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Ethnobotanical and Phytochemical Study of Medicinal Plants Sold in the Markets of the City of N’Djamena
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作者 Djibrine Adoum Oumar Teissir Ibrahim Abakar +6 位作者 Hama Cissé Salomon Madjitoloum Betoloum Adama Sawadogo Jean-Ulrich Muandze Nzambe Elisée Mbayngone Abdelsalam Tidjani aly savadogo 《Advances in Biological Chemistry》 CAS 2024年第4期121-144,共24页
The use of medicinal plants occupies an important place in traditional Chadian medicine, this study was carried out with the aim of listing the medicinal plants sold in the markets of the city of N’Djamena, and knowl... The use of medicinal plants occupies an important place in traditional Chadian medicine, this study was carried out with the aim of listing the medicinal plants sold in the markets of the city of N’Djamena, and knowledge of the medicinal flora Chad, such as the leaves of Guiera senegalensis in Arabic called Khibeche, the roots of Cassia occidentalis called Am kwala-Kinkéliba in Arabic;the bark of Khaya senegalensis (Desv) A. Juss called Muraї in Arabic and the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum called Helbé in Arabic in order to treat the most frequently cited diseases such as malaria, the common cold, mother and newborn care, and typhoid. Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted from September to December 2022, in three markets in the city of N’Djamena, based on individual interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire, with 30 herbalists and traditional practitioners. Phytochemical screening analyses of the organs of four plants were carried out in the chemistry and biology laboratory of the Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences (FSEA) following a standard protocol established by [1] and slightly modified by [2] [3]. The results of the surveys identified 68 species divided into fifty-five (55) genera and twenty-seven (27) families, the most represented of which were Caesalpiniaceae (10 species), Mimosaceae (5 species) and Combretaceae (4 species). The leaves were the most commonly used parts (43%), with decoction (70%) the most frequently used method of preparation. The oral route was the most popular with 73% of recipes. The phytochemical study revealed a wealth of secondary metabolites such as Trapezoidal Sterols, Alkaloids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Free Quinones, Anthocyane, Anthraquinones, Saponosides and Heterosides. These results can be considered as a source of information for scientific research in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacology. 展开更多
关键词 Chad (N’Djamena) Medicinal Plants ETHNOBOTANY SCREENING PHYTOCHEMISTRY
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Characterization and Assessment of the Quality of the Water and Sediments of the Islands (Moudou and Birguime) of Lake Fitri in Chad and Confirmation of the Strains Isolated by the PCR Method
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作者 Djibrine Adoum Oumar Adama Sawadogo +8 位作者 Atteib Adam Baye Hama Cissé Muandze Nzambe Jean Ulrich Zongo Oumaro Brahim Boy Jacques Etame Abdelsalam Tidjani Zongo Cheikna aly savadogo 《Advances in Microbiology》 CAS 2024年第9期430-447,共18页
The problem of access to quality water is a major challenge, as it has a major impact on the socio-economic conditions of people in developing countries. The water from the islands of Lake Fitri is one of the main sou... The problem of access to quality water is a major challenge, as it has a major impact on the socio-economic conditions of people in developing countries. The water from the islands of Lake Fitri is one of the main sources of drinking water for the population. The aim of this study is to characterise and assess the quality of the water and sediment from the islands (Moudou and Birguime) of Lake Fitri, and to confirm the strains isolated using the PCR method. A total of fifty (50) samples of water and fifty (50) sediments from the islands of Lake Fitri were analyzed. Standard methods of microbiological and biochemical analysis of water and sediments were used. Isolated Enterobacteriaceae strains were characterized by API 20 E and API Staph galleries and Salmonella was confirmed by PCR method. Antibiotic resistance was determined using a technique recommended by the antibiogram committee of the French microbiology society (CA-SFM, 2019). The microbiological results for the water showed an abundance of total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF) (4.31 × 106 ± 8.05 × 105 and 5.29 × 106 ± 2.55 × 105) on the Birguime and Moudou islands successively. The microbiological results for the sediment from Birguime and Moudou islands showed an abundance of thermotolerant coliforms (E. coli) (2.05 × 105 ± 5.43 × 104 and 2.27 × 105 ± 3.49 × 104) alternately. The results obtained after incubation of the biochemical tests by the API 20E, API Staph gallery and their numerical profile proposed by the Api software confirmed the contamination. The antibiogram results showed the emergence of certain resistances to the antibiotics Tobramycin, Flucytosine, Amikacin and Teicoplani. The PCR results for Salmonella spp strains were confirmed. As a result, strict monitoring of the water on the various islands of Lake Fitri must be carried out throughout the annual cycle, by specialized personnel, to ensure proper bio-monitoring of these ecosystems. 展开更多
关键词 Lake Fitri (Chad) CHARACTERIZATION MICROBIOLOGICAL Biochemical Resistance and PCR
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Nutritional Characterization of Traditional Foods Based on Millet, Sorghum and Cowpea from the North-Central Region of Burkina Faso
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作者 Rasmata Dabo Fatoumata Hama-Ba +1 位作者 Serge Samandoulgou aly savadogo 《Food and Nutrition Sciences》 CAS 2024年第8期681-694,共14页
