Detective Method for Water Pollution Based on Millimeter Wave Radiant Characteristics

Aim at monitoring water pollution, especially the aquatic vegetation, the multilayer dielectric model based on incoherent method is established to analysis the brightness temperature of aquatic vegetation. A 3 mm radiometer is used to measure the radiant characteristics of water pollution. Compared to 3 layer dielectric model, the simulation result of multilayer dielectric model is in better accordance with the experimental data, which shows that the multilayer dielectric model can model aquatic vegetation’s radiant characteristics more precisely. This result shows that water has millimeter wave radiant characteristics of low brightness temperature, cold target compared to aquatic vegetation. Based on the study of water’s brightness temperatures and aquatic vegetation’s radiant characteristics, the radiant characteristics can be used to monitor aquatic vegetation.

WPA1 encodes a vWA domain protein that regulates wheat plant architecture

Plant height,spike,leaf,stem and grain morphologies are key components of plant architecture and related to wheat yield.A wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)mutant,wpa1,displaying temperaturedependent pleiotropic developmental anomalies,was isolated.The WPA1 gene,encoding a von Willebrand factor type A(vWA)domain protein,was located on chromosome arm 7DS and isolated by map-based cloning.The functionality of WPA1 was validated by multiple independent EMS-induced mutants and gene editing.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WPA1 is monocotyledon-specific in higher plants.The identification of WPA1 provides opportunity to study the temperature regulated wheat development and grain yield.

Poorly Crystalline Ru_0.4Sn_0.6O₂Nanocomposites Coated on Ti Substrate with High Pseudocapacitance for Electrochemical Supercapacitors

Poorly crystalline Ru0.4Sn0.6O2 solid solution with size about 2 nm coated on Ti substrate was prepared by thermal decomposition at 260°C. The electrodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for structural and morphological studies. The Capacitance properties of the electrodes were tested by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge tests. The results show that the electrodes have mud-cracks structure with cracks 0.2 μm in width. The electrode has stable electrochemical capacitor properties with a maximum specific capacitance of 648 F/g within a scan potential window –0.1 - 1.0 V in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution.

Hemin blocks TIGIT/PVR interaction and induces ferroptosis to elicit synergistic effects of cancer immunotherapy

The immune checkpoint TIGIT/PVR blockade exhibits significant antitumor effects through activation of NK and CD8^(+)T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)could induce tumor ferroptosis through IFN-γreleased by immune cells,indicating the synergetic effects of ICB with ferroptosis in inhibiting tumor growth.However,the development of TIGIT/PVR inhibitors with ferroptosis-inducing effects has not been explored yet.In this study,the small molecule Hemin that could bind withTIGIT to block TIGIT/PVR interaction was screened by virtual molecular docking and cell-based blocking assay.Hemin could effectively restore the IL-2 secretion from Jurkat-hTIGIT cells.Hemin reinvigorated the function of CD8^(+)T cells to secrete IFN-γand the elevated IFN-γcould synergize with Hemin to induce ferroptosis in tumor cells.Hemin inhibited tumor growth by boosting CD8^(+)T cell immune response and inducing ferroptosis in CT26 tumor model.More importantly,Hemin in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade exhibited more effective antitumor efficacy in anti-PD-1 resistant B16 tumor model.In summary,our finding indicated that Hemin blocked TIGIT/PVR interaction and induced tumor cell ferroptosis,which provided a new therapeutic strategy to combine immunotherapy and ferroptosis for cancer treatment.

Relationship between environmental evolution and human activities in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau throughout the past millennium and its implications for the onset of the Anthropocene

