DC-FIPD: Fraudulent IP Identification Method Based on Homology Detection

Currently,telecom fraud is expanding from the traditional telephone network to the Internet,and identifying fraudulent IPs is of great significance for reducing Internet telecom fraud and protecting consumer rights.However,existing telecom fraud identification methods based on blacklists,reputation,content and behavioral characteristics have good identification performance in the telephone network,but it is difficult to apply to the Internet where IP(Internet Protocol)addresses change dynamically.To address this issue,we propose a fraudulent IP identification method based on homology detection and DBSCAN(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise)clustering(DC-FIPD).First,we analyze the aggregation of fraudulent IP geographies and the homology of IP addresses.Next,the collected fraudulent IPs are clustered geographically to obtain the regional distribution of fraudulent IPs.Then,we constructed the fraudulent IP feature set,used the genetic optimization algorithm to determine the weights of the fraudulent IP features,and designed the calculation method of the IP risk value to give the risk value threshold of the fraudulent IP.Finally,the risk value of the target IP is calculated and the IP is identified based on the risk value threshold.Experimental results on a real-world telecom fraud detection dataset show that the DC-FIPD method achieves an average identification accuracy of 86.64%for fraudulent IPs.Additionally,the method records a precision of 86.08%,a recall of 45.24%,and an F1-score of 59.31%,offering a comprehensive evaluation of its performance in fraud detection.These results highlight the DC-FIPD method’s effectiveness in addressing the challenges of fraudulent IP identification.

“技术崇拜”与“漠视竞争”:青年草根滑板组织的社群特征

滑板社群是由青年主导的草根体育组织。运用参与式观察与访谈法深入探究滑板社群特征。研究认为:(1)“技术崇拜”赋予“个人运动”的圈群化聚集意义。滑板社群基于滑板技术的亚文化资本积累方式建立“新秩序”,确立社群边界、完成内部分层并联系社群成员关系。(2)“漠视竞争”保留“随聚随散”的圈群化活动特征。滑板社群的技术传习过程强调独立实践,基于平等互助形成“展示-互鉴”的群体传习方式。技术评价过程强调“真实性”,忠实于“内行”评价,理性崇拜技术本身,通过仪式化活动唤起共鸣。(3)滑板社群的生存之道在于达成“技术崇拜”和“漠视竞争”两种社群特征之间的平衡。根据滑板社群特征,提出意识、制度、赛事等方面的引导建议。

The expectancy-value theory:A meta-analysis of its application in physical education

Background:The purpose of motivating students is to enhance their learning achievement.The expectancy-value theory(EVT)has demonstrated its efficacy in motivating students in classrooms and in gymnasia.Understanding student motivation in physical education is needed.This metaanalysis review aimed to reveal the determinants and functions of EVT by evaluating the evidence in physical education research.Methods:We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines to identify and meta-analyze the current research literature published from January 2010 to December 2020 by generating and analyzing the effect sizes from the studies.Results:A total of 31 studies were included.The results show that social support,motivation of teachers and peers,and positive class climate can predict student EVT motivation.EVT motivation predicts student learning behaviors,situational interests,fitness performance,health behavior function,out-of-school physical activity,and physical skill development.Conclusion:EVT motivation could facilitate learning behaviors and situational interest development in the gymnasium.It might lead to fitness enhancement,health behavior change,out-of-school physical activity participation,and physical skill development.Fostering a learning environment with a mastery-centered and/or student autonomy approach where students perceived success and the task values can enhance and maximize student EVT motivation and learning achievement.