The food and nutrition situation in Burkina Faso, like most developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, is marked by growing food vulnerability. The majority of local dishes are being abandoned in favor of a minority ... The food and nutrition situation in Burkina Faso, like most developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, is marked by growing food vulnerability. The majority of local dishes are being abandoned in favor of a minority of imported cereal dishes and other ultra-processed foods. This minority of cereal foods is blamed for stunted growth in children, while ultra-processed foods are linked to chronic diseases such as hypertension, certain types of diabetes and cancer. Knowledge of the nutritional value of local foods is needed to determine their nutritional quality. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional values of local dishes based on millet, sorghum and cowpea in the Centre-North region. The methodology consisted of making an inventory of millet-, sorghum- and cowpea-based dishes using focus groups made up of women and men from three age groups comprising young people, adults and the elderly in the communes of Lebda and Boussouma. The dishes were reproduced, and standard biochemical methods were used for nutritional characterization. A total of 34 dishes were inventoried, including 16 millet/sorghum-based dishes, 8 cowpea-based dishes and 10 dishes composed of millet/sorghum and cowpea or leaves. The mean protein, carbohydrate, ash and iron contents per 100 g DM of the three types of dishes were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05), ranging respectively from 13.61 to 22.63 g, 70.76 to 80.88 g, 1.87 to 5.96 g and 7.67 to 12.06 mg. Those for lipid, energy and zinc were not significantly different, ranging from 5.51 to 6.56 g, from 427 to 433 Kcal and from 2.98 to 3.32 mg respectively. Cowpea-based and mixed dishes cover the nutritional requirements for protein, carbohydrates, iron, zinc and energy recommended for children and adults. The consumption of mixed dishes and cowpea-based dishes could be promoted by nutritional policy to reduce stunting and recommended to obese, hypertensive and diabetic people as part of their diet. 展开更多
关键词 CEREALS Legumes FOOD NUTRITIONAL Burkina Faso
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Microbial Quality and Molecular Identification of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Dried, Smoked, and Braised Fish Sold in Ouagadougou Markets
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作者 Arouna Ouédraogo Ganamé Abasse Ouédraogo +3 位作者 Henri Sidabéwindin Ouédraogo François Tchoumbougnang Cheikna Zongo aly savadogo 《Advances in Microbiology》 CAS 2024年第1期59-76,共18页
Background: The investigation of toxin genes in strains involved in staphylococcal food poisoning contributes to food safety. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus strains fr... Background: The investigation of toxin genes in strains involved in staphylococcal food poisoning contributes to food safety. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus strains from dried, smoked, and braised fish sold in Ouagadougou markets. Methodology: Staphylococci were isolated using standard microbiology methods. Staphylococcus strains were identified using API Staph kit (Reference # 20500, BioMerieux S.A., Marcy l'Etoile, France). The molecular identification of isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains was specifically confirmed by PCR using the Staur4 and Staur6 primers. The genes encoding enterotoxins, enterotoxin-like toxins, exfoliative toxins, and TSST-1 toxin were detected by multiplex PCR using specific primers from Inquaba Biotec West Africa Ltd, Africa's Genomics Company. Results: The results of the microbiological quality assessment indicated that most of the samples analyzed were found to be of unsatisfactory microbiological quality according to the Staphylococcus aureus microbiological criteria (m = 102). Overall, only 12.55% of samples were satisfactory, while 97.45% were unsatisfactory. The STAPH API gallery allowed the identification of the following species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus capitis. Of the 108 Staphylococcus isolates, 81 (75%) showed at least one (1) toxin gene. Among the 21 toxin genes tested in this study, 20 genes were detected in all strains analyzed. The staphylococcal toxin genes detected were present in both Staphylococcus aureus and the other coagulase-negative strains isolated in this study. In addition, these genes are found individually or in association in certain strains. The most frequent genes detected in toxin gene-positive strains were: the tsst-1 gene in 45 isolated strains (41.7%), sei (16/14.8%), seg (13/12%), ser (7/6.5%) sec (6/5.5%), and sea (5/4.6%) for staphylococcal enterotoxins, seln (14/12.9%), selq (8/7.4%), for enterotoxin-like toxin gene and eta (3/2.7%) for exfoliative toxin genes. Conclusion: This study highlighted the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus strains isolated from dried, smoked, and braised fish sold in Ouagadougou markets. Monitoring toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus is invaluable for better prevention of food poisoning. 展开更多
关键词 FISH Stapholocuccus Toxin Genes OUAGADOUGOU
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Optimization of Diesel and Crude Oil Degradation in a Ghanaian Soil Using Organic Wastes as Amendment
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作者 Adama Sawadogo Innocent Yao Dotse Lawson +2 位作者 Hama Cissé Cheikna Zongo aly savadogo 《Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment》 2024年第1期1-12,共12页
Soil contamination by hydrocarbons poses numerous environmental, health and agricultural problems. The degradation of these pollutants can occur naturally but very slowly. It is therefore generally necessary to stimul... Soil contamination by hydrocarbons poses numerous environmental, health and agricultural problems. The degradation of these pollutants can occur naturally but very slowly. It is therefore generally necessary to stimulate this degradation by different means. Thus, this study aimed to improve the bio-degradation of diesel and crude oil in a Ghanaian soil by biostimulation. For this, the sampled soil was characterized by standard methods and contaminated with diesel and crude oil at a proportion of 1% (w/w). Then, contaminated soil samples were supplemented with biochar-compost, poultry manure or cow dung at the proportion of 10% (w/w). Periodically, fractions of these samples were taken to evaluate the density of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) and the residual quantities of diesel or crude oil. The characteristics of the soil used show the need for supplementation for better degradation of hydrocarbons. The results of the study show that supplementing the soil with organic substrates increases HUB loads in soils contaminated by diesel and crude oil. They also show that the residual quantities of diesel and crude oil are generally significantly lower in supplemented soils (p = 0.048 and p < 0.0001 respectively). In addition, the study shows that degradation was generally greater in soils contaminated by diesel compared to those contaminated by crude oil, especially at the end of the study. 展开更多
