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Deploying Hybrid Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques for Effective Cross-Site Scripting(XSS)Attack Detection
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作者 Noor Ullah Bacha Songfeng Lu +3 位作者 attiq ur rehman Muhammad Idrees Yazeed Yasin Ghadi Tahani Jaser Alahmadi 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第10期707-748,共42页
Cross-Site Scripting(XSS)remains a significant threat to web application security,exploiting vulnerabilities to hijack user sessions and steal sensitive data.Traditional detection methods often fail to keep pace with ... Cross-Site Scripting(XSS)remains a significant threat to web application security,exploiting vulnerabilities to hijack user sessions and steal sensitive data.Traditional detection methods often fail to keep pace with the evolving sophistication of cyber threats.This paper introduces a novel hybrid ensemble learning framework that leverages a combination of advanced machine learning algorithms—Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machines(SVM),eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),Categorical Boosting(CatBoost),and Deep Neural Networks(DNN).Utilizing the XSS-Attacks-2021 dataset,which comprises 460 instances across various real-world trafficrelated scenarios,this framework significantly enhances XSS attack detection.Our approach,which includes rigorous feature engineering and model tuning,not only optimizes accuracy but also effectively minimizes false positives(FP)(0.13%)and false negatives(FN)(0.19%).This comprehensive methodology has been rigorously validated,achieving an unprecedented accuracy of 99.87%.The proposed system is scalable and efficient,capable of adapting to the increasing number of web applications and user demands without a decline in performance.It demonstrates exceptional real-time capabilities,with the ability to detect XSS attacks dynamically,maintaining high accuracy and low latency even under significant loads.Furthermore,despite the computational complexity introduced by the hybrid ensemble approach,strategic use of parallel processing and algorithm tuning ensures that the system remains scalable and performs robustly in real-time applications.Designed for easy integration with existing web security systems,our framework supports adaptable Application Programming Interfaces(APIs)and a modular design,facilitating seamless augmentation of current defenses.This innovation represents a significant advancement in cybersecurity,offering a scalable and effective solution for securing modern web applications against evolving threats. 展开更多
关键词 Cross-site scripting machine learning XSS detection stacking ensemble learning hybrid learning
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Gender disparities and woman-specific trends in Barrett’s esophagus in the United States:An 11-year nationwide populationbased study
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作者 Karina Fatakhova Faisal Inayat +12 位作者 Hassam Ali Pratik Patel attiq ur rehman Arslan Afzal Muhammad Sarfraz Shiza Sarfraz Gul Nawaz Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Rubaid Dhillon Arthur Dilibe Benjamin Glazebnik Lindsey Jones Emily Glazer 《World Journal of Methodology》 2025年第1期60-71,共12页
BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus(BE)is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States,but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not scr... BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus(BE)is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States,but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not screened.Current practice guidelines include male gender as a predisposing factor for BE and EAC.The population-based clinical evidence regarding female gender remains limited.AIM To study comparative trends of gender disparities in patients with BE in the United States.METHODS A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using the 2009-2019 National Inpatient Sample(NIS)database.Patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of BE were identified.The major outcome of interest was determining the gender disparities in patients with BE.Trend analysis for respective outcomes for females was also reported to ascertain any time-based shifts.RESULTS We identified 1204190 patients with BE for the study period.Among the included patients,717439(59.6%)were men and 486751(40.4%)were women.The mean age was higher in women than in men(67.1±0.4 vs 66.6±0.3 years,P<0.001).The rate of BE per 100000 total NIS hospitalizations for males