In current research on the Anthropocene, assessing the impact of human activities via stratigraphic records of sediments and demarcating the Anthropocene epoch globally are critical scientific issues that urgently need to be addressed. The northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP), where humans first settled permanently in large numbers in the QXP, has varying sedimentary environments that are extremely sensitive to human activities. In contrast to other regions of the QXP, the northeastern sector boasts a richer array of climatic and environmental reconstruction sequences. This distinctive feature renders it an exemplary locale for investigating the stratigraphic boundary of the Anthropocene. Through in-depth analysis and integration of existing paleoclimate and paleoenvironment sequences in the northeastern QXP, we draw the following conclusions:(1) Throughout the past millennium, the impact of human activities on the environment of the northeastern QXP has become increasingly significant, especially in the past 200–300 years, gradually overshadowing climatic factors.(2) Since AD 1950,multiple physicochemical indicators related to human activities in the northeastern QXP have shown exponential growth,forming a distinct peak within the past millennium and clearly depicting the global “Great Acceleration” phenomenon and its development process.(3) Intensified human activities have driven swift environmental shifts and “decoupled” the interplay between climatic variations and the ecological environment, propelling the northeastern QXP into the “Early Anthropocene”from the “Late Holocene”. On the basis of the above findings, we construct a model suitable for identifying the stratigraphic boundary of the Anthropocene in the northeastern QXP and note that since the ecological environment in the northeastern QXP has entered the “Early Anthropocene”, the climate signals of certain physicochemical indicators in sediments are gradually becoming weaker, whereas the signals of human activities are becoming stronger.

基于XMPP协议的多源遥感应用智能管理系统设计与实现

针对多源(基于C++、C#、Java等语言编写)遥感应用同质化、安装包庞大和管理不便的问题,提出了一种基于XMPP协议的多源遥感应用智能管理系统解决方案。在研究分析了XMPP协议和多源遥感应用特点的基础上,扩展了XMPP协议的消息体接口,设计了集多源遥感应用定制、安装、更新和删除四位一体的智能管理架构,基于开源Spark项目搭建了多源遥感应用智能管理系统。通过在高分项目中的推广应用,该系统可节约40%的用户存储空间,提高了多源遥感应用的网络化安装效率,方便了用户对多源遥感应用的管理;即时通讯技术的集成也实现了不同用户之间的协同工作能力,有效提升了用户体验。

Mapping a leaf senescence gene els1 by BSR-Seq in common wheat

Leaf senescence is normally the last stage of plant development. Early senescence of functional leaves significantly reduces the photosynthetic time and efficiency, seriously affecting grain yield and quality in wheat. Discovering genes responsible for early leaf senescence(els) are necessary for developing novel germplasms and cultivars with delayed leaf-senescence through molecular manipulation and marker assisted selection. In this study, we identified an early leaf senescence line M114 in a derivative of a wheat breeding population. Genetic analysis indicated that early leaf senescence in M114 is controlled by a single recessive gene, provisionally designated els1. By applying bulked segregant analysis and RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq), seven polymorphic markers linked to els1 were developed and the gene was located on chromosome arm 2 BS in a 1.5 c M genetic interval between markers WGGB303 and WGGB305. A co-segregating marker, WGGB302, provide a starting point for fine mapping and map-based cloning of els1.

An Improved Kalman Filter Positioning Method in NLOS Environment

In the precision positioning system, NLOS(Non Line of Sight) propagation and clock synchronization error caused by multiple base stations are the main reasons for reducing the reliability of communication and positioning accuracy. So, in the NLOS environment, it has an important role to eliminate the clock synchronization problem in the positioning system. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved Kalman filter localization method NLOS-K(Non Line of Sight-Kalman filter). First, the maximum likelihood estimation algorithm is used to iterate. Then, the Kalman filter algorithm is implemented and the Kalman gain matrix is redefined. The clock drift is compensated so that the clock between the master and slave base stations remains synchronized. The experimental results show that in the non-lineof-sight environment, compared with other algorithms, the positioning accuracy error of the improved algorithm is about 5 cm, and the accuracy compared with other algorithms is 97%. In addition, the influence of bandwidth and spectral density on the method is analyzed, and the accuracy and stability of positioning are improved as a whole.

