左腋动脉和臂丛神经走行变异1例

笔者在标本解剖操作观察腋窝结构时发现1例左侧腋动脉与臂丛神经位置及走行出现变异,既往文献报道的变异多为腋动脉发出的分支与臂丛神经之间的位置与走行之间变异^([1-3]),本次解剖观察发现腋动脉与臂丛神经的内侧束、外侧束和后束之间的位置关系出现变异,与既往报道有所不同,现报告如下。

Tissue-specific expression and correlation with promoter DNA methylation of the LBP gene in pigs

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein(LBP) is a key factor in the recognition of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and the initiation of immune response, thus regulating the body’s resistance to pathogenic infection. To investigate the tissue-specific expression characteristics of the LBP gene and its transcriptional regulation in pigs, we detected LBP expression in different tissues of 35-day-old Meishan weaned piglets, determined LBP core promoter region using bioinformatics prediction combined with dual luciferase activity assay, and finally detected methylation levels by pyrosequencing. The results showed that LBP expression in the liver tissue was significantly higher(P<0.01) than that in other tissues, followed by the intestinal tissues. The core promoter region of LBP was located at -500-(-206) bp(chr.17: g.46837534-g.46837828), containing three Cp G sites(Cp G1, Cp G2 and Cp G3). Of the three Cp G sites, Cp G2 and Cp G3 were variously methylated(P<0.01) in different tissues. Moreover, LBP m RNA levels were negatively correlated(P<0.01) with methylation levels of the Cp G2 and Cp G3 sites in the YY1 transcription factor binding sequence. It is speculated that the methylation of Cp G2 and Cp G3 sites might inhibit YY1 binding to the promoter sequences, thereby regulating the tissue-specific expression of LBP. This study demonstrated the distinct patterns of LBP expression and promoter methylation in the tissues of Meishan pigs and indicated the potential roles of DNA methylation in regulating LBP expression, which may contribute to further investigations on pig LBP gene expression and function.

Construction of a telomerase-immortalized porcine tracheal epithelial cell model for swine-origin mycoplasma infection

Primary porcine tracheal epithelial cells(PTECs) are an appropriate model for studying the molecular mechanism of various porcine respiratory diseases, including swine-origin mycoplasmas, which are isolated from respiratory tract of pigs and mainly found on the mucosal surface surrounding swine trachea. However, the short proliferation ability of primary PTECs greatly limits their lifespan. In this study, primary PTECs were carefully isolated and cultured, and immortal PTECs were constructed by transfecting primary PTECs with the recombinant constructed plasmid pEGFPhTERT containing human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT). Immortal PTECs(hTERT-PTECs) maintained both the morphological and functional characteristics of primary PTECs, as indicated by the expression of cytokeratin 18, cellcycle analysis, proliferation assay, Western blotting, telomerase activity assay, karyotype analysis and quantitative RTPCR. Compared to primary PTECs, hTERT-PTECs had an extended replicative lifespan, higher telomerase activity, and enhanced proliferative activity. In addition, this cell line resulted in a lack of transformed and grown tumors in nude mice, suggesting that it could be safely applied in further studies. Moreover, hTERT-PTECs were vulnerable to all swineorigin mycoplasmas through quantitative analysis as indicated by 50% color changing unit(CCU_(50)) calculation, and no significant differences of adhesion ability between primary and immortal PTECs were observed. For the representative swine mycoplasma Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae(Mhp), except for DNA copies quantitative real-time PCR assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting analysis also depicted that hTERT-PTECs was able to adhere to different Mhp strains of different virulence. In summary, like primary PTECs, hTERT-PTECs could be widely used as an adhesion cell model for swine-origin mycoplasmas and in infection studies of various porcine respiratory pathogens.

The tissue expression level of BPI gene in piglets from newborn to weaning and its relationship with Gram-negative bacterial infection

The bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) has an important function of nonspecific killing of Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, qPCR was used to detect the expression of the BPI gene in twelve tissues of Meishan piglets from birth to weaning. BPI gene overexpression, bacterial adhesions count and indirect immunofluorescence were applied to analyze the relationship between BPI gene expression and the infectivity of Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The results showed that the BPI gene was expressed highly in duodenum, jejunum and ileum (fold changes of relative expression levels were more than 10 000, 500 and 200, respectively). The expression of the BPI gene at 35 days of age was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that at all other days. Transcription of the BPI gene was up-regulated 2 401-fold in porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells that were transfected with the BPI gene overexpression lentivirus (IPEC-J2-BPI), and significantly higher (P<0.01) than that in negative control cells (IPEC-J2-NC). Protein expression levels in IPEC-J2-BPI cells were also increased. When IPEC-J2 cells were incubated with E. coli and Salmonella, respectively, for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h, the number of bacterial adhesions in IPEC-J2-BPI cells was significantly less (P<0.05) than that in IPEC-J2-NC cells. The results of indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that the number of bacterial adhesions in IPEC-J2-BPI cells was significantly less (P<0.01) than that in IPEC-J2-NC cells. These results demonstrated that the BPI gene might play an important role in regulating weaning stress especially intestinal-mediated immune response. Overexpression of the BPI gene at the cellular level could significantly enhance the anti-bactericidal ability against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella. This has important biological significance in piglet resistance to bacterial diarrhea.