increased from 144.6 in 2009 to 213.4 in 2019(P<0.001).The rate for females increased from 96.8 in 2009 to 148.7 in 2019(P<0.001).There was a higher frequency of obesity among women compared to men(17.4%vs 12.6%,P<0.001).Obesity prevalence among females increased from 12.3%in 2009 to 21.9%in 2019(P<0.001).A lower prevalence of smoking was noted in women than in men(20.8%vs 35.7%,P<0.001).However,trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of smoking among women,from 12.9%in 2009 to 30.7%in 2019(P<0.001).Additionally,there was a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),and diabetes mellitus among females than males(P<0.001).Trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder and a decreasing prevalence of H.pylori and diabetes mellitus among women(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The prevalence of BE among women has steadily increased from 2009 to 2019.The existing knowledge concerning BE development has historically focused on men,but our findings show that the risk in women is not insignificant. 展开更多
关键词 Barrett’s esophagus Gender disparity Epidemiological trends Esophageal adenocarcinoma Screening endoscopy Female gender Risk factors
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Impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients: A nationwide cohort study evaluating hospitalization, transplant rejection, and inpatient mortality
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作者 Faisal Inayat Pratik Patel +10 位作者 Hassam Ali Arslan Afzal Hamza Tahir Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Rizwan Ishtiaq attiq ur rehman Kishan Darji Muhammad Sohaib Afzal Gul Nawaz Alexa Giammarino Sanjaya K Satapathy 《World Journal of Transplantation》 2024年第2期62-75,共14页
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has posed a major public health concern worldwide.Patients with comorbid conditions are at risk of adverse outcomes following COVID-19.Solid organ transplant r... BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has posed a major public health concern worldwide.Patients with comorbid conditions are at risk of adverse outcomes following COVID-19.Solid organ transplant recipients with concurrent immunosuppression and comorbidities are more susceptible to a severe COVID-19 infection.It could lead to higher rates of inpatient complications and mortality in this patient population.However,studies on COVID-19 outcomes in liver transplant(LT)recipients have yielded inconsistent findings.AIM To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-related outcomes among LT recipients in the United States.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the 2019–2020 National Inpatient Sample database.Patients with primary LT hospitalizations and a secondary COVID-19 diagnosis were identified using the International Classi-fication of Diseases,Tenth Revision coding system.The primary outcomes included trends in LT hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Secondary outcomes included comparative trends in inpatient mortality and transplant rejection in LT recipients.RESULTS A total of 15720 hospitalized LT recipients were included.Approximately 0.8% of patients had a secondary diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.In both cohorts,the median admission age was 57 years.The linear trends for LT hospitalizations did not differ significantly before and during the pandemic(P=0.84).The frequency of in-hospital mortality for LT recipients increased from 1.7% to 4.4% between January 2019 and December 2020.Compared to the pre-pandemic period,a higher association was noted between LT recipients and in-hospital mortality during the pandemic,with an odds ratio(OR)of 1.69[95% confidence interval(CI):1.55-1.84),P<0.001].The frequency of transplant rejections among hospitalized LT recipients increased from 0.2%to 3.6% between January 2019 and December 2020.LT hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic had a higher association with transplant rejection than before the pandemic[OR:1.53(95%CI:1.26-1.85),P<0.001].CONCLUSION The hospitalization rates for LT recipients were comparable before and during the pandemic.Inpatient mortality and transplant rejection rates for hospitalized LT recipients were increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. 展开更多
关键词 Liver transplant recipients Solid organ transplantation COVID-19 HOSPITALIZATION Transplant rejection MORTALITY
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Early versus delayed necrosectomy in pancreatic necrosis:A population-based cohort study on readmission,healthcare utilization,and in-hospital mortality
