Inter-annual variations of dissolved oxygen and hypoxia off the northern Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary in summer from 1997 to 2014

Hypoxia off the Changjiang River Estuary has been the subject of much attention,yet systematic observations have been lacking,resulting in a lack of knowledge regarding its long-term change and drivers.By revisiting the repeated surveys of dissolved oxygen(DO) and other relevant hydrographic parameters along the section from the Changjiang River Estuary to the Jeju-do in the summer from 1997 to 2014,rather different trends were revealed for the dual low-DO cores.The nearshore low-DO core,located close to the river mouth and relatively stable,shows that hypoxia has become more severe with the lowest DO descen ding at a rate of -0.07 mg/(L·a) and the thickness of low-DO zone rising at a rate of 0.43 m/a.The offshore core,centered around 40-m isobath but moving back and forth between 123.5°-125°E,shows large fluctuations in the minimum DO concentration,with the thickness of low-DO zone falling at a rate of -1.55 m/a.The probable factors affecting the minimum DO concentration in the two regions also vary.In the nearshore region,the decreasing minimum DO is driven by the increase in both stratification and primary productivity,with the enhanced extension of the Changjiang River Diluted Water(CDW) strengthening stratification.In the offshore region,the fluctuating trend of the minimum DO concentration indicates that both DO loss and DO supplement are distinct.The DO loss is primarily attributed to bottom apparent oxygen utilization caused by the organic matter decay and is also relevant to the advection of low-DO water from the nearshore region.The DO supplement is primarily due to weakened stratification.Our analysis also shows that the minimum DO concentration in the nearshore region was extremely low in 1998,2003,2007 and 2010,related to El Ni?o signal in these summers.

On testing proportional odds assumptions for proportional odds models

Proportional odds models are commonly used to model ordinal responses,but the proportional odds assumption may not hold in practice,leading to biased inference.Tests such as score,Wald and likelihood ratio(LR)have been proposed to evaluate the proportional odds assumption based on models without the assumption.Brant has proposed an independent binary model-based Wald-type test,and Wolfe and Gould have extended the idea to propose an LR-type test.This paper provides a brief review of the Brant and Wolfe-Gould tests for evaluating the proportional odds assumption and evaluates their performance through simulation studies and a real data example.Sample programs are provided in SAS,SPSS and Stata to facilitate the implementation of these tests using standard statistical software packages.This study highlights the importance of evaluating the proportional odds assumption when using proportional odds models for ordinal responses.The sample programs provided in this paper make it easy for researchers to apply these tests in their own analyses using standard statistical software packages.

Macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles promote biomimetic mineralized collagen-mediated endogenous bone regeneration

Macrophages play an important role in material-related immune responses and bone formation,but the functionality of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs)in material-mediated bone regeneration is still unclear.Here,we evaluated intracellular communication through small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)and its effects on endogenous bone regeneration mediated by biomimetic intrafibrillarly mineralized collagen(IMC).After implantation in the bone defect area,IMC generated more neobone and recruited more mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)than did extrafibrillarly mineralized collagen(EMC).More CD63+CD90+and CD63+CD163+cells were detected in the defect area in the IMC group than in the EMC group.To determine the functional roles of sEVs,extracellular vesicles from macrophages cultured on different mineralized collagen were isolated,and they showed no morphological differences.However,macrophage-derived sEVs in the IMC group showed an enhanced Young’s modulus and exerted beneficial effects on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow MSCs by increasing the expression of the osteoblastic differentiation markers BMP2,BGLAP,COL1,and OSX and calcium nodule formation.Mechanistically,sEVs from IMC-treated macrophages facilitated MSC osteogenesis through the BMP2/Smad5 pathway,and blocking sEV secretion with GW4869 significantly impaired MSC proliferative,immunomodulative and osteogenic potential.Taken together,these findings show that macrophage-derived sEVs may serve as an emerging functional tool in biomaterial-mediated endogenous bone regeneration.

Catalytic ozonation of thymol in reverse osmosis concentrate with core/shell Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Yb_2O_3 catalyst:Parameter optimization and degradation pathway

In this work, a novel catalyst of Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Yb_2O_3 was prepared and the degradation of thymol in reverse osmosis concentrate using ozonation was explored. The operational parameters, such as ozone dosage(8–48 mg·min^(-1)),initial thymol concentration(20–100 mg·L^(-1)), initial pH value(3–11), and catalyst Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Yb_2O_3dosage(0.2–1.0 g), were studied focusing on the thymol degradation and COD removal. The results indicated that the increase in ozone dosage, initial p H value, and Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Yb_2O_3dosage accelerated the thymol degradation and COD removal, while the increase in initial thymol concentration hampered the effect of ozonation. A pathway of thymol degradation by catalytic ozonation was proposed based on the intermediates detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer and ion chromatography. This paper can provide basic data and technical alternative for pollutant removal from reverse osmosis concentrate by ozonation.