养正合剂辅助治疗直肠癌化疗患者厌食的临床研究

目的:探讨养正合剂辅助治疗直肠癌化疗患者厌食的临床效果。方法:选取2019年2月-2021年2月在黑龙江省佳木斯市肿瘤医院肿瘤五科接受直肠癌化疗的患者60例,按照数字随机法分为对照组和试验组,各30例。对照组患者采用奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨方案化疗,试验组在对照组治疗基础上加用养正合剂。评估两组患者治疗效果、生活质量满意度、不良反应、人体指标和营养指标情况。结果:试验组患者治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者生活质量满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者体重、体重指数和总蛋白、白蛋白含量均有所提高,与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后试验组体重、体重指数、总蛋白、白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组不良反应发生率高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:养正合剂可提高直肠癌化疗效果,改善化疗厌食患者的生活质量和营养状况,降低化疗药物不良反应发生率,值得临床推广。

土壤酸化成因及其对农田土壤-微生物-作物系统影响的研究进展

自然土壤酸化是一个缓慢的过程,但是农田土壤因频繁的人类活动加速了这一过程,从而给农田土壤-微生物-作物系统带来一系列的负面影响。论文从大气酸沉降、施肥和管理方式、种植作物以及作物移除四个方面介绍了农田土壤酸化的主要原因;重点阐述了土壤酸化对农田土壤肥力、土壤盐基离子以及土壤酸缓冲体系的影响。总结了酸性农田土壤对土壤细菌群落结构、功能性微生物(如氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌等)群落结构以及土传病害的影响;分析了土壤酸化对作物的毒害作用,如造成农作物减产、迫使作物根系受到铝毒害等;从外源添加物减缓土壤酸化角度,论述了可持续利用酸性土壤的策略,提出了土壤酸化后的改良措施,展望了土壤酸化需进一步探究的课题。

玉米-大豆轮作体系下连续4年增施有机肥对玉米产量和子粒品质的影响

利用典型黑土区玉米-大豆轮作定位试验,设5个处理,即不施肥(NoF)、玉米连作正常施用化肥(LZ)、玉米-大豆轮作正常施用化肥(CF)、玉米-大豆轮作正常施用化肥+15000 kg/hm^(2)有机肥(CF+15T)和玉米-大豆轮作正常施用化肥+30000 kg/hm^(2)有机肥(CF+30T),研究连续4年增施有机肥后对玉米产量及构成要素和子粒中蛋白质、氨基酸、可溶性糖、淀粉、矿质营养元素含量的影响。结果表明,同CF处理相比,LZ处理玉米产量比CF处理降低15%,连续4年增施有机肥后玉米产量呈增加趋势,CF+15T处理和CF+30T处理玉米产量比CF处理高8.8%和13%。单施化肥处理下连作与轮作玉米子粒品质指标差异不大,轮作处理后连续4年增施有机肥处理的玉米子粒中游离氨基酸、可溶性糖和淀粉含量随着施用有机肥的量增加而增加,对玉米子粒蛋白质含量影响不大。同LZ和CF处理相比,连续4年增施有机肥显著提高玉米子粒中K、Na、Mg和P含量,Ca、Mn、Fe和Zn含量无显著变化。因此,黑土区玉米连作减产,对品质影响不大。玉米-大豆轮作制度下连续4年增施15000 kg/hm^(2)有机肥提高玉米产量,是促进子粒淀粉、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、K、Na、Mg和P积累的有效措施之一。

二花脸猪隐睾和正常睾丸组织学观察及PCNA/CD31蛋白差异表达分析

为探究二花脸猪隐睾组织学特点和PCNA/CD31的差异性表达,本试验以二花脸猪隐睾和正常睾丸组织作为研究对象,通过组织特殊染色观察分析猪隐睾组织学特点,同时利用蛋白免疫印迹、免疫组织化学和免疫荧光等实验,检测PCNA/CD31蛋白在隐睾和正常睾丸组织中的差异性表达,为研究隐睾的发生机制和种公猪睾丸发育的检测提供实验数据和理论依据。组织学分析结果显示,HE染色观察隐睾组织睾丸小叶界限不清、间质细胞多而散乱分布、曲精小管直径明显减小,管腔内可见大量精原细胞及支持细胞;VG和Ag NOR染色观察睾丸结缔组织和曲精小管基膜中呈红色的胶原纤维较少,且胶原纤维分布紊乱,核分裂相细胞较少。蛋白免疫印迹检测PCNA/CD31在隐睾组织中的表达均显著高于正常睾丸组织(P<0.01)。免疫组织化学结果显示,PCNA/CD31在隐睾和正常睾丸组织中都存在阳性表达,PCNA在隐睾和正常睾丸结缔组织的血管壁和间质细胞的胞质中强阳性表达,在胞核中也可见少量阳性表达;CD31表达于隐睾和正常睾丸组织间质细胞的胞质中,而在细胞膜和胞核中未见表达。结果表明,PCNA/CD31参与了睾丸间质细胞的增殖和分布、血管的生成及曲精小管的发育,是诱导猪隐睾发生的关键因子。