关键词 BIODEGRADATION BIOSTIMULATION SOIL DIESEL Crude Oil Organic Amendment Ghana
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Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae Species Isolated from Smoked, Dried, and Braised Fish Marketed in Ouagadougou 被引量:1
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作者 Arouna Ouédraogo Roukiatou Traoré +6 位作者 Ganamé Abasse Ouédraogo Namwin Siourimè Somda Hama Cissé Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu Francois Tchoumbougnang Cheikna Zongo aly savadogo 《Advances in Microbiology》 CAS 2023年第1期48-75,共28页
Background: To preserve its nutritional properties, fish must have good sanitary quality. The objective of this study was to investigate some pathogens contaminating smoked, dried, and braised fish marketed in Ouagado... Background: To preserve its nutritional properties, fish must have good sanitary quality. The objective of this study was to investigate some pathogens contaminating smoked, dried, and braised fish marketed in Ouagadougou. Methodology: Potential pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus were screened in eight (8) species of processed fish. The investigation of the germs was carried out following the normative methods of microbiology. The identities of the strains were determined by API 20 E (BioMerieux S.A., France) and API STAPH (BioMerieux S.A., France) kits for Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus species respectively. The uidA gene profile in Escherichia coli isolates was determined by simplex PCR. The identity of Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed by amplification of specific 23S rDNA regions and nuc gene profile with PCR. Results: A total of 235 fish samples were analyzed. A diversity of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus was detected. Twenty species of Enterobacteriaceae were identified among which, the most frequent were Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Raoultella ornithinolytica and Serratia odorifera, respectively in 22.6%, 4.3%, 28.9%, 17.4% of the samples analyzed. However, eleven species of Staphylococcus were identified among which, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Staphylococcus sciuri were the most frequent with respective percentages of 47.7%, 23.4%, 12.8% and 10.6% of samples. For all the samples, the species frequently isolated were: Raoultella ornithinolytica, Escherichia coli, Serratia odorifera, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. The uidA gene specific to Escherichia coli was detected in 82.85% of strains (29/35). Amplification of the specific 23S rDNA region using staur primers was observed in 98% (49/50) of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains and the nuc gene was detected in 86% of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Conclusion: The isolated bacteria are potential pathogens involved in foodborne illnesses and intoxications. Effective sanitary safety systems must be implemented to guarantee the sanitary quality of fish supplied to consumers. 展开更多
关键词 Fish Contamination ENTEROBACTERIACEAE Staphylococcus Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization OUAGADOUGOU
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Assessment of the Aflatoxin Content of Maize Flours Produced in the Commune of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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作者 Adama Sawadogo Raoul Bazié +3 位作者 Hama Cissé Latifatou Helbi Cheikna Zongo aly savadogo 《Food and Nutrition Sciences》 2023年第10期897-907,共11页
Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites present in various foods, especially when production and conservation do not respect good hygiene practices (GHP). In Ouagadougou, maize flour is produced and sold in different structu... Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites present in various foods, especially when production and conservation do not respect good hygiene practices (GHP). In Ouagadougou, maize flour is produced and sold in different structures by actors who do not always respect GHP. Thus, it is necessary to regularly control the quality of these flours. So, this is carried out with the aim to assess the aflatoxin content of maize flours produced in the municipality of Ouagadougou. For this, twenty-eight (28) samples were collected from households, markets and supermarkets in the city of Ouagadougou. Thus, LC/MS/MS analysis was used to assess the aflatoxin content of the samples. The results obtained reveal the presence of total aflatoxins (AFT) in 78.57% of samples analyzed with levels ranging from 0.89 to 64.25 μg/kg. The prevalence of different types of aflatoxins were 57.14% for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 46.43% for aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), 42.86% for aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and 4.6% for aflatoxin G2 (AFG2). The results also show that 80% and 60% of market samples, 70% and 30% of household samples and 37.5% and 25% of supermarket samples do not comply with European Commission standards for AFT and AFB1 respectively. For all the samples, 60.71% and 42.86% of the samples are compliant according to the limits established by the European Commission (EC) respectively for AFB1 and AFT. Regarding the results obtained, producers and processors must be supervised and trained in GHP for the production of better-quality flours. 展开更多
关键词 AFLATOXINS Maize Flour Sanitaty Quality LC/MS/MS OUAGADOUGOU Burkina Faso
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Phytosanitary Practices and Pesticide Levels in Fresh and Dried Mangoes Produced in Burkina Faso
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作者 Alain Gustave Yaguibou Souleymane Zio +4 位作者 Bakary Tarnagda François Tapsoba Soumaila Konaté Fulbert Nikiema aly savadogo 《Food and Nutrition Sciences》 2023年第6期509-525,共17页
