls are studied. Gravity and seismic loads are applied to the shear walls so that the definitions provide a practical approach for locating the critical parts of these structures. The results suggest new viewpoints for architectural and structural engineering for placement of openings.

隐藏在德黑兰的最大秘密：一家伟大却不为人知的博物馆

在德黑兰当代艺术博物馆的大厅里，一个旋转楼梯从街面的高度螺旋下降，仿若弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特（Frank Lloyd Wright）设计的纽约古根海姆美术馆（Guggenheirn Museum）的地下版本。