Research Progress of Carbon-Silicone Composite Materials

Silicone is a kind of polymer material with high cross-linked structure,which is com-posed by Si-O-Si main chain.Due to the special molecular chain structure,silicone mate-rials are characterized by oxidation resistance,aging resistance,high and low temperature resistance and chemical corrosion resistance.Moreover,silicone materials have process-able properties,simple forming process,good mechanical property,non-toxic and pollution-free.Therefore,silicone has been widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad.In this paper,the main research progress and application directions of carbon-silicone composite at home and abroad in recent years are reviewed.

A tale of planet formation: from dust to planets

The characterization of exoplanets and their birth protoplanetary disks has enormously advanced in the last decade.Benefitting from that,our global understanding of the planet formation processes has been substantially improved.In this review,we first summarize the cutting-edge states of the exoplanet and disk observations.We further present a comprehensive panoptic view of modern core accretion planet formation scenarios,including dust growth and radial drift,planetesimal formation by the streaming instability,core growth by planetesimal accretion and pebble accretion.We discuss the key concepts and physical processes in each growth stage and elaborate on the connections between theoretical studies and observational revelations.Finally,we point out the critical questions and future directions of planet formation studies.

Effects of hydrological connection and human disturbance on genetic variation of submerged Vallisneria natans populations in four lakes in China

With the increase in the need for flood prevention and lake resource used by humans,the construction of floodgates and sluices has changed the hydrological connection between rivers and lakes,and between adjacent lakes.In river-disconnected lakes,exploitation and use of lake resources have resulted in water quality decline and mechanical disturbance intensification to a different degree.Of the large number of river-disconnected lakes in the middle-lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River,the Futou Lake,and the Xiliang Lake lie close together and are,historically,directly connected,and so do Liangzi Lake and Baoan Lake.The extent of human disturbance is severe in the Futou Lake and the Baoan Lake,but relatively mild in the Xiliang Lake and Liangzi Lake.The freshwater rosette-forming submerged plant Vallisneria natans is one of the dominant species in the four lakes.Using microsatellite markers,we studied the genetic variation of V.natans subpopulations in lakes with different intensities of human disturbance and historical direct hydrological connections.Our results showed that human disturbance decreased plant density and clonal growth in V.natans,but might increase genetic and clonal diversity at a subpopulation level and enhance gene flow among subpopulations by sexual propagule movement.Under similar climatic conditions,different intensities of disturbance seem to have such a high selective potential to differentiate genetically adjacent lake populations that they outperform the forces of gene flow through historical direct hydrological interconnection,which tends to produce genetic homogeneity.Our findings imply that human disturbance has a profound eff ect on the evolutionary process of natural populations of submerged plants.Moreover,increased subpopulation genetic diversity can enhance resistance and resilience to environmental disturbances.To a certain degree,we could expect that disturbed populations have the possibility of restoring spontaneously if humans cease to perturb natural ecosystems in the future.

An extended analysis of cardiovascular benefits of indoor air filtration intervention among elderly:a randomized crossover trial(Beijing indoor air purifier study,BIAPSY)

Objective Evidence on potential cardiovascular benefits of personal-level intervention among the elderly exposed to high levels of particulate matter(PM)remains limited.We aimed to assess improvements in surrogate markers of cardiovascular injury in vulnerable populations at risks by using indoor air filtration units.Methods We conducted a randomized crossover trial for 2 separate 2-week air filtration interventions in 20 households of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their partners in the winter of 2013,with concurrent measurements of indoor PM.The changes in biomarkers indicative of cardiac injury,atherosclerosis progression and systemic inflammation following intervention were evaluated using linear mixed-effect models.Results In the analysis,average levels of indoor PM with aerodynamic diameters<2.5µm(PM2.5)decreased significantly by 59.2%(from 59.6 to 24.3µg/m3,P<0.001)during the active air filtration.The reduction was accompanied by improvements in levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I by−84.6%(95%confidence interval[CI]:−90.7 to−78.6),growth differentiation factor-15 by−48.1%(95%CI:−31.2 to−25.6),osteoprotegerin by−65.4%(95%CI:−56.5 to−18.7),interleukin-4 by−46.6%(95%CI:−62.3 to−31.0)and myeloperoxidase by−60.3%(95%CI:−83.7 to−3.0),respectively.Conclusion Indoor air filtration intervention may provide potential cardiovascular benefits in vulnerable populations at risks.