Pesticides are used to control fruit flies and other potential crop pests, particularly mango in Burkina Faso. Pesticides are a potential health hazard for users and consumers and are a major constraint to the export ... Pesticides are used to control fruit flies and other potential crop pests, particularly mango in Burkina Faso. Pesticides are a potential health hazard for users and consumers and are a major constraint to the export and commercialization of mangoes. The objective of this study was to evaluate phytosanitary practices in orchards and pesticide residue levels in four varieties of fresh and dried mangoes (Amelie, Brooks, Kents and Lippens) produced in four localities in Burkina Faso in order to determine their health impact on consumers. Surveys on pesticide use and monitoring of phytosanitary practices were carried out among 16 orchard owners in the localities of Bobo-Dioulasso, Orodara, Toussiana and Banfora, a high mango production area. Also, a total of 120 samples, including 60 samples of fresh mangoes and dried 60 samples of dried mango were collected. A multi-residue method was developed to detect pesticide levels in the collected samples by gas chromatography with a micro-electron capture detector. The study revealed the use of unauthorized pesticides, often specifically for other crops, and a monitoring trapping network in the orchards against insects. 34 chemical pesticides were detected in 120 samples of all mango varieties collected. Pesticide residues were detected in 72% of the samples, and of the positive samples, 48.52% contained concentrations above the maximum residue limit permissibility. Organochlorine pesticide residues were present in fresh mangoes (60.5%) and a total of fifteen active compounds were detected in dried mangoes. The very poor management and use of pesticides found in these orchards could pose a threat to the productivity of natural ecosystems and the health of producers, processors and consumers. Awareness raising and training of producers on the knowledge of the risks linked to the use of pesticides and good practices are necessary to preserve the health of all. 展开更多
关键词 Phytosanitary Problems ORCHARDS MANGOES PESTICIDES Burkina Faso
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Overweight and Obesity: Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects (Preliminary Study of 64 Cases Followed in Dietetic Consultation and Review of the Literature)
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作者 Steve Léonce Zoungrana Marius Somé +3 位作者 Jean Luc Kambiré aly savadogo Aboubacar Ouattara Alfred S. Traoré 《Food and Nutrition Sciences》 2021年第11期1152-1163,共12页
Obesity and excess weight are on the rise in developing countries, which is a source of legitimate concern on the part of the institutions responsible for the health of populations. Overweight and obesity are the fift... Obesity and excess weight are on the rise in developing countries, which is a source of legitimate concern on the part of the institutions responsible for the health of populations. Overweight and obesity are the fifth most common risk factor for death worldwide, killing at least 2.8 million people each year. In view of the importance of the subject and the lack of sufficient data in our context, it seemed appropriate to us to carry out this preliminary work in Burkina Faso on a population of subjects followed in consultation with Nutrition and Dietetics. The general objective of our work, of a descriptive cross-sectional type, was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, biological and therapeutic aspects of obesity in a population of consultants, black Africans over a period of one year. The study concerned three (03) private care establishments (clinics) in the city of Ouagadougou in which a Nutrition and Dietetics consultation was available. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which concerned 64 patients followed in nutrition and dietetics consultations <span>from January 2 to December 31, 2012. The material of the study is repr</span>esented by the analysis of the files of 64 patients followed in consultation of Nutrition and Dietetics in three (03) medical clinics. The most affected age groups were 30 to 40 years (19 cases) and 40 to 50 years (18 cases);53 women (82.8%) and 11 men (17.2%), <i>i.e.</i> a sex ratio of 4.82. Among our patients, 12 people were overweight (18.75%), 23 had moderate type I obesity (35.94%), 15 severe type III (23.44%) and 14 had type III obesity massive (21.87%). Android-like obesity was predominant in 53 people (82.81%). Among our patients 16 (25%) presented with dyslipidemia, 49 (76.56%) had eating disorders. The most common cloudy snacking was observed in 33 people (67.35%). In terms of evolution and therapy, 31 people (48.44%) followed the diet at term;the others had either abandoned or discontinued treatment, namely therapeutic changes in lifestyles. A total of 51.56% were lost to follow-up. The mean duration of follow-up was 2.7 months. In sum, obesity mostly affects young adults (30 to 40 years old) and females, with a predominance of type I o<span>besity (moderate). Android-type obesity was predominant in both sexe</span>s. Preventive actions are needed for citizens of Ouagadougou. 展开更多
关键词 OVERWEIGHT Obesity Epidemiology Diagnosis OUAGADOUGOU
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Chilli Pepper (<i>Capsicum</i>Spp.) Diversity, Production and Fungal Contamination Management in Benin
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作者 Nicéphore M. Glodjinon Agossou P. Noumavo +5 位作者 Brice A. M. Ohin Noel S. Tovide Fatiou Toukourou Lamine Baba-Moussa aly savadogo Farid Baba-Moussa 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2021年第12期1859-1879,共21页
The present study was carried out in the form of a survey with the aim of listing and describing the technical itineraries of production, storage and conservation used in six departments of high production of chilli p... The present study was carried out in the form of a survey with the aim of listing and describing the technical itineraries of production, storage and conservation used in six departments of high production of chilli pepper in Benin. The survey was conducted on the basis of a questionnaire in the six departments of Benin: Ouémé, Plateau, Atlantic, Littoral, Zou and Collines. The survey collected information on the socio-economic characteristics of producers, the varieties of chilli pepper grown, and the current technical itineraries used for the production, storage and conservation of chilli pepper. On the other hand, it also gave an idea of the constraints that prevent the production of chilli pepper of good sanitary quality. The results of this survey show that three varieties of chilli peppers are the most produced and consumed in Benin. These are the Gbotakin variety (<i>Capsicum</i> <i>chinense</i>), the Afundja variety (<i>Capsicum</i> <i>annuum</i>) and the Danhomètakin variety (<i>Capsicum</i> <i>frutescens</i>). The technical itineraries related to the cultivation of these chilli peppers varieties are the same in the six study departments. Unfortunately, their contamination sometimes starts at the nursery stage, passing through the field where other contaminants are added and develop until harvest. After harvest, contamination can continue in storage and finally reach the consumer if proper measures are not taken. The inappropriate or inadequate use of phytosanitary products in the chilli pepper industry is also a source of illness for consumers of this vegetable fruit. Training of producers on the best technical itineraries for the production and storage of chilli peppers is essential to revitalize and develop this sector by improving the sanitary quality of the chilli peppers produced in Benin. 展开更多
