Vehicle to grid is an emerging technology that utilizes plug in hybrid electric vehicle batteries to benefit electric utilities during times when the vehicle is parked and connected to the electric grid. In its curren...Vehicle to grid is an emerging technology that utilizes plug in hybrid electric vehicle batteries to benefit electric utilities during times when the vehicle is parked and connected to the electric grid. In its current form however, vehicle to grid implementation poses many challenges that may not be easily overcome and many existing studies neglect critical aspects such as battery cost or driving profiles. The goal of this research is to ease some of these challenges by examining a vehicle to grid scenario on a university campus, as an example of a commercial campus, based on time of use electricity rates. An analysis of this scenario is conducted on a vehicle battery as well as a stationary battery for comparison. It is found that vehicle to campus and a stationary battery both have the potential to prove economical based on battery cost and electricity rates.展开更多
With a high penetration of Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in the electric grid, utilities will have to face the challenges related to them. Considerable research is being done to study and mitigate the impact of PEV...With a high penetration of Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in the electric grid, utilities will have to face the challenges related to them. Considerable research is being done to study and mitigate the impact of PEVs on the electric grid and devise methodologies to utilize them for energy storage and distributed generation. In this paper, the impact of PEVs in a smart car park, placed in an unbalanced distribution system, during a Single Line to Ground fault with auto-recloser operation is studied. Level-2, bidirectional battery chargers with Current Controlled and Voltage Controlled Voltage Source Converters are modeled for the battery charging systems of the PEVs. A smart car park, with 16 vehicles connected to each of the three phases is simulated at one of the buses in the IEEE 13 Bus Test Feeder. The impacts observed during the fault are analyzed and a method to mitigate them is suggested.展开更多
Many existing studies seek to examine and mitigate possible impacts which plug in vehicle (PEV) charging will have on electric utilities. As PEVs increase in popularity, car parks will have to be built in order to all...Many existing studies seek to examine and mitigate possible impacts which plug in vehicle (PEV) charging will have on electric utilities. As PEVs increase in popularity, car parks will have to be built in order to allow for charging while away from home. Existing studies fail to consider the unbalance conditions in the distribution feeders to car parks during PEV charging. This paper presents an innovative idea to improve the unbalance conditions caused by a car park by reconfiguring PEV charger connections to a three-phase system. Although the developed algorithm is simple, results show its ability to balance the power among the phases. A car park is used as an example to show that balancing of the real power drawn by PEV chargers in a parking structure is a success.展开更多
Many distribution systems operate under unbalanced loading conditions due to the connection of single phase loads to a three phase system. As PHEVs become more prevalent, it is expected that this unbalance will be fur...Many distribution systems operate under unbalanced loading conditions due to the connection of single phase loads to a three phase system. As PHEVs become more prevalent, it is expected that this unbalance will be further exacerbated due to the power draws from single phase chargers. Unbalanced loads reduce the overall system operating efficiency and power transfer capability of assets. In this paper, a new method of mitigating real power unbalance is suggested. It works by selecting which of the three phases that each single phase PHEV charger in a car park should be connected to. The algorithm is then tested on a simulation model of a real world distribution system. Using the balancing algorithm, balancing of the real power flowing through the feeder to the car park is accomplished.展开更多
文摘Vehicle to grid is an emerging technology that utilizes plug in hybrid electric vehicle batteries to benefit electric utilities during times when the vehicle is parked and connected to the electric grid. In its current form however, vehicle to grid implementation poses many challenges that may not be easily overcome and many existing studies neglect critical aspects such as battery cost or driving profiles. The goal of this research is to ease some of these challenges by examining a vehicle to grid scenario on a university campus, as an example of a commercial campus, based on time of use electricity rates. An analysis of this scenario is conducted on a vehicle battery as well as a stationary battery for comparison. It is found that vehicle to campus and a stationary battery both have the potential to prove economical based on battery cost and electricity rates.
文摘With a high penetration of Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in the electric grid, utilities will have to face the challenges related to them. Considerable research is being done to study and mitigate the impact of PEVs on the electric grid and devise methodologies to utilize them for energy storage and distributed generation. In this paper, the impact of PEVs in a smart car park, placed in an unbalanced distribution system, during a Single Line to Ground fault with auto-recloser operation is studied. Level-2, bidirectional battery chargers with Current Controlled and Voltage Controlled Voltage Source Converters are modeled for the battery charging systems of the PEVs. A smart car park, with 16 vehicles connected to each of the three phases is simulated at one of the buses in the IEEE 13 Bus Test Feeder. The impacts observed during the fault are analyzed and a method to mitigate them is suggested.
文摘Many existing studies seek to examine and mitigate possible impacts which plug in vehicle (PEV) charging will have on electric utilities. As PEVs increase in popularity, car parks will have to be built in order to allow for charging while away from home. Existing studies fail to consider the unbalance conditions in the distribution feeders to car parks during PEV charging. This paper presents an innovative idea to improve the unbalance conditions caused by a car park by reconfiguring PEV charger connections to a three-phase system. Although the developed algorithm is simple, results show its ability to balance the power among the phases. A car park is used as an example to show that balancing of the real power drawn by PEV chargers in a parking structure is a success.
文摘Many distribution systems operate under unbalanced loading conditions due to the connection of single phase loads to a three phase system. As PHEVs become more prevalent, it is expected that this unbalance will be further exacerbated due to the power draws from single phase chargers. Unbalanced loads reduce the overall system operating efficiency and power transfer capability of assets. In this paper, a new method of mitigating real power unbalance is suggested. It works by selecting which of the three phases that each single phase PHEV charger in a car park should be connected to. The algorithm is then tested on a simulation model of a real world distribution system. Using the balancing algorithm, balancing of the real power flowing through the feeder to the car park is accomplished.
