Nitrogen (N) plays a vital role in the productivity of maize (<i>Zea</i> <i>mays</i> L). To investigate the fertilizer effects of N on the yield and growth of maize hybrid variety (Gorilla), th...Nitrogen (N) plays a vital role in the productivity of maize (<i>Zea</i> <i>mays</i> L). To investigate the fertilizer effects of N on the yield and growth of maize hybrid variety (Gorilla), the experiment was carried out at the research farm of University of Swabi, Pakistan, during summer 2017-18. Four levels of N (Urea, Urea + Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Urea + Compost, Urea + Poultry Manure (PM)) were set in the present study. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with split-plot arrangement with N administering to main plot. Results showed that yield and other traits, <i>i.e.</i> plant height, ear length, ear weight, kernel yield, kernels ear<sup>-1</sup> and harvest index (HI) were significantly affected by Nitrogen. In current study, the maximum performances of plant height (231.46 cm), ear length (12.17 cm), kernels ear<sup>-1</sup> (434.83), kernel yield (2095.7 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>), total kernel weight (350.75 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>), biomass yield (4015.3 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) and HI (37.31) were recorded under the treatment of UREA + PM, and followed by UREA + FYM. Besides, the applications of organic manure in combination with nitrogen significantly increased yield and its components. Application of 50% of N and 50% of poultry manure produced higher performance for the traits of plant height, ear length, kernels ear<sup>-1</sup>, total kernels weight ear<sup>-1</sup>, kernel yield, and biomass yield.展开更多
Rapeseed(Brassica napus)is one of the most important oil crops worldwide;however,drought seriously curtails its growth and productivity.Identifying drought-tolerant germplasm is an efficient strategy for addressing wa...Rapeseed(Brassica napus)is one of the most important oil crops worldwide;however,drought seriously curtails its growth and productivity.Identifying drought-tolerant germplasm is an efficient strategy for addressing water shortages.Here,we phenotyped a panel of 264 B.napus accessions at full-bloom stage using water loss ratio(WLR)as drought-tolerant index.It identified 8 low-WLR and 6 high-WLR accessions,regarded as droughttolerant and drought-sensitive,respectively.Comparing with drought-sensitive accessions at the seedling stage,drought-tolerant accessions had shown better performance in maintaining fresh and dry weights,and performed the higher expression of drought-induced marker genes under drought stress.Subsequently,a total of 139 SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphisms)were identified associated with the WLR using a genome-wide association study(GWAS)among 264 B.napus accessions,with the largest number SNPs at chromosome A10,and 13 SNPs significantly were associated with the WLR(-log_(10)(p-value)>6).Furthermore,4 putative candidate genes(BnaC09.RPS6,BnaC09.MATE,BnaA10.PPD5 and BnaC09.Histone)were screened involving in drought tolerance in B.napus.Together,our results highlight the WLR's importance in drought tolerance and establish the foundation for improving WLR-associated drought tolerance in rapeseed.展开更多
The aerosol can change the clouds properties;the clouds, however, affect the normal behavior of aerosol optical depth. Considerable effects arise while the interaction of aerosol and clouds unavoidably encounters the ...The aerosol can change the clouds properties;the clouds, however, affect the normal behavior of aerosol optical depth. Considerable effects arise while the interaction of aerosol and clouds unavoidably encounters the presence of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in atmosphere. This research discusses the influence of two selected aerosol types, on the clouds in Africa, over the selected sub-time series in the years 1980-2018. Sahara desert’s dust is mainly constituted by hematite minerals;which, in return, is mainly composed by the iron oxides, a powerful solar and infra-red radiation absorbing matter and thus a strong and direct radiative forcing agent. For that reason, together with the fact that it is windblown over the biggest region that surrounds the desert, dust is one of the strongly considered aerosol in this research. Besides, black carbon (BC), mostly from the anthropogenic biomass burning process in the mid latitude’s African savanna, is the second aerosol type selected for this research: it is one of the abundantly available aerosol types and it is one of the strongest atmospheric radiant energy absorbers. For sake of valid and trustworthy results, the data is collected from multiple satellite remote sensing tools and instruments, all targeting the aerosol-cloud interaction and effects. In this research, different measurements were carried out;those are the spatiotemporal averaged cloud cover, the aerosol (dust and BC) extinction optical thickness (AOT), the anomaly of aerosol optical depth (AAOD) as well as different scatter plots’ correlation analysis. For findings: the direct influence of hydrophilic BC on clouds formation in central African sub-region is experimentally demonstrated;the dust aerosol highly influences the North African sub-region’s cloud formation.展开更多