关键词 Chilli Pepper Capsicum Spp. Technical Itineraries Fungal Contamination BENIN
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Antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,haemolytic and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from three selected Togolese medicinal plants 被引量:1
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作者 Simplice D Karou Tchadjobo Tchacondo +7 位作者 Lassina Ouattara Kokou Anani aly savadogo Amegnona Agbonon Mossaclok Ben Attaia Comlan de Souza Mohsen Sakly Jacques Simpore 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine》 SCIE CAS 2011年第10期808-813,共6页
Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three plants.Phytochemical analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also ... Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three plants.Phytochemical analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also carried out.Methods:The 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging,NCCLS broth microdilution and Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase(pLDH) assays were used to determine antioxidant,antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities,respectively.Haemolysis assay was conducted on A<sup>+</sup> human red blood cells and acute toxicity on male Swiss albino mice.Phenolics were quantitatively determined using spectrophotometric methods.Results:The DPPH assay yielded interesting antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Parinari curatellifolia(P.curatellifolia) and Entada africana (E.africana)(IC<sub>50</sub> were 0.20±0.01μg/mL and 0.47±0.01μg/mL,respectively).This activity was highly correlated with phenolic contents of extracts.The antimicrobial tests displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) values ranging from 0.90 to 1.80 mg/mL for Serratia marcescens (5.marcescens) the most susceptible bacterial strain.MIC value was 1.20 mg/mL for susceptible fungal strains including Mucor rouxi(M.rouxi),Fusarium oxyporum(F.oxyporum) and Rhizopus nigricans(R.nigricans).pLDH assay showed moderate antiplasmodial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca(B.aegyptiaca)(IC<sub>50</sub>= 24.56±3.45μg/mL),however this extract was highly haemolytic and toxic in mice(LD<sub>50</sub>= 625±128mg/kg).Conclusions:Our results support in part the use of the selected plants in the treatment of microbial infections.In addition the plant showed interesting antioxidant activity that could be useful in the management of oxidative stress. 展开更多
关键词 ANTIOXIDANT ANTIMICROBIAL Phenolics HAEMOLYTIC
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Study of the Nutritional Value and Hygienic Quality of Local Infant Flours from Chad, with the Aim of Their Use for Improved Infant Flours Preparation
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作者 Barnabas Kayalto Cheikna Zongo +3 位作者 Raketa W. Compaore aly savadogo Brahim B. Otchom Alfred S. Traore 《Food and Nutrition Sciences》 2013年第9期59-68,共10页
This study aims to develop infant flours fortified with iron and vitamin A, taken from local products such as powder from dried Moringa oleifera leaves and pulps of Parkia biglobosa to improve the nutritional status o... This study aims to develop infant flours fortified with iron and vitamin A, taken from local products such as powder from dried Moringa oleifera leaves and pulps of Parkia biglobosa to improve the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 24 months. Chemical analyses show that, for 100 g of local flours destined for children, there are adequate protein levels (between 7.00 ± 0.44 and 12.69 ± 0.44 g) and fat content (between 7.52 ± 0.35 and 16.26 ± 0.84 g), but that there are low levels of b-carotene and certain micronutrients Zn (0.67 ± 0.01 to 2.51 ± 0.19 mg), Fe (7.11 ± 0.90 to 12.70 ± 0.56 mg), Ca (0.67 ± 0.01 to 2.51 ± 0.19 mg), Mg (6.79 ± 0.19 to 24.99 ± 1.75 mg). Analyses of minerals and vitamins showed that Moringa oleifera leaf-powder (per 100 g) is rich in calcium (1443.90 ± 11.03 mg), magnesium (176.72 ± 0.73 mg), iron (53.75 ± 5.07 mg), zinc (17.58 ± 0.89 mg) and b-carotene (624.40 ± 0.41 μg ER). 100 g of Parkia biglobosa’s pulps is rich in magnesium (73.00 ± 1.14 mg), iron (14.82 ± 2.49 mg), zinc (7.79 ± 0.44 mg) and vitamin C (75.29 ± 0.00 mg). In conclusion, we believe that these two ingredients can be effectively used to fortify local infant flours in vitamin A and iron and contribute to eradicating malnutrition due to micronutrients deficiencies. 展开更多
关键词 CHILDHOOD FLOURS NUTRITIONAL Value Hygienic Quality FORTIFICATION CHAD
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Nutritional and Clinical Rehabilitation of Severely Malnourished Children with <i>Moringa oleifera Lam</i>. Leaf Powder in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
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作者 Urbain Zongo Steve Léonce Zoungrana +1 位作者 aly savadogo Alfred S. Traoré 《Food and Nutrition Sciences》 2013年第9期991-997,共7页