姜黄素通过抑制心肌组织炎症反应改善自身免疫性心肌炎大鼠的心功能

目的观察姜黄素对自身免疫性心肌炎大鼠心脏功能的影响。方法建立自身免疫心肌炎(EAM)大鼠模型。18只6周龄Lewis大鼠随机分为对照组,模型组(EAM组)及姜黄素组(Cur组),使用玉米油或姜黄素灌胃处理21 d。实验第22天心动超声检测并评价大鼠心脏的结构及功能变化后处死大鼠;RT-PCR检测心肌炎症相关指标IL-1β、i NOS、MMR、KLF-4、Arg-1的mRNA表达;HE染色观察大鼠心肌炎症细胞浸润程度并计算HE染色病理评分。结果心动超声结果显示:EAM组较对照组大鼠左室收缩末内径增大,射血分数下降,心率明显增快,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);姜黄素干预心肌炎大鼠后,Cur组较EAM组大鼠左室收缩末内径缩小,射血分数明显改善,心率减慢,且差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。RTPCR结果显示,Cur组大鼠较EAM组大鼠心肌炎症因子IL-1β及i NOS表达显著降低(P<0.01),抗炎因子MMR、KLF-4、Arg-1表达明显升高(P<0.05)。HE染色后可观察到姜黄素干预后大鼠心肌细胞炎症浸润程度较EAM组明显改善,HE染色病理评分降低。结论黄素通过抑制心肌组织炎症反应改善自身免疫性心肌炎大鼠心功能。

高原徒步登山中急性高原病的风险因素及预防建议——基于贡嘎山徒步登山路线的实证研究

急性高原病(acute mountain sickness,AMS)是导致高原徒步登山事故发生的主要风险之一。系统综述、田野调查等方法的使用,有助于深入分析风险因素,梳理风险发生过程。经实地研究发现,贡嘎山自然环境变幻莫测,徒步登山者受到“封闭空间”的限制,只能依赖“轨迹重叠”的路线行进,导致难以制定更加科学、合理的行程计划;从社会环境而言,徒步登山者缺乏获取专业知识和信息的渠道,管理者也未能合理限制徒步登山区域,导致事故救援处于被动局面;徒步登山者往往仅凭个人经验评估身体状况,低估了高原徒步登山的风险,非理性的风险观念导致其采取错误行为;从装备维度而言,风险发生具有延后性,最终与其他因素共同影响徒步登山者的安全状态。以此形成由前因、经过、结果组成的AMS风险发生模型。风险因素激发后,徒步登山者应当及时识别并控制病情发展,增强救援能力避免事故损失进一步扩大。建议:建造生态步道,降低环境风险;拓展教育渠道,普及预防知识;建立信息平台,强化风险识别;完善救援体系,提供安全保障。

Prevalence and correlates of meeting the muscle-strengthening exercise recommendations among Chinese children and adolescents:Results from 2019 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study

Purpose This study aimed to describe the national prevalence of Chinese children and adolescents who met the World Health Organization muscle-strengthening exercise(MSE)recommendations and identify correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations.Methods Cross-sectional data from the 2019 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study,a nationally representative sample of Chinese children and adolescents(n=80,413;mean age=13.7 years;53.9%girls)and their parents,were analyzed.Children and adolescents who reported engaging≥3 days(up to 7 days)of MSE per week were classified as meeting the MSE recommendations.MSE,demographics,lifestyle behaviors(sport participation,moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,screen time,and sleep duration),exercise intention,peer and parental support,and parental MSE participation were assessed through self-reports.Logistic regression models were used to determine the correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations.The analyses were completed in 2020.Results Overall,39.3%of children and adolescents met the MSE recommendations.Girls,10th-12th graders,minorities,those from lower income households and those from families with lower parental education were less likely to meet the MSE recommendations.Children and adolescents who were proficient in≥2 sports were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.44,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26-1.65),as were those with more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(aOR=1.57,95%CI:1.53-1.61).Additionally,children and adolescents with high exercise intention(aOR=1.60,95%CI:1.51-1.69),those whose parents met the adult MSE recommendations(aOR=1.46,95%CI:1.40-1.52),and those who received high peer(aOR=1.27,95%CI:1.20-1.34)and parental support(aOR=1.07,95%CI:1.04-1.12)were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations.Conclusion Less than two-fifths of Chinese children and adolescents met the World Health Organization MSE recommendations.The correlates identified in our study can help inform the development of school and community based strategies and policies to enhance participation in MSE and improve muscular fitness of all Chinese children and adolescents.