Anthracene Adsorption to Particles and Water-Stable Aggregates of Mangrove Sediment in Jiulong River Estuary, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in mangroves has drawn much attention, but knowledge of the sorption of PAHs in mangrove sediment is limited. This study investigated the particles and water-stable aggregates (WSA) of mangrove sediment in Jiulong River Estuary, China, and the characteristics of anthracene adsorption to them. The adsorption of anthracene was strongly influenced by the physicochemical and structural properties of sediment particles and WSA. The main sorbents of mangrove sediment were carbonized particles and clays. The porous structure of carbonized particles made it easy to sequestrate sequester the anthracene, and the aging allowed anthracene to move into deeper sites of the carbonized particles. Clays had high anthracene-fixing capacities, and they included organic matters and formed aggregates. The sorption contents coefficient Kf of anthracene with WSA of different sizes increased in the order 0.063 - 0.25 mm > 0.063 mm > 0.25 - 1.0 mm > 1.0 mm. The order was correlated with which due to the contents and characteristics of organic matters in the aggregates.

Research Progress of HPV L1 Capsid Protein in Prediction of Cervical Lesions

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant gynecological tumors and has the second highest incidence of all malignancies in females.Chronic and persistent infection with High Risk Human Papillomavirus(HR-HPV)is the main cause of cervical cancer.There is a distinct lack of methodology by which to determine whether cervical epithelial dysplasia is cancerous following HPV infection.HPV L1 capsid protein is a major structural protein of human papillomavirus(HPV),and it is the main target of the local cellular immune response aiming to combat human papillomavirus after HPV infection within cervical cells.Greater understanding of HPV L1 capsid protein and its association with cervical cytology,histopathology,patient age and human papillomavirus viral load has the potential to contribute toward improved the diagnosis and management of cervical cancer,providing useful information for gynecological clinicians in the hope of improving patient treatment and quality of life.This article reviews the predictive utility of HPV L1 capsid protein for cervical lesions.

A transferrin receptor targeting dual-modal MR/NIR fluorescent imaging probe for glioblastoma diagnosis

The prognosis of glioblastoma(GBM)remains challenging,primarily due to the lack of a precise,effective imaging technique for comprehensively characterization.Addressing GBM diagnostic challenges,our study introduces an innovative dual-modal imaging that merges near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent imaging with magnetic resonance imaging(MR).This method employs superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticies coated with NIR fluorescent dyes,specifically Cyanine 7,and targeted peptides.This synthetic probe facilitates MRI functionality through superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles,provides NIR imaging capability via Cyanine 7 and enhances tumor targeting trough peptide interactions,offering a comprehensive diagnostic tool for GBM.Notably,the probe traverses the blood-brain barrier,targeting GBM in vivo via peptides,producing clear and discermible images in both modalities.Cytotoxicity and histopathology assessments confirm the probe's favorable safet profile.These findings suggest that the dual-modal MRINIR fluorescent imaging probe could revolutionize GBM prognosis and survival rate which can also be extended to other tumors type.

Comprehensive evaluation framework for intervention on health effects of ambient temperature

Despite the existence of many interventions to mitigate or adapt to the health effects of climate change,their effectiveness remains unclear.Here,we introduce the Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Intervention on Health Effects of Ambient Temperature to evaluate study designs and effects of intervention studies.The framework comprises three types of interventions:proactive,indirect,and direct,and four categories of indicators:classification,methods,scope,and effects.We trialed the framework by an evaluation of existing intervention studies.The evaluation revealed that each intervention has its own applicable characteristics in terms of effectiveness,feasibility,and generalizability scores.We expanded the framework's potential by offering a list of intervention recommendations in different scenarios.Future applications are then explored to establish models of the relationship between study designs and intervention effects,facilitating effective interventions to address the health effects of ambient temperature under climate change.