Genotypes Diversity of Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Caused by Human Sapovirus-Beijing Municipality,China,2015-2021

Introduction:Human sapovirus(HuSaV)is an enteric virus responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis(AGE)globally.A seven-year active surveillance study was conducted to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HuSaVs associated with AGE outbreaks in Chaoyang District of Beijing Municipality,China from January 2015 to December 2021.Methods:Fecal and anal swab samples were obtained from patients experiencing AGE outbreaks.HuSaVs were identified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and partial viral protein 1(VP1)sequences(approximately 434 base pairs)were utilized for genotyping,single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)analysis,and phylogenetic examination.Results:HuSaVs were identified in 71 AGE outbreaks,demonstrating a detection rate of 10.5%,second only to norovirus.The primary demographic affected by HuSaV were children under the age of 5 in kindergarten settings.Infection rates tended to peak during two distinct periods:May to June and September to December.Upon genotyping,seven distinct genotypes emerged.GII.3 was the most prevalent,accounting for 54.9%of cases,followed by GI.1(12.7%),GI.2(9.9%),GII.5(7.0%),GI.5(2.8%),GI.6(1.4%),GII.1(1.4%),and untyped cases(9.9%).A phylogenetic analysis of GII.3 identified three distinct groups,with 15 notable SNPs observed.Conclusions:This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the persistent prevalence of HuSaV outbreaks in Chaoyang District,Beijing Municipality,China.Over time,the diversity of HuSaV subtypes has shifted,and it is now recognized as the second leading viral agent responsible for AGE outbreaks.This highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance in the future.

胆囊板Laennec膜间隙逆行分离联合Pringle法在困难胆囊LC术中应用(附视频)

目的探讨胆囊板Laennec膜间隙逆行分离联合Pringle法在困难胆囊腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)术中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2021年12月湖南省吉首大学第一附属医院行困难胆囊LC的98例患者临床资料。其中男36例,女62例;年龄24~85岁,中位年龄49岁。患者均签署知情同意书,符合医学伦理学规定。根据手术方式将患者分为实验组(58例)和对照组(40例)。实验组采用胆囊板Laennec膜间隙逆行分离联合Pringle法行LC,对照组行传统LC。两组手术时间、术中出血量等比较采用t检验,术后并发症等比较采用Fisher确切概率法。结果实验组无中转开腹,对照组中转开腹6例,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004)。实验组平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间分别为(63±9)min、(17±6)ml、(7.1±0.9)d,明显少于对照组的(80±8)min、(47±6)ml、(7.5±0.9)d(t=-9.75,-25.25,-2.02;P<0.05)。两组术后引流量、术后肝功能、术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用胆囊板Laennec膜间隙逆行分离联合Pringle法行困难胆囊LC,可有效控制术中出血,有利于安全分离和保护重要管道,减少中转开腹率,有效缩短手术时间,加速术后康复。

Functional characterization of powdery mildew resistance gene MIIW172,a new Pm60 allele and its allelic variation in wild emmer wheat

Wild emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccoides,WEW)is an immediate progenitor of both the cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and it harbors rich genetic diversity against powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt).A powdery mildew resistance gene Ml I^(W172)originated from WEW accession I^(W172)(G-797-M)is fine mapped in a 0.048 centimorgan(c M)genetic interval on 7 AL,corresponding to a genomic region spanning 233 kb,1 Mb and 800 kb in Chinese Spring,WEW Zavitan,and T.urartu G1812,respectively.Ml I^(W172)encodes a typical NLR protein NLRI^(W172)and physically locates in an NBS-LRR gene cluster.NLRI^(W172)is subsequently identified as a new allele of Pm60,and its function is validated by EMS mutagenesis and transgenic complementation.Haplotype analysis of the Pm60 alleles reveals diversifications in sequence variation in the locus and presence and absence variations(PAV)in WEW populations.Four common single nucleotide variations(SNV)are detected between the Pm60 alleles from WEW and T.urartu,indicative of speciation divergence between the two different wheat progenitors.The newly identified Pm60 alleles and haplotypes in WEW are anticipated to be valuable for breeding powdery mildew resistance wheat cultivars via marker-assisted selection.

Tumor suppressor p53 functions as an essential antiviral molecule against Japanese encephalitis virus

Japanese encephalitis virus （jEV） is a mosquito-borne virus of the family Flaviviridae. It is the causative agent of Japanese encephalitis with approximately 50,000 infection cases and 10,000 fatal cases annually in Asia （Erlanger et al., 2009）. Although liveattenuated JEV vaccine has been developed and used for human and pig vaccination, JE occurs epidemically or sporadically in some developing countries or even in vaccinated areas （Solomon, 2006）. Host resistance factors play an important role in the outcome of viral infection.