Study on Prevention and Treatment of Autophagy and Cervical HPV Infection by Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Pathogenesis of "Syndrome of Dampness-heat Diffusing Downward"

Autophagy is a self-protection mechanism of the body,and also an important physiological process for cells to maintain internal environment stability.Studies have shown that the degree of autophagy damage is positively correlated with the expression of oncogenes,and the expression of oncogenes is closely related to cervical HPV infection,so the control of autophagy ability can interfere with cervical HPV virus infection.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that dampness-heat evil down,can damage and Chong Ren cell.The author believes that autophagy damage and the theory of dampness-heat injection in cervical HPV infection have similar pathogenic mechanism,and explores the prevention and treatment of autophagy and cervical HPV infection based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine dampness-heat injection,in attempt to provide a new treatment for clinical prevention and treatment.

纤维素性纵隔炎的影像诊断

纤维素性纵隔炎是一种纵隔良性疾病, 是由纵隔中纤维组织增生引起。根据受累范围, 分为肉芽肿性和非肉芽肿性两种亚型。肉芽肿性通常与感染引起的异常免疫反应有关;非肉芽肿性可能是特发性的, 或与自身免疫有关。这两种亚型均会出现与重要纵隔结构梗阻或压迫相关的体征和症状。CT增强是诊断和鉴别诊断纤维素性纵隔炎的首选检查方法。影像学特征包括纵隔软组织浸润(伴或不伴钙化), 伴有纵隔血管结构和/或呼吸消化道的压迫或阻塞。当在适当的临床背景下发现这些特征时, 放射科医师就可以提出纤维素性纵隔炎的诊断。在初始和后续的影像学检查中, 仔细评估对于排除潜在恶性肿瘤、评估疾病进展、识别并发症和评估治疗反应至关重要。

Dual-engineered cartilage-targeting extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance osteoarthritis treatment via miR-223/NLRP3/pyroptosis axis:Toward a precision therapy

Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most common disabling joint disease with no effective disease modifying drugs.Extracellular vesicles released by several types of mesenchymal stem cells could promote cartilage repair and ameliorate OA pathology in animal models,representing a novel therapeutic strategy.In this study,we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-EVs)could maintain chondrocyte homeostasis and alleviate OA,and further revealed a novel molecular mechanism of this therapeutic effect.miR-223,which could directly bind with the 3′UTR of NLRP3 mRNA,was found to be a key miRNA for hUC-EVs to exert beneficial effects on inflammation inhibiting and cartilage protecting.For enhancing the effect on mitigating osteoarthritis,exogenous miR-223 was loaded into hUC-EVs by electroporation,and a collagen II-targeting peptide(WYRGRL)was modified onto the surface of hUC-EVs by genetic engineering to achieve a more targeted and efficient RNA delivery to the cartilage.The dual-engineered EVs showed a maximal effect on inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and chondrocyte pyroptosis,and offered excellent results for the treatment of OA.This study provides a novel theoretical basis and a promising therapeutic strategy for the application of engineered extracellular vesicles in OA treatment.

一个产香大型真菌鉴定及其挥发性成分分析

【目的】开发优质的产香大型真菌资源,丰富挥发性香味成分的获取途径。【方法】本文通过传统形态分类学和分子生物学相结合的方法对采自泰国北部的野生产香大型真菌及其菌株进行鉴定。利用液体发酵、HP20大孔树脂固相萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)等方法分析发酵液中的挥发性物质。同时筛选了对该真菌液体培养的最佳碳源、氮源及无机盐离子条件。【结果】该真菌经鉴定为茉莉小皮伞Marasmiusjasminodorus,分析发现其主要香味组分及对应的峰面积百分比分别为芳樟醇(33.11%)、5-羟甲基糠醛(4.64%)、4-甲基-5-(β羟乙基)噻唑(4.55%)、甲基麦芽酚(4.49%)、糠醇(4.46%)、桃醛(2.20%)、羟基丙酮(2.18%)等。同时该菌的最优培养液配方中最佳碳源、氮源及无机盐离子为麦芽糖、酵母粉和KH2PO4。【结论】本研究表明该大型真菌能够产生多种在现有工业生产中广泛应用的挥发性香味成分,如芳樟醇等,所以其在天然香精香料生产中具有较好的潜在应用前景。

A Multiresponsive Hydrophobic Associating Hydrogel Based on Azobenzene and Spiropyran

Summary of main observation and conclusion Stimuli-responsive hydrogels crosslinked by weak noncovalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds,ionic interactions,host-guest interactions and hydrophobic interactions have been extensively investigated.Herein,azobenzene and spiropyran acting as two hydrophobic pendant groups were introduced into a hydrophilic polyacrylamide (PAM) via free radical copolymerization to construct a hydrophobic interaction based thermo-,light-responsive polymer hydrogel.Its viscosity and color could be reversibly regulated by heating and cooling.Meanwhile,its color could be specifically switched by light without obvious viscosity change.The gel was also capable of being transited to sol by addition of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD),which encaged the hydrophobic groups and then increased the solubility of polymer in water.The hydrogel could be regained after UV irradiation at λ=365 nm,and after irradiation at λ=440 nm,the hydrogel changed into a clear sol again.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Occupational Cancers Reported—China,2006−2020