文摘Nitrogen (N) plays a vital role in the productivity of maize (<i>Zea</i> <i>mays</i> L). To investigate the fertilizer effects of N on the yield and growth of maize hybrid variety (Gorilla), the experiment was carried out at the research farm of University of Swabi, Pakistan, during summer 2017-18. Four levels of N (Urea, Urea + Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Urea + Compost, Urea + Poultry Manure (PM)) were set in the present study. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with split-plot arrangement with N administering to main plot. Results showed that yield and other traits, <i>i.e.</i> plant height, ear length, ear weight, kernel yield, kernels ear<sup>-1</sup> and harvest index (HI) were significantly affected by Nitrogen. In current study, the maximum performances of plant height (231.46 cm), ear length (12.17 cm), kernels ear<sup>-1</sup> (434.83), kernel yield (2095.7 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>), total kernel weight (350.75 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>), biomass yield (4015.3 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) and HI (37.31) were recorded under the treatment of UREA + PM, and followed by UREA + FYM. Besides, the applications of organic manure in combination with nitrogen significantly increased yield and its components. Application of 50% of N and 50% of poultry manure produced higher performance for the traits of plant height, ear length, kernels ear<sup>-1</sup>, total kernels weight ear<sup>-1</sup>, kernel yield, and biomass yield.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Plan(2018YFD0100500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871653)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2020D023)the Chongqing Postgraduate Research and Innovation Projects(CYS20124)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2018jcyjAX0347)the 111 project(B12006).
文摘Rapeseed(Brassica napus)is one of the most important oil crops worldwide;however,drought seriously curtails its growth and productivity.Identifying drought-tolerant germplasm is an efficient strategy for addressing water shortages.Here,we phenotyped a panel of 264 B.napus accessions at full-bloom stage using water loss ratio(WLR)as drought-tolerant index.It identified 8 low-WLR and 6 high-WLR accessions,regarded as droughttolerant and drought-sensitive,respectively.Comparing with drought-sensitive accessions at the seedling stage,drought-tolerant accessions had shown better performance in maintaining fresh and dry weights,and performed the higher expression of drought-induced marker genes under drought stress.Subsequently,a total of 139 SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphisms)were identified associated with the WLR using a genome-wide association study(GWAS)among 264 B.napus accessions,with the largest number SNPs at chromosome A10,and 13 SNPs significantly were associated with the WLR(-log_(10)(p-value)>6).Furthermore,4 putative candidate genes(BnaC09.RPS6,BnaC09.MATE,BnaA10.PPD5 and BnaC09.Histone)were screened involving in drought tolerance in B.napus.Together,our results highlight the WLR's importance in drought tolerance and establish the foundation for improving WLR-associated drought tolerance in rapeseed.
文摘The aerosol can change the clouds properties;the clouds, however, affect the normal behavior of aerosol optical depth. Considerable effects arise while the interaction of aerosol and clouds unavoidably encounters the presence of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in atmosphere. This research discusses the influence of two selected aerosol types, on the clouds in Africa, over the selected sub-time series in the years 1980-2018. Sahara desert’s dust is mainly constituted by hematite minerals;which, in return, is mainly composed by the iron oxides, a powerful solar and infra-red radiation absorbing matter and thus a strong and direct radiative forcing agent. For that reason, together with the fact that it is windblown over the biggest region that surrounds the desert, dust is one of the strongly considered aerosol in this research. Besides, black carbon (BC), mostly from the anthropogenic biomass burning process in the mid latitude’s African savanna, is the second aerosol type selected for this research: it is one of the abundantly available aerosol types and it is one of the strongest atmospheric radiant energy absorbers. For sake of valid and trustworthy results, the data is collected from multiple satellite remote sensing tools and instruments, all targeting the aerosol-cloud interaction and effects. In this research, different measurements were carried out;those are the spatiotemporal averaged cloud cover, the aerosol (dust and BC) extinction optical thickness (AOT), the anomaly of aerosol optical depth (AAOD) as well as different scatter plots’ correlation analysis. For findings: the direct influence of hydrophilic BC on clouds formation in central African sub-region is experimentally demonstrated;the dust aerosol highly influences the North African sub-region’s cloud formation.