Main issues in research and practice of environmental protection for water conservancy and hydropower projects in China

In this paper,we generally summarize the main issues in the operational period of water conservancy and hydropower projects in China over the past several decades.First,the adverse impacts of these projects since the technical guidelines were proposed in 2006 are analyzed.Then,combined with projects and experience from 2006 to 2014,the four main issues are summarized:(1) There exist many questions in the design and construction of fishways,which are useful for fish migration,and the migration effects are not as expected.(2) Temperature stratification affecting the downstream fish is the major impact of temperature,and alters fish spawning in the reproduction season.(3)Ecological base flow has been one of the primary questions of the last 30 years in China,the greatest related difficulty being quantification of the amount and flow process necessary to satisfy fish life history.(4) Fish habitat protection and restoration are popular topics in recent years with the development of river ecosystem restoration.Fish habitat loss due to the impacts of dam construction and habitat fragmentation has become more and more serious.These four issues are now the main difficulties in water project management,and interact with one another to bear combined effects on river ecosystems.The issues of eco-hydraulic consideration in the design period are the key factors.Finally,future priorities for research and practice of environmental protection for water conservancy and hydropower projects in China are proposed.The main purpose of this paper is to enhance the scientific research,monitoring,and assessment of operating effectiveness.

A great leap of faith: Editorial for JSHS special issue on physical literacy

The concept of physical literacy seems to be an abstract idea.Since it emerged in the literature about 25 years ago,it has been a philosophical topic for scholars and intellectuals in the field of physical education（PE）.But with the recent adoption of the idea as an operational platform for designing PE curriculum and physical activity programs in Europe and Canada, it has reborn as a practical idea for operation.

Operationalizing physical literacy for learners: Embodying the motivation to move

Physical literacy is a concept that is expected to encompass the mind and body in an integrated way to explain, promote, and help sustain human beings＇ fundamental function： movement. According to Whitehead（2010）, physical literacy is defined by motivation, especially by competence-based and interest-based motivation. This point of view is consistent with vast amount of research evidence on children and adolescents＇ physical activity behavior. In the article I attempt to interpret and operationalize physical literacy from a perspective that children＇s motivation in physical education is both an innate mental disposition and an acquired/learned attribute. Particularly I rely on the conceptual learning theory and motivation regulation mechanisms of the self-determination theory to argue that in physical education, children should experience tasks that inspire them to embody competence and interest along with self-regulation strategies necessary for developing and sustaining the motivation to move.

Motor skills matter to physical activity——At least for children

Physical activity(PA) is an effective means of curbing the prevalence of child obesity,and fundamental skills are hypothesized to be an important factor that determines physically active or inactive behavior in children.Research evidence suggests that adolescents and young adults with proficient motor skills in sport-related activities are more likely to have a physically active lifestyle.1 Because

On childhood obesity prevention:"Exercise is medicine" vs."exercise is vaccine"

The most recent report on the obesity epidemic by the U.S. Institute of Medicine(IOM) has painted a bleak picture of reality in the U.S.It reports that two third of adults and almost one third of children are either overweight or obese by any counts of measures.Situations in other countries do not seem optimistic either.According to the World Health Organization (WHO),the numbers of obese children have increased during the last decade to an estimated 35 million in developing countries and 8 million in developed

Effects of exergaming and the physical education curriculum

From an education perspective,play has always been viewed as an integral part of learning experiences1and physical activity is a major component in many games that children play.In recent two decades,rapid

Exercise facilitates memory:Implications for helping youngsters learn in school

Up to this day I still can vividly remember a routine in my elementary school:the daily school-wide morning calisthenics. It started at about 7:45 am in the school courtyard.Our physical education teacher stood on the concrete stage where our principal would give her talk at school assemblies.All children and teachers would follow the teacher’s lead to do the eight-segment national calisthenics in unison with loud music from loudspeakers affixed on trees around the courtyard.When I visited the school last May,I saw that students still performed the routine faithfully but with a different set of