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作者 Hassam Ali Faisal Inayat +12 位作者 Vinay Jahagirdar Fouad Jaber Arslan Afzal Pratik Patel Hamza Tahir Muhammad Sajeel Anwar attiq ur rehman Muhammad Sarfraz Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Gul Nawaz Dushyant Singh Dahiya Amir H Sohail Muhammad Aziz 《World Journal of Methodology》 2024年第3期55-67,共13页
BACKGROUND Acute necrotizing pancreatitis is a severe and life-threatening condition.It poses a considerable challenge for clinicians due to its complex nature and the high risk of complications.Several minimally inva... BACKGROUND Acute necrotizing pancreatitis is a severe and life-threatening condition.It poses a considerable challenge for clinicians due to its complex nature and the high risk of complications.Several minimally invasive and open necrosectomy procedures have been developed.Despite advancements in treatment modalities,the optimal timing to perform necrosectomy lacks consensus.AIM To evaluate the impact of necrosectomy timing on patients with pancreatic necrosis in the United States.METHODS A national retrospective cohort study was conducted using the 2016-2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database.Patients with non-elective admissions for pancreatic necrosis were identified.The participants were divided into two groups based on the necrosectomy timing:The early group received intervention within 48 hours,whereas the delayed group underwent the procedure after 48 hours.The various intervention techniques included endoscopic,percutaneous,or surgical necrosectomy.The major outcomes of interest were 30-day readmission rates,healthcare utilization,and inpatient mortality.RESULTS A total of 1309 patients with pancreatic necrosis were included.After propensity score matching,349 cases treated with early necrosectomy were matched to 375 controls who received delayed intervention.The early cohort had a 30-day readmission rate of 8.6% compared to 4.8%in the delayed cohort(P=0.040).Early necrosectomy had lower rates of mechanical ventilation(2.9%vs 10.9%,P<0.001),septic shock(8%vs 19.5%,P<0.001),and in-hospital mortality(1.1%vs 4.3%,P=0.01).Patients in the early intervention group incurred lower healthcare costs,with median total charges of $52202 compared to$147418 in the delayed group.Participants in the early cohort also had a relatively shorter median length of stay(6 vs 16 days,P<0.001).The timing of necrosectomy did not significantly influence the risk of 30-day readmission,with a hazard ratio of 0.56(95%confidence interval:0.31-1.02,P=0.06).CONCLUSION Our findings show that early necrosectomy is associated with better clinical outcomes and lower healthcare costs.Delayed intervention does not significantly alter the risk of 30-day readmission. 展开更多
关键词 Acute necrotizing pancreatitis Pancreatic necrosis Early necrosectomy Delayed necrosectomy Readmission Healthcare costs MORTALITY
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Association between acute peripancreatic fluid collections and early readmission in acute pancreatitis:A propensity-matched analysis
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作者 Hassam Ali Faisal Inayat +13 位作者 Waqas Rasheed Arslan Afzal Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Pratik Patel attiq ur rehman Muhammad Sajeel Anwar Gul Nawaz Muhammad Sohaib Afzal Amir H Sohail Subanandhini Subramanium Dushyant Singh Dahiya Deepa Budh Babu P Mohan Douglas G Adler 《World Journal of Experimental Medicine》 2024年第2期75-88,共14页
BACKGROUND Patients with acute pancreatitis(AP)frequently experience hospital readmissions,posing a significant burden to healthcare systems.Acute peripancreatic fluid collection(APFC)may negatively impact the clinica... BACKGROUND Patients with acute pancreatitis(AP)frequently experience hospital readmissions,posing a significant burden to healthcare systems.Acute peripancreatic fluid collection(APFC)may negatively impact the clinical course of AP.It could worsen symptoms and potentially lead to additional complications.However,clinical evidence regarding the specific association between APFC and early readmission in AP remains scarce.Understanding the link between APFC and readmission may help improve clinical care for AP patients and reduce healthcare costs.AIM To evaluate the association between APFC and 30-day readmission in patients with AP.METHODS This retrospective cohort study is based on the Nationwide Readmission Database for 2016-2019.Patients with a primary diagnosis of AP were identified.Participants were categorized into those with and without APFC.A 1:1 propensity score matching for age,gender,and Elixhauser comorbidities was performed.The primary outcome was early readmission rates.Secondary outcomes included the incidence of inpatient complications and healthcare utilization.Unadjusted analyses used Mann-Whitney U andχ2 tests,while Cox regression models assessed 30-day readmission risks and reported them as adjusted hazard ratios(aHR).Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests verified readmission risks.RESULTS A total of 673059 patients with the principal diagnosis of AP were included.Of these,5.1%had APFC on initial admission.After propensity score matching,each cohort consisted of 33914 patients.Those with APFC showed a higher incidence of inpatient complications,including septic shock(3.1%vs 1.3%,P<0.001),portal venous thrombosis(4.4%vs 0.8%,P<0.001),and mechanical ventilation(1.8%vs 0.9%,P<0.001).The length of stay(LOS)was longer for APFC patients[4(3-7)vs 3(2-5)days,P<0.001],as were hospital charges($29451 vs$24418,P<0.001).For 30-day readmissions,APFC patients had a higher rate(15.7%vs 6.5%,P<0.001)and a longer median readmission LOS(4 vs 3 days,P<0.001).The APFC group also had higher readmission charges($28282 vs$22865,P<0.001).The presence of APFC increased the risk of readmission twofold(aHR 2.52,95%confidence interval:2.40-2.65,P<0.001).The independent risk factors for 30-day readmission included female gender,Elixhauser Comorbidity Index≥3,chronic pulmonary diseases,chronic renal disease,protein-calorie malnutrition,substance use disorder,depression,portal and splenic venous thrombosis,and certain endoscopic procedures.CONCLUSION Developing APFC during index hospitalization for AP is linked to higher readmission rates,more inpatient complications,longer LOS,and increased healthcare costs.Knowing predictors of readmission can help target high-risk patients,reducing healthcare burdens. 展开更多
关键词 Acute pancreatitis Acute peripancreatic fluid collections Readmission predictors Inpatient complications Healthcare utilization and costs
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Association between alcohol-associated cirrhosis and inpatient complications among COVID-19 patients:A propensity-matched analysis from the United 被引量:2
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作者 Faisal Inayat Hassam Ali +10 位作者 Pratik Patel Rubaid Dhillon Arslan Afzal attiq ur rehman Muhammad Sohaib Afzal Laraib Zulfiqar Gul Nawaz Muhammad Hassan Naeem Goraya Subanandhini Subramanium Saurabh Agrawal Sanjaya K Satapathy 《World Journal of Virology》 2023年第4期221-232,共12页
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated cirrhosis(AC)contributes to significant liver-related mortality in the United States.It is known to cause immune dysfunction and coagulation abnormalities.Patients with comorbid condition... BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated cirrhosis(AC)contributes to significant liver-related mortality in the United States.It is known to cause immune dysfunction and coagulation abnormalities.Patients with comorbid conditions like AC are at risk of worse clinical outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The specific association between AC and COVID-19 mortality remains inconclusive,given the lack of robust clinical evi-dence from prior studies.AIM To study the predictors of mortality and the outcomes of AC in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the United States.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample(NIS)database 2020.Patients were identified with primary COVID-19 hospitalizations based on an underlying diagnosis of AC.A matched comparison cohort of COVID-19 patients without AC was identified after 1:N propensity score matching based on baseline sociodemographic characteristics and Elixhauser comorbidities.Primary outcomes included median length of stay,median inpatient charges,and in-hospital mortality.Secondary outcomes included a prevalence of systemic complications.RESULTS A total of 1325 COVID-19 patients with AC were matched to 1135 patients without AC.There was no difference in median length of stay and hospital charges in COVID-19 patients with AC compared to non-AC(P>0.05).There was an increased prevalence of septic shock(5.7%vs 4.1%),ventricular fibrillation/ventricular flutter(0.4%vs 0%),atrial fibrillation(13.2%vs 8.8%),atrial flutter(8.7%vs 4.4%),first-degree atrioventricular nodal block(0.8%vs 0%),upper extremity venous thromboembolism(1.5%vs 0%),and variceal bleeding(3.8%vs 0%)in the AC cohort compared to the non-AC cohort(P<0.05).There was no difference in inpatient mortality in COVID-19 patients with non-AC compared to AC,with an odds ratio of 0.97(95%confidence interval:0.78-1.22,P=0.85).Predictors of mortality included advanced age,cardiac arrhythmias,coagulopathy,protein-calorie malnutrition,fluid and electrolyte disorders,septic shock,and upper extremity venous thromboembolism.CONCLUSION AC does not increase mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.There is an increased association between inpatient complications among COVID-19 patients with AC compared to non-AC. 展开更多