Introduction:Occupational cancers are a major threat to workers’health in China.The latest version of the Classification and Catalogue of the Occupational Diseases includes 11 occupational cancers.This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of occupational cancers in China reported to the National Occupational Disease Reporting System during 2006−2020.Methods:Occupational cancers reported during 2016−2020 were obtained from the National Occupational Disease Reporting System.Epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by year,region,industry,gender,age at diagnosis,and exposure duration to occupational hazards.Results:Overall,a total of 1,116 cases of occupational cancers were reported between 2006 and 2020.The main types reported were leukemia caused by benzene exposure(511,45.79%),lung cancer caused by coke oven exhaust exposure(266,23.84%),and lung cancer and mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure(226,20.25%).There were 6 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)that had reported over 50 new cases in the last 15 years.Most cases(913,81.18%)were distributed in the manufacturing industry.There were 870(77.96%)male cases and 246(22.04%)female cases.The average age at diagnosis of all reported cases was 51.91±15.85 years,and the median exposure duration to occupational hazards was 12(5.29−23.25)years.Conclusions:There is a large discrepancy between the high morbidity of occupational cancers and a low number of cases diagnosed and reported cases.Occupational cancers in China may be underestimated,and comprehensive measures should be taken to improve the diagnosis and reporting of occupational cancers.

High performance work systems and corporate performance： the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning

This study investigates the functioning mechanisms of how high performance work systems （HPWS） affect organizational performance. We propose that （HPWS） can positively affect organizational performance through the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. An organization with high performance work systems can perform better if it enjoys high level of organizational learning. We design and administer a survey questionnaire to high-level executives or founders of companies from manufacturing and service industries and receive 176 valid responses. The results of the empirical data indicate that the relationship between high performance work systems and corporate performance is more positive when organizational learning is stronger. Entrepreneurial orientation partially mediates the relationship between high performance work systems and organizational performance. This study opens new research avenues by extending and incorporating explanations and predictions of HPWS and entrepreneurial orientation, two areas that largely have been considered independently of each other. Implications for practice and directions for future research are provided.

History of the Development of the Reporting System of Occupational Diseases and Occupational Disease List in China

Overview An occupational disease reporting system has been developed starting from a paper-based reporting system to a network-based direct reporting system.The reporting system has been linked with more than 43,300 users from 25,000 agencies at the national,provincial,municipal,and county levels in a unified vision to report individual cases of occupational diseases and chemical poisonings.Following the establishment of the reporting system of occupational diseases,the list of occupational diseases has been published since the 1950s,beginning with 14 diseases and revised by recognition and establishment of more occupational diseases in accordance with scientific advancements in medical science.The list of occupational diseases represents increasing knowledge on the development of medical sciences and disease diagnosis technologies and it plays a dual role in prevention and compensation of occupational diseases.

In teg rati ng organizati on al lear ning with high-performance work system and entrepreneurial orientation: a moderated mediation framework

This study proposes a moderated mediation model to investigate the relationship between organizational learning and firm performance. We argue that entrepreneurial orientation mediates the positive effect of organizational learning on firm performance. Furthermore, the relationship between organizational learning and entrepreneurial orientation is strengthened when firms employ a higher level of high-performance work system. Hypotheses are supported by data from 181 firms operating in the manufacturing and service industries in China. Statistical results further reveal that a high-performance work system has different moderating effects on exploitative learning and exploratory learning. This research extends our understanding of organizational learning theory, entrepreneurship and human resource management literature by cross-fertilizing constructs in these fields with empirical evidence.

Intellectual Property Rights Securitization Models Selection and Policies Development in China: Based on a Multi-Case Comparison

Intellectual property rights securitization(IPRS) is a fundamental approach to monetizing intellectual property rights to resolve financing difficulties for scientific and technological enterprises. It is also a necessary way to realize the value of intellectual property rights. Existing researches in China only introduce foreign IPRS models but rarely discusses reasons behind the IPRS successes and lessons drawn from its failures. There are also rare IPRS policy researches and recommendations for IPRS development in China. This article cards the IPRS policies in China first, and then conducts a comparison research of intellectual property rights owners, obligees, originators, credit rating agencies, issuing scale, and so on as main information and data from the IPRS cases at home and abroad. Furthermore, this article constructs a three-dimensional policy model of “subject-element-process” and identifies the main problems from the laws and policies, operational models, valuation methods, investment objectives, tax and service rates,etc. of the IPRS. The results indicate that the model we construct is suitable for the Chinese market in that it describes the objectives and processes of IPRS as well as specific activities and capital flows. In the end, this article puts forward five policy recommendations for China’s IPRS development. The first is to add the intellectual property rights future implementation cash flow as the IPRS object. The second is to improve the existing evaluation methods. The third is to combine SPT and SPE models, establish in-house intellectual property rights service teams of security companies, set up government risk fund pools to lead IPRS, and reduce the investment threshold. The fourth is to explore the equity-debt convertible IPRS products and the intellectual property rights auction mechanism to make up for the losses of IPRS failure.The fifth is to formulate IPRS tax preferential policies, and lower the local government subsidy proportion for loan interests, service fee and loss compensation for IPRS.