Malnutrition in all its forms remains one of the most serious and neglected health problem. This longitudinal study referred pragmatic was carried out, which tested or aimed to assess the impact of Moringa leaf powder... Malnutrition in all its forms remains one of the most serious and neglected health problem. This longitudinal study referred pragmatic was carried out, which tested or aimed to assess the impact of Moringa leaf powder on the nutritional status of malnourished children. It was a pilot study in Ouagadougou severely malnourished children using Moringa as a nutritional supplement. We investigated the correlations and the impact of Moringa leaf powder on the nutritional status. A sample of 110 children aged 6 59 months were recruited and randomly selected and assigned to two treatments Group I and Group II. They received the CREN’s standard nutritional care diet but the Group I received more dose of 10 g of Moringa leaf powder per day. At the end, a significant improvement in the key parameters was recorded in both groups. However, the group receiving the Moringa supplement recorded a higher average weight gain (8.9 ± 4.3 g/kg/day, against 5.7 ± 2.72 g/kg/day in Group II) and a quicker recovery rate, with an average stay of 36 ± 16.54 days, against 57 ± 19.20 days amongst those not receiving the Moringa supplement. There is no significant improvement in hemoglobin rate in either group (p = 0.060 Group I, p = 0.063 Group II). Tolerability was considered to be good, as there were no recorded cases of medical admittance, no any occurrence of digestive disorders. The supplementation of Moringa leaf powder appears to be effective in improving the nutritional recovery of severely malnourished children. 展开更多
关键词 MALNUTRITION ANTHROPOMETRIC Parameters HEMOGLOBIN Side Effects Moringa Leaves
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Surgical Site Infection (SSI) in the National Referral General Hospital of Ndjamena (Chad): Survey about Risk Factors
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作者 Hassan Mahamat Ali Yeri Esther Hien +7 位作者 Cheikna Zongo Denis Erbi Ali Haroun Hissein François Tapsoba Abacar Mahamat Tahir Brahim Adoum Ahamt Yves Traore aly savadogo 《Journal of Biosciences and Medicines》 2021年第5期1-11,共11页
The risk to develop an infection after surgery depends on several factors. Those factors may be interdependent or not, depending on the nature of the surgery and the general condition of the patient. The aim of the pr... The risk to develop an infection after surgery depends on several factors. Those factors may be interdependent or not, depending on the nature of the surgery and the general condition of the patient. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors involved in the occurrence of the Surgical Site Infections (SSI) in the <strong><em>National referral general hospital </em></strong>of N’djamena (Chad). We first realized an interview in the emergency services and in the general surgery of the hospital. The information collected allowed us to draw up survey sheets. An investigation was then conducted on 152 patients who had surgery and were hospitalized during the study period. The frequency of the SSI was 33.6% (51/152). The main risk factors that we identified were the duration of hospitalization, the category of the hospitalization room, the urgent aspect of the surgical intervention, the patient’s nutritional status and the associated diseases with diabetes, which was present in 52.38% (11/21) of cases of associated pathologies. Analysis of the antibiotic prophylaxis administered to patients showed that ciprofloxacin was more effective in SSI prevention. Indeed, this antibiotic showed the fewest cases of infection with only 1.9% of patients having developed SSI. Our results show a very high frequency of SSI at the <strong><em>National referral general hospital</em></strong> of N’djamena. Poor hospital practices and factors associated to patients seem to be the most factors implicated in the SSI. 展开更多
关键词 Surgical Site Infections Risk Factors Nutritional Status Associated Diseases CHAD
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Fermentation Effect on the Nutrient and Antinutrient Composition of <i>Senegalia macrostachya</i>and <i>Parkia biglobosa</i>Seeds: A Comparative Study
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作者 Aimée W. D. B. Guissou Charles Parkouda +3 位作者 Coulibaly K. Anaïs Traoré Korotimi Edwige Bahanla Oboulbiga aly savadogo 《Food and Nutrition Sciences》 2020年第7期726-740,共15页
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the fermentation on the nutrient and antinutrient composition of <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><spa... This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the fermentation on the nutrient and antinutrient composition of <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span></span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Senegalia</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>macrostachya</i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span></span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Parkia</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>biglobosa</i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span></span></i><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">seeds</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> For condiments production, the raw seeds were cleaned, cooked, drained</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, washed, cooked, drained and fermented. Results show that the pH increased (from 6.09 to 7.76 and from 6.99 to 7.92) from the onset of the fermentation till 48 h during fermentation of </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span></span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Senegalia</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>macrostachya</i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span></span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Parkia</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>biglobosa</i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> seeds respectively. Biochemical analyses revealed a slight increase in water content, ashes, lipids, minerals and a decrease in total carbohydrate for the two products. The fermentation of </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span></span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Senegalia</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>macrostachya</i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span></span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Parkia</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>biglobosa</i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> seeds reduced the initial phytates content by 38.21% and 41.37% respectively. Fermented seeds of </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span></span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Senegalia</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>macrostachya</i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span></span></i><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are