Bridging gaps between environmental flows theory and practices in China

In recent decades,a series of policies and practices for environmental flows(e-flows)have been implemented in China,with the sustainable development goal of balancing the utilization and protection of water resources among social,economic,and ecological needs.The aims of this study were to determine the main challenges and issues in e-flows implementation at different scales by analyzing policies and practices for eflows in China,and to propose some recommendations for bridging the gaps between the science and implementation of e-flows.The gaps between the science and implementation of e-flows were found after review of literature,policies,and practices,and it was found that ecological flow was a more widely used term by the government,rather than e-flows,in implementation.The plans and effects of e-flows implementation are discussed in this paper and challenges of e-flows implementation are recognized:(1)limited water resources and uneven spatial and temporal distribution,(2)a weak scientific basis for e-flows implementation,(3)poor operability of e-flows science,and(4)ineffective supervision and guarantee measures.The recommendations are(1)to strengthen the scientific foundation of e-flows,(2)to improve effectiveness in application of e-flows science,and(3)to propose operable and effective supervision and guarantee measures.This paper elaborates the current understanding of e-flows science and provides practical recommendations for implementing e-flows and for improving the effectiveness in e-flows implementation.To bridge the gaps between science and implementation of e-flows and improve the operability of policies in future practices,more scientific research on practices is recommended through adaptive management.

Influence of personal and lesson factors on caloric expenditure in physical education

Increasing caloric expenditure in physical education is considered an effective school-based approach to addressing the child obesity epidemic.This study was designed to determine synergistic influences of student characteristics and lesson factors o caloric expenditure in elementary and middle school physical education.Methods:The study used a multi-level design.Level-1 factors included personal characteristics:age,gender,and body mass index.Level-2 factors included lesson length,content,and school level.Based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention age-gender adjusted growth chart,students in 87 classes from 14 elementary and 15 middle schools were pre-screened into "Overweight","Healthy weight",or “Thin” groups.One boy and one girl were randomly selected from each group in each class as data providers(264 elementary and 294 middle school students).Caloric expenditure was measured in 243 physical education lessons using accelerometers.Results:Analysis of variance revealed and hierarchical linear modeling confirmed separate age by body mass index,age by gender,and content by lesson-length interaction effects,suggesting that the personal and lesson factors influenced caloric expenditure independently.Older male and heavier students burned more calories in all lessons.Students burned more calories in 45-60 min sport skill or fitness lessons than in shorter (30 min)or longer(75-90 min)game or multi-activity lessons.Conclusions:The hypothesized cross-level interaction was not observed in the data.Caloric expenditure can be optimized in 45-60 min sport skill or fitness development lessons.It can be recommended that schools adopt 45-60 min lesson length and provide skill and fitness development tasks in physical education to maximize caloric expenditure.Copyright(c)2012,Shanghai University of Sport.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

A clash of fundamental assumptions:Can/should we measure physical literacy?

The special issue of the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education (JTPE)~1 on physical literacy (PL) has provided much needed information about measuring and assessing student learning in terms of the well-defined and yet abstract concept.Multiple authors have elaborated from diverse educational and psychometric perspectives on the development of the construct,the measurement model,and the assessment of the construct.In this attempt,many issues associated with the conception of PL were clarified and insightful information and arguments were brought forward.In this regard,the special issue has moved our understanding of the concept one step further.More importantly,it points to a possibility to actualize the teaching of the concept in physical education (PE).

A Monophyletic Status of Axis Genus in Subfamily Cervinae Supported by the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Chinese Hog Deer(Axis porcinus)

Hog deer(Axis porcinus)is a small mammal and listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature.However,phylogenetic position of hog deer within Axis genus has remained controversial.In the present study,we first assembled complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese hog deer reared in Chengdu Zoo,Sichuan,by the second-generation sequencing technology.This newly assembled mitochondrial genome of hog deer is 16376 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-encoding genes,23 transfer RNA genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes.Phylogenetic analyses based on complete mitochondrial genome and cytochrome b gene sequences revealed that hog deer is closely clustered together and placed with sister taxon of spotted deer(A.Axis),which therefore supported monophyletic statue of Axis genus.Furthermore,considerable genetic differentiation,up to 139 mutations of complete mitochondrial genome was revealed between geographical populations of hog deer in France and Southeast Asia.However,only six variable sites(nucleotide diversity of 0.00007)and four haplotypes(haplotype diversity of 0.533)were totally detected among ten newly sequenced Chinese hog deer.The results provide a better understanding on the phylogeny of hog deer.

