Study of the Germination of Scarified Seeds of Burkea africana Hook. For Its Domestication in Chad

The objective of this work was to determine new approaches that could improve the germination quality of Burkea africana seeds under reproducible conditions and by means available to farmers with a view to its propagation. The tests concerned the influence of three pre-germinative treatments. It is about the light scarification (Scl), medium scarification (Scm) and deep scarification (Scd) of seeds in order to determine some parameters of germination that are the latency time, the time of germination, the rate of germination and the speed of germination. The treated seeds were sown in transparent germinators lined with hydrophilic paper and then after the appearance of radicles, the plants were transplanted on five types of substrates (black soil, fine sand, sawdust, mixtures 1/1 of sawdust-black soil and 1/1 of sawdust-fine sand). The results obtained by the deep (Scp) and medium (Scm) scarification compared to those of the light scarification and the control, showed a clear reduction of the lag time (3 days/15 days (control). At the 5% threshold, germination times 6.27 × 10-1 (Scd) and 6.01 × 10-1 (Scm) were significantly influenced. Germination rates 4.18 × 10-1 (Scd) and 3.92 × 10-1 (Scm) are also influenced by the pretreatment. Germination rates are significantly improved (80%). Regardless of the under treatment, the substrate “sawdust and fine sand” improves the germination of scarified seeds by 14.07% more compared to the substrate “fine sand” at the 5% threshold. The mechanical scarification and the type of substrates thus influence positively and homogeneously the germination of seeds of Burkea africana. The domestication of this species is thus possible and can be considered for useful purposes.