rich in protein </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(59.59 ± 0.74 g/100g DM), potassium and magnesium (1076.74 ± 37.49 mg/100</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DM and 111.63 ± 06 mg/100g DM respectively) with an appreciable iron content (26.27 ± 0.06 mg/100g DM). Given its nutritional composition, fermented seeds of </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span></span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Senegalia</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>macrostachya</i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> could be used as an alternative to </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></i></span></span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">soumbala</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in areas where it is not available.</span></span></span> 展开更多
关键词 Senegalia macrostachya Parkia biglobosa FERMENTATION NUTRIENTS PHYTATES
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Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing Bacteriocin like Inhibitory Substance (BLIS) from “Gappal”, a Dairy Product from Burkina Faso
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作者 Abel Tankoano Michel Bakar Diop +4 位作者 Hagrétou Sawadogo-Lingani Malick Mbengue Donatien Kaboré Yves Traoré aly savadogo 《Advances in Microbiology》 2019年第4期343-358,共16页
Indigenous fermented foods are known for their nutritional and functional properties but they are often spoiled by pathogenic bacteria that can constitute a food safety problem. “Gappal” is a no-thermal treat food b... Indigenous fermented foods are known for their nutritional and functional properties but they are often spoiled by pathogenic bacteria that can constitute a food safety problem. “Gappal” is a no-thermal treat food based on millet dough and milk and its production conditions can constitute a food safety problem. The aim of this study was to screen and identify LAB producing Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances using a matrix similar to “Gappal”. The detection of potential BLIS was first performed using overlaid method after enrichment of samples in whey and millet dough. The isolates demonstrating inhibiting area were preselected, purified and tested for the presence of antibacterial properties using their neutralized cell-free culture supernatant and subsequently treated with catalase in combination with protease, pepsin or trypsin. The antimicrobial effect of two isolates (Gbf48 and Gbf50) after growth on MRS broth over 12 h at 30?C were active against E. faecalis ATCC 19433, M. luteus ATCC 49732, S. aureus ATCC 2523, L. monocytogenes, B. megaterium, B. sphaericus and B. cereus with an activity of 2560 AU/mL. The 16S RNA gene sequencing identification indicated that these isolates are Pediococcus acidilactici. Gbf 48 and Gbf 50 could be used to improve preservative factors for a controlled fermentation of non thermal treatment fermented food for their potential of acidification adds to BLIS production. 展开更多
关键词 BACTERIOCIN LACTIC Acid BACTERIA PEDIOCOCCUS acidilactici “Gappal” Burkina Faso
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Quality of Human Urine Used as Fertilizer: Case of an Ecological Sanitation System in Ouagadougou Peri-Urban Areas-Burkina Faso
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作者 Joseph M. Makaya aly savadogo +3 位作者 Marius K. Somda Jean-Baptiste Bour Nicolas Barro Alfred S. Traoré 《Journal of Environmental Protection》 2014年第6期467-474,共8页
The use in agriculture of excreta from urine-diversion toilets can be an alternative solution to the lack of sanitation and high costs of mineral fertilizers inherent to developing countries. The objective of this stu... The use in agriculture of excreta from urine-diversion toilets can be an alternative solution to the lack of sanitation and high costs of mineral fertilizers inherent to developing countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic quality of urine used as fertilizer through an ecological sanitation system in Ouagadougou peri-urban areas. Chemical and microbiological analyses were performed in urine samples taken before and after thirty (30) days of storage in jerry cans exposed to sunlight. The concentrations of 7.0 g/l;3.5 and 9.6 g/l of ammonia nitrogen for mean, minimum and maximum respectively, are obtained in unstored urine samples. These concentrations did not practically vary with the storage. On average, values of other chemical parameters analyzed in stored urine were as follows: pH, 8.8;phosphorus (P), 0.3 g/l;potassium (K), 1.9 g/l;total dissolved solids (TDS), 21.0 g/l;cadmium (Cd), 154.3 μg/l;copper (Cu), 5.2 μg/l;lead (Pb), 15.2 μg/l;chromium (Cr), 6.1 μg/l;nickel (Ni), 154.0 μg/l. Escherichia coli, staphylococci, enterococci, Salmonella and spores of Clostridium perfringens were detected in unstored urine samples, with 26% of fecal contamination rate. The time of storage (30 days) under sunlight was enough for almost all bacteria removal in urine samples. Although the fertilizing value of urine was confirmed, it would be important to take account of the best practices on applying in soils, because of the high TDS contents. Also, the risk linked to micropollutants in urine-based fertilizers could be negligible in view of low quantities. The results obtained in this study prove that after 30 days of exposure to sunlight urine collected via eco-toilet becomes bacteriologically sanitized, and can therefore be used to fertilize soils. However, it is necessary to demonstrate the inactivation of other groups of enteric microorganisms in human urine during storage. 展开更多
关键词 Human URINE Storage Hygienic QUALITY MICROPOLLUTANTS ENTERIC Bacteria FERTILIZER
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Impact of Health and Nutrition Interventions in the Prevention and Recovery of Child Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2010 to 2020: Review Article
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作者 Sibiri Bougma Fatoumata Hama-Ba +6 位作者 Franck Garanet Jeanne d’Arc Wendmintiri Kabre Flibert Guira Hama Cissé Bakary Tarnagda Souleymane Zio aly savadogo 《Health》 CAS 2022年第7期810-831,共22页