Structural insights into signal transduction of the purinergic receptors P2Y_(1)R and P2Y_(12)R

Dear Editor,The purinergic receptors(P2YRs)are involved in a variety of physiological processes,including proliferation,chemotaxis,cancer metastasis,cardiovascular events,neurodegenerative diseases and aging(Weisman et al.,2012).Thus far,eight human P2YRs have been characterized and are classified into two subfamilies based on their sequence homology and signal transduction mechanisms,including P2Y1 R-like receptors that signal preferentially through Gq/11 proteins and P2Y12R-like receptors that activate Gi/o proteins(Abbracchio et al.,2006).

基因编辑技术对大肠杆菌yjjW基因点突变的两步法策略

【目的】为了实现对大肠杆菌靶基因的点突变,本研究将同源重组系统与CRISPR-Cas9技术相结合,探索一种高效、简捷的两步法策略。【方法】将靶基因的上下游同源臂和标记基因(amp)与pKOV质粒连接,获得pKOV-HR重组质粒。将pKOV-HR转化至大肠杆菌,借助其自身RecA重组系统,介导DNA发生同源重组,获得靶基因敲除菌株。随后,靶基因的点突变采用pSGKP-km和pCasKP-apr双质粒系统。首先,设计与amp结合具有定向引导作用的spacer序列,并利用overlap PCR获得带有靶基因点突变的同源臂,将spacer和同源臂与pSGKP-km质粒连接,获得重组质粒pSGKP-km-spacer-HR;接着,将pSGKP-km-spacer-HR和pCasKP-apr质粒转化至上述敲除菌株;最后,利用质粒表达的Cas9切割蛋白和λ-Red重组蛋白,发生DNA同源重组,获得靶基因点突变菌株。【结果】利用上述方法,既成功获得了大肠杆菌yjjW敲除菌株D7ΔyjjW::ampR,又实现了yjjW第24位碱基T到C的点突变,获得点突变菌株D7yjjW-24。【结论】本研究建立了一种高效、简捷的大肠杆菌靶基因点突变方法,amp基因的插入提供了有效的筛选标记,此外该方法建立的重组质粒pSGKP-km-spacer,可应用于同种菌株其他靶基因的点突变,能够缩短后续实验操作,为基因编辑技术的发展提供了科学理论以及实验操作基础。

多囊卵巢综合征患者肠道菌群和生化免疫分子特征

【目的】比较多囊卵巢综合征(polycysticovariansyndrome,PCOS)患者与健康对照间肠道菌群谱结构特征差异,并探讨多囊卵巢综合征患者差异菌群与生化免疫指标之间的联系。【方法】选取初诊多囊卵巢综合征患者23例和健康女性对照23例,每例患者于初诊时留取粪便标本和血液标本,粪便标本提取DNA进行宏基因组测序,血清用于检测性激素和炎症因子。通过生物信息分析比较多囊卵巢综合征患者与健康对照间肠道菌群谱结构特征差异,以及与相关指标的联系。【结果】发现多囊卵巢综合征患者与健康对照的肠道菌群在门、属、种水平均有明显差异。两组间差异菌种为4个,普通拟杆菌(Bacteroides vulgatus)和弗格森埃希菌(Escherichia fergusonii)在PCOS组中的相对丰度高于对照组,并且这两种菌与PCOS的发病机制密切相关。凸腹真杆菌(Eubacteriumventriosum)和Subdoligranulum unclassified菌的相对丰度低于健康对照组。其中普通拟杆菌、凸腹真杆菌和Subdoligranulum unclassified菌3个菌种彼此间存在相关性,差异菌种与生化免疫指标间也存在相关性。发现布鲁米球菌、棒状戈登菌、脱硫弧菌、凸腹真杆菌、斯特雷沃菌5个菌的组合在PCOS患者早期诊断中具有较好的诊断效能。基因分析发现,鸟苷核苷酸从头生物合成的超途径I基因通路在PCOS人群中富集。【结论】多囊卵巢综合征患者与对照组间的肠道菌群和生化免疫指标均具有差异,并具有一定相关性,为PCOS患者的综合性诊疗提供了方向。