Learners’motivational response to the Science,PE,&Me!curriculum:A situational interest perspective

Background:The Science,PE,&Me!(SPEM)curriculum is a concept-based physical education curriculum that offers students coherent educational experiences for constructing health-related fitness knowledge through movement experiences.The purpose of this study was to evaluate students’motivational response to the SPEM curriculum from the situational interest perspective.Methods:The study used a cluster randomized controlled design in which 30 elementary schools in one of the largest metropolitan areas in the eastern United States were randomly assigned to an experimental or comparison condition.Although all students in the 3rd,4th,and 5th grades in the targeted schools were eligible to participate in the study,a random sample of students from the experimental(n=1749;15 schools)and comparison groups(n=1985;15 schools)provided data.Students’motivational response to the SPEM curriculum or comparison curriculum was measured using the previously validated Situational Interest Scale-Elementary.Data were analyzed using structural mean modeling.Results:The results demonstrated that the experimental group(as reference group)showed significantly higher enjoyment(z=-2.01),challenge(z=-6.54),exploration(z=-12.195),novelty(z=-8.80),and attention demand(z=-7.90)than the comparison group.Conclusion:The findings indicate that the SPEM curriculum created a more situationally interesting context for learning than the comparison physical education curriculum.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Increased Downstroke Duration for an FWAV with Morphing-coupled Wing Flapping Configuration

This paper is based on a previously developed bio-inspired Flapping Wing Aerial Vehicle(FWAV),RoboFalcon,which can fly with a morphing-coupled flapping pattern.In this paper,a simple flapping stroke control system based on Hall effect sensors is designed and applied,which is capable of assigning different up-and down-stroke speeds for the RoboFalcon platform to achieve an adjustable downstroke ratio.The aerodynamic and power characteristics of the morphing-coupled flapping pattern and the conventional flapping pattern with varying downstroke ratios are measured through a wind tunnel experiment,and the corresponding aerodynamic models are developed and analyzed by the nonlinear least squares method.The relatively low power consumption of the slow-downstroke mode of this vehicle is verified through outdoor flight tests.The results of wind tunnel experiments and flight tests indicate that increased downstroke duration can improve aerodynamic and power performance for the RoboFalcon platform.

Effects of dynamical spanwise retraction and stretch on flapping-wing forward flights

Birds and bats retract and stretch their wings dynamically during each flap in level flights, implying intriguing mechanisms for the aerodynamic performance improvement of flapping wings. A numerical investigation into the aerodynamic effects of such bio-inspired concept in forward flights has been performed based on a three-dimensional wing in plunging motion and a twosection wing in flapping motion. The currently considered Reynolds number and Strouhal number are Re=1.5×10^(5) and St=0.3, respectively. During the research, the mean angle of attack is varied in relatively wide ranges to achieve lift-thrust interconversion for the wings. The conclusive results show that dynamical spanwise retraction and stretch has induced three absolutely desirable scenarios for the oscillating wings in forward flights, namely producing more lift and consuming less power for a given thrust generation, producing more thrust and consuming less power for a given lift generation, and producing more lift and more thrust while consuming less power. Furthermore,the morphing wings have alleviated periodical aerodynamic load fluctuations compared with the non-morphing baseline. The mechanism of the aerodynamic effects of the bionic morphing mode is analyzed with the aid of field visualization. The current article is the first to reveal the absolute advantages of the bionic spanwise morphing. Hopefully, it may help comprehend the behaviors of natural fliers and provide inspirations for performance enhancement of micro artificial flappingwing vehicles.