Malnutrition is still a widespread public health problem worldwide. The objective of this review is to identify the most effective nutrition programs used in the prevention and management of child malnutrition in chil... Malnutrition is still a widespread public health problem worldwide. The objective of this review is to identify the most effective nutrition programs used in the prevention and management of child malnutrition in children under five years. Also, it is to suggest courses of action to improve interventions in the fight against malnutrition. The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and food diversification improves the mothers’ knowledge and contributes to prevention of malnutrition. Food supplementation increases the weight/height ratio of malnourished children. The two programs combined bring better results on mothers’ feeding practices and children’s anthropometric data. This review has highlighted the importance of food supplementation and nutritional education in the management and prevention of child malnutrition. In addition, the combination of several approaches to good dietary practices brings better results. Finally, primary prevention can protect children from the harmful consequences of malnutrition. 展开更多
关键词 MALNUTRITION Nutritional Education BREASTFEEDING Supplementation
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Molecular Characterization and Technological Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Bacillus and Yeast of Probiotic Interest Isolated from Fermented Porridges
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作者 Boureima Kagambèga Namwin Siourimè Somda +3 位作者 Hama Cissé Oumarou Zongo Yves Traoré aly savadogo 《Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology》 CAS 2022年第7期284-297,共14页
Cereal-based porridges are among fermented foods with a composite microbiota. The objective of this work is to characterize the microbiota of porridge. Samples of porridge were collected in Ouagadougou and analyzed ac... Cereal-based porridges are among fermented foods with a composite microbiota. The objective of this work is to characterize the microbiota of porridge. Samples of porridge were collected in Ouagadougou and analyzed according to standard methods in microbiology. The presumed strains obtained were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Technological abilities were estimated by tests for resistance to acid pH, bile, antibiotics and antimicrobial, proteolytic and lipolytic activities. All presumptive Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast were characterized by PCR. Four (BC1a;BC9b;BC2a and BC1b) strains were confirmed to Bacillus by PCR, 6 strains to Lactobacillus and only to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All strains were sensitive to two antibiotics gentamycin and imipenem. In contrast, all strains were resistant to oxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, streptomycin, penicillin and ticarcillin. Strains tested were resistant to bile but in terms of pH this resistance was relative. Potential probiotic strains have been shown to be effective in inhibiting pathogens. Proteolytic and lipolytic activities were positive on all strains. The characterization of strains, although concerned with a non-exhaustive list of primers, has made it possible to confirm the strains that may be of good quality probiotics if a quantitative study is carried out on technological aptitudes. 展开更多
关键词 BACILLUS Lactic Bacteria YEAST Porridge Probiotic
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Identification of Bacteria Strains Isolated in Urinary Tract Infections and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility at the National Public Health Laboratory, Ouagadougou
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作者 Sandrine Ouedraogo Dissinviel Stéphane Kpoda +7 位作者 Lamoussa Paul Ouattara Cheikna Zongo Yéri Esther Hien Paulette Karfo Désiré Nezien Elie Kabre Algas Barreda Pillar aly savadogo 《Open Journal of Medical Microbiology》 CAS 2022年第3期83-95,共13页
Background: Urinary tract infections are still a real public health concern. The aim of this study was to identify the bacteria strains involved in urinary tract infections and to determine their antibiotic resistance... Background: Urinary tract infections are still a real public health concern. The aim of this study was to identify the bacteria strains involved in urinary tract infections and to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles. Methods: Two kinds of studies were performed. The retrospective study was carried out for 2 years (from January 2018 to December 2019), and the prospective study was extended over a period of 6 months (from January to June 2020). Isolation and identification of bacteria strains were performed using conventional microbiology techniques. The strains’ resistance profiles were determined by the diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton according to the criteria of EUCAST- 2015. Fourteen (14) antibiotic discs were used depending on the isolated germ. Results: A total of 187 bacterial strains were isolated from 82 men and 105 women. Among the germs identified, 77.54% were Enterobacteriaceae and 13.36% were cocci strains. Non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli accounted for 9.08% of the isolated bacteria. The results showed that the majority of Enterobacteriaceae strains were resistant to beta-lactams: 100% to amoxicillin, 98.75% to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, 41.76% to ceftriaxone, and 43.14% to ceftazidime. These findings were obtained with fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides: 50.09% with ciprofloxacin, 54.04% with norfloxacin, and 22.58% with amikacin. 8.75% of the Enterobacteriaceae strains tested were resistant to imipenem. The same trends were observed with non-fer- mentative bacteria. As for the gram-positive bacteria isolated during our study, 13.33% were resistant to vancomycin, 21.05% to gentamicin, 94.12% to penicillin G, 88.89% to ampicillin, 77.78% to cefotaxime, 63.63% to kanamycin, and 52.63% to erythromycin. Conclusion: This study revealed, as in other studies, that Enterobacteriaceae strains remain the most incriminated bacteria strains in urinary tract infections, with a strong resistance to antibiotics. It is important that actions be taken to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections and mitigate the spread of resistant bacteria. 展开更多
关键词 Urinary Tract Infections ENTEROBACTERIACEAE Antibiotic Resistance OUAGADOUGOU
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