Emerging low-nuclearity supported metal catalysts with atomic level precision for efficient heterogeneous catalysis

Supported atomically dispersed metal catalysts(ADMCs)have received enormous attention due to their high atom utilization efficiency,mass activity and excellent selectivity.Single-atom site catalysts(SACs)with monometal-center as the quintessential ADMCs have been extensively studied in the catalysis-related fields.Beyond SACs,novel atomically dispersed metal catalysts(NADMCs)with flexible active sites featuring two or more catalytically centers including dual-atom and triple-atom catalysts have drawn ever-increasing attention recently.Owing to the presence of multiple neighboring active sites,NADMCs could exhibit much higher activity and selectivity compared with SACs,especially in those complicated reactions with multi-step intermediates.This review comprehensively outlines the recent exciting advances on the NADMCs with emphasis on the deeper understanding of the synergistic interactions among multiple metal atoms and underlying structure-performance relationships.It starts with the systematical introduction of principal synthetic approaches for NADMCs highlighting the key issues of each fabrication method including the atomically precise control in the design of metal nuclearity,and then the state-of-the-art characterizations for identifying and monitoring the atomic structure of NADMCs are explored.Thereafter,the recent development of NADMCs in energy-related applications is systematically discussed.Finally,we provide some new insights into the remaining challenges and opportunities for the development of NADMCs.

Mid-temperature thermoelectric performance of zone-melted Sb_(2)(Te,Se)_(3) alloys near phase transition boundary

(Bi,Sb)_(2)(Te,Se)_(3) alloys are widely used commercial thermoelectric(TE)materials for solid-state refrigeration around room temperature.The composition-induced structural phase transition could be realized by varying the compositions in these alloys,which may largely alter the electronic structure and phonon dispersion.Among them,the Se-alloyed Sb_(2)Te_(3) accompanied with structural transition is seldom reported.Herein,the interrelations of Se-alloying induced changes in structural phase transition,band structure and TE properties of p-type zone-melted Sb_(2)Te_(3-x)Se_(x)(x=1.5-2.4)alloys near phase transition boundary are systematically investigated.The results demonstrate that Sb_(2)Te_(3-x)Se_(x) shows a structural transition from a rhombohedral phase to mixed structure at x=2.0.The carrier concentration and bandgap at room temperature of Sb_(2)Te_(3)-xSex(x=1.5-2.4)constantly decrease with increasing Se contents x.The zT peak of the Sb_(2)TeSe_(2) matrix is improved and shifted to higher temperature by optimizing carrier concentration via Ag doping.A maximum zT of~0.4 is obtained at 680 K in Sb_(1.97)Ag_(0.03)TeSe_(2) alloy,about 100% enhancement compared with the undoped sample.

Flexible organic-inorganic hybrid bioceramic for bone tissue regeneration

Development of novel biomaterials for bone regeneration is based on the sufficient bone-bonding ability,bioactivity and biocompatibility.In this study,novel flexible poly(butylene succinate)/polydimethysiloxane-modified bioactive glass/nano-hydroxyapatite(PBSu/PDMS-BG/nHA)hybrid bioceramic with various nHA concentration on the in vitro bone-like hydroxyapatite(HA)formation,biomineralization activity and osteoblast cell biocompatibility were investigated.The rapid precipitation of HA on the hybrid bioceramic surfaces was found after being immersed in simulated body fluid(SBF)for seven days.Results show that the amount of HA deposition increased with the increase of nHA concentration.The optimized PBSu/PDMS-BG/nHA hybrid bioceramic exhibited good flexibility,high biomineralization activity and good osteoblast cell biocompatibility.

A novel privacy preserving data aggregation scheme with data integrity and fault tolerance for smart grid communications

1 Introduction By making the best of the information technology in smart grid,considerable power energy can be effectively saved[1,2].However,frequently collecting userJs power consumption data incurs privacy disclosure issues.Meanwhile,data integrity is also critical to make the decisions to be more credible and reliable.And the smart meters for collecting electricity consumptions are prone to communication failures for being deployed in unattended environment commonly.