关键词 Alcoholic cirrhosis COVID-19 Chronic liver disease Mortality predictors Inpatient complications
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双馈风力发电机定子绕组匝间短路故障特征提取 被引量:9
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作者 赵勇 王路路 +2 位作者 赵祎涵 attiq ur rehman 陈玉 《热力发电》 CAS 北大核心 2016年第8期63-67,共5页
分析了双馈风力发电机定子绕组匝间短路的故障机理,建立了定子绕组匝间短路数学模型,利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真得到了发电机定子绕组匝间短路故障发生时的定子三相电流和匝间环流。研究结果表明:从定子三相电流波形中难以分辨轻微匝间短... 分析了双馈风力发电机定子绕组匝间短路的故障机理,建立了定子绕组匝间短路数学模型,利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真得到了发电机定子绕组匝间短路故障发生时的定子三相电流和匝间环流。研究结果表明:从定子三相电流波形中难以分辨轻微匝间短路;而通过分析不同故障情况下定子电流Park矢量椭圆长半轴和短半轴的长度发现,Park矢量椭圆离心率能够灵敏反映故障并预估故障程度,因此,认为Park矢量椭圆离心率可以作为定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断的特征参量。 展开更多
关键词 双馈风力发电机 定子匝间短路 PARK矢量 椭圆离心率 故障特征
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Wheat Yield Response to Foliar Fungicide Application against Leaf Rust Caused by Puccinia triticina
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作者 Krishna Dev Joshi Ghulam Ullah +6 位作者 attiq ur rehman Muhammad Makky Javaid Javed Ahmad Makhdoom Hussain Angela Pacheco Ibni Amin Khalil Amanullah Baloch 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2017年第3期160-168,共9页
A study was conducted on reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina with foliar application of fungicides during the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons at the Wheat Research In... A study was conducted on reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina with foliar application of fungicides during the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons at the Wheat Research Institute in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Three fungicides: Folicur (tebuconazole) at 300 mL/ha, Nativo (tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin) at 300 g/ha and Tilt (propiconazole) at 500 mL/ha were applied single or two times to Morocco and Sehar-06 wheat varieties used in the trial. The trial plots were first sprayed at the Zadok's scale (ZS) 3 stage and second sprayed between ZS 4.3 and 5.4 stages. The greenness of the trial crop was measured using GreenSeeker. Foliar application of fungicides significantly reduced the loss of grain yield and 1,000-grain weight (TGW) of wheat due to leaf rust in comparison to the control without fungicides application. Of the three fungicides, two times spray of Nativo reduced the grain yield loss of leaf rust susceptible mega wheat variety Sehar-06 by 45%-56% and the loss of TGW by 42%, also giving the highest marginal return in the trial. Single application of Nativo was equally effective as two times spray of Folicur in reducing the loss of wheat grain yield. Two times spray of Folicur was found to be the second choice of fungicide for reducing the yield loss of wheat. The research identified suitable fungicides for reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust and also generated important scientific knowledge required to manage a sudden outbreak of leaf rust to ensure food security. 展开更多
关键词 Wheat variety leaf rust yield loss yield response foliar spray of fungicide resistance breeding.
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铁道车辆蛇行频率变化机理及其对车体蛇行稳定性的影响
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作者 孙建锋 焦卫东 +3 位作者 蒋永华 唐超 attiq ur rehman 鄂世举 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第8期148-165,共18页
蛇行频率是轮轨系统固有的特征参数并随着运行速度的变化而发生连续变化,能够影响车辆系统的模态行为,从而带来了一系列结构共振相关的动力学问题.本文的研究对象从单轮对系统出发扩展至转向架系统和带两级悬挂的整车系统,重点研究了蛇... 蛇行频率是轮轨系统固有的特征参数并随着运行速度的变化而发生连续变化,能够影响车辆系统的模态行为,从而带来了一系列结构共振相关的动力学问题.本文的研究对象从单轮对系统出发扩展至转向架系统和带两级悬挂的整车系统,重点研究了蛇行频率的变化机理及其对车体蛇行稳定性的影响机制.文中提出了一种基于最小模态距离的模态跟踪方法,对蛇行频率和其他模态参数进行连续跟踪,研究了速度激励下轮轨系统及悬挂系数参数对蛇行频率的影响机制.利用极限思想揭示了蛇行频率的饱和机理并给出了频率饱和值的解析表达式.结合模态跟踪方法和正则化的振型及动能幅值分布情况,实现了根轨迹曲线的划分与识别.从模态频率、阻尼比和振型角度,分析并总结了在频率耦合速度(蛇行频率与车体刚性模态频率相等时对应的速度)下的模态行为特征.基于速度与等效锥度的联合变参分析,发现频率耦合速度通过影响最小阻尼比对车体蛇行稳定性产生显著影响.除了模态频率外,车体刚性模态的固有阻尼比也会影响频率耦合速度下的系统最小阻尼比.本文的研究工作揭示了蛇行频率的演变机制,丰富了对蛇行运动现象的理解,为现代轨道车辆的稳定性设计提供了理论依据. 展开更多
关键词 轮轨系统 铁道车辆 蛇行运动 车辆系统 等效锥度 轨道车辆 模态频率 阻尼比
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