Photoionization can generally be decomposed into a photoabsorption process plus a half-scattering process.The streaking time delay observed in the attosecond streak camera,correspondingly,can be decomposed into a phot...Photoionization can generally be decomposed into a photoabsorption process plus a half-scattering process.The streaking time delay observed in the attosecond streak camera,correspondingly,can be decomposed into a photoabsorption time delay and a continuum time delay.We propose a self-consistent method to account for the potential-laser coupling effect and extract the intrinsic absorption time delay,without invoking an implicit assumption of a constant continuum correction made in previous streaking studies.The concept is based on an iterative technique starting from an initial guess of the absorption time delay and using classical electron trajectories to consistently remove the coupling-induced momentum shift to the streak signal.We show that the self-consistent iterative algorithm converges quickly and is robust against different initial guesses.The method is applied to laser-induced ionization of atoms to obtain the absorption time delay in resonant two-photon ionization and to explore possible time delays in above-threshold ionization.The results confirm an absorption time delay linearly dependent on the ionizing pulse duration in resonant two-photon ionization.The method is also shown to perform better than conventional methods and to identify a small negative absorption time delay(less than 2 attoseconds) in above-threshold ionization.展开更多
Objectives:To test for differences in overall and recurrence-free survival between laparoscopic and open surgical approaches in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy(RNU)for upper tract urothelial carcinoma(U...Objectives:To test for differences in overall and recurrence-free survival between laparoscopic and open surgical approaches in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy(RNU)for upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC).Materials and methods:We retrospectively identified patients treated for UTUC from 2010 to 2020 from our institutional database.Patients undergoing laparoscopic or open RNU with no suspicion of metastasis(cM0)were for the current study population.Patients with suspected metastases at diagnosis(cM1)or those undergoing other surgical treatments were excluded.Tabulation was performed according to the laparoscopic versus open surgical approach.Kaplan-Meier plots were used to test for differences in overall and recurrence-free survival with regard to the surgical approach.Furthermore,separate Kaplan-Meier plots were used to test the effect of preoperative ureterorenoscopy on overall and recurrence-free survival within the overall study cohort.Results:Of the 59 patients who underwent nephroureterectomy,29%(n=17)underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy,whereas 71%(n=42)underwent open nephroureterectomy.Patient and tumor characteristics were comparable between groups(p≥0.2).The median overall survival was 93 and 73 months in the laparoscopic nephroureterectomy group compared to the open nephroureterectomy group(p=0.5),respectively.The median recurrence-free survival did not differ between open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomies(73 months for both groups;p=0.9).Furthermore,the median overall and recurrence-free survival rates did not differ between patients treated with and without preoperative ureterorenoscopy.Conclusions:The results of this retrospective,single-center institution showed that overall and recurrence-free survival rates did not differ between patients with UTUC treated with laparoscopic and open RNU.Furthermore,preoperative ureterorenoscopy before RNU was not associated with higher overall or recurrence-free survival rates.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.92150105,12227807,and 12241407)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant Nos.21ZR1420100,and 23JC1402000)support by a grant from the U.S.Department of Energy,Division of Chemical Sciences,Atomic,Molecular and Optical Sciences Program (Grant No.DESC0001771)。
文摘Photoionization can generally be decomposed into a photoabsorption process plus a half-scattering process.The streaking time delay observed in the attosecond streak camera,correspondingly,can be decomposed into a photoabsorption time delay and a continuum time delay.We propose a self-consistent method to account for the potential-laser coupling effect and extract the intrinsic absorption time delay,without invoking an implicit assumption of a constant continuum correction made in previous streaking studies.The concept is based on an iterative technique starting from an initial guess of the absorption time delay and using classical electron trajectories to consistently remove the coupling-induced momentum shift to the streak signal.We show that the self-consistent iterative algorithm converges quickly and is robust against different initial guesses.The method is applied to laser-induced ionization of atoms to obtain the absorption time delay in resonant two-photon ionization and to explore possible time delays in above-threshold ionization.The results confirm an absorption time delay linearly dependent on the ionizing pulse duration in resonant two-photon ionization.The method is also shown to perform better than conventional methods and to identify a small negative absorption time delay(less than 2 attoseconds) in above-threshold ionization.
文摘Objectives:To test for differences in overall and recurrence-free survival between laparoscopic and open surgical approaches in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy(RNU)for upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC).Materials and methods:We retrospectively identified patients treated for UTUC from 2010 to 2020 from our institutional database.Patients undergoing laparoscopic or open RNU with no suspicion of metastasis(cM0)were for the current study population.Patients with suspected metastases at diagnosis(cM1)or those undergoing other surgical treatments were excluded.Tabulation was performed according to the laparoscopic versus open surgical approach.Kaplan-Meier plots were used to test for differences in overall and recurrence-free survival with regard to the surgical approach.Furthermore,separate Kaplan-Meier plots were used to test the effect of preoperative ureterorenoscopy on overall and recurrence-free survival within the overall study cohort.Results:Of the 59 patients who underwent nephroureterectomy,29%(n=17)underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy,whereas 71%(n=42)underwent open nephroureterectomy.Patient and tumor characteristics were comparable between groups(p≥0.2).The median overall survival was 93 and 73 months in the laparoscopic nephroureterectomy group compared to the open nephroureterectomy group(p=0.5),respectively.The median recurrence-free survival did not differ between open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomies(73 months for both groups;p=0.9).Furthermore,the median overall and recurrence-free survival rates did not differ between patients treated with and without preoperative ureterorenoscopy.Conclusions:The results of this retrospective,single-center institution showed that overall and recurrence-free survival rates did not differ between patients with UTUC treated with laparoscopic and open RNU.Furthermore,preoperative ureterorenoscopy before RNU was not associated with higher overall or recurrence-free survival rates.