面向可持续发展的资源关联研究:现状与展望

中国传统文化认为“金、木、水、火、土”五行相生相克,这是最早描述物质要素之间相互关联的系统性学说.在现代科学语境中,支撑和制约可持续发展的关键自然资源主要包括矿产资源、生物质资源、水资源、能源和土地资源,大致与“五行”对应.它们之间存在广泛的依赖、替代、竞争和互补关系.近10年来,全球兴起了“资源关联”(resources nexus)的研究热潮.本文对资源关联研究进行了文献计量分析,综述了常用研究方法、模型和数据,分析了资源关联的驱动力、影响因素及其对社会经济可持续发展的作用.主要发现如下:(1)日益紧密的资源关联关系对可持续发展的影响不断增强;(2)全球化驱使资源关联由区域性向全球性开放系统延伸;(3)资源关联使可持续发展目标之间既存在协同也存在冲突;(4)资源关联对社会经济可持续发展转型既有促进也有制约作用.未来可以在四方面深化该领域的研究:(1)拓展资源关联的研究范畴;(2)揭示资源关联的内在机制及其影响;(3)构建通用、开放、共享、可拓展的数据平台;(4)加强资源关联研究的可持续发展决策支撑能力.

太行山华北豹袭击家畜的时空特点与管理建议:以山西省和顺县为例

人兽冲突是全球野生动物保护面临的共同挑战。袭击家畜是大型食肉动物引发人兽冲突的主要原因之一,如果管理不当还会导致针对大型食肉动物的报复性猎杀等严重威胁。冲突的缓解需要深入了解冲突发生的规律与原因,评估当地社区与居民的态度与看法,以采取因地制宜的管理措施。太行山是华北豹(Panthera pardus japonensis)的核心分布区,华北豹袭击家牛的问题是该区域野生华北豹保护中面临的一大挑战。本研究以山西省和顺县为研究区域,在多方联合发起的“和顺县华北豹袭击家牛肇事补偿项目”实施过程中,系统收集了2015–2019年期间华北豹袭击家畜事件的记录,结合同期的红外相机监测数据,探究了袭击事件的时空分布格局,并从生境和猎物的角度分析了背后的原因。本文还评估了豹肇事造成的经济损失,以及受损农户对华北豹的态度和对补偿的满意度。2015–2019年,项目区域内共记录到华北豹袭击家牛事件195起,向116户受损农户提供补偿资金共27.05万元。分析结果显示,华北豹袭击家牛事件在夏季最多,时间上与家牛上山散放的季节重叠;袭击风险随狍(Capreoluspygargus)相对多度的上升而下降,随家牛相对多度和距村庄距离的增加而上升,但保护区内外和华北豹相对多度对袭击风险的影响不显著。对107名受损农户的访谈结果显示,华北豹袭击家牛事件虽然对当地畜牧业所造成的整体损失较小,但对受损农户而言其家庭收入损失严重,因此导致受损农户对华北豹持负面态度,且认为现有的补偿金额偏低。基于本研究的结果,我们提出如下管理建议以期缓解未来该地区华北豹带来的人兽冲突:(1)加强放牧管理、改进管理方式,特别是限制牛群离开村庄的距离,以及在家牛散放期间将牛群每晚赶回牛圈以降低家畜被袭击的风险;(2)开展禁牧试点,严格划分允许放牧与禁止放牧的区域;(3)继续开展华北豹袭击家牛的定损与补偿工作,降低当地农户的经济损失,同时开展社区走访、自然教育,提升当地居民对华北豹的容忍度;(4)加强野生动物种群的监测与保护,促进人与野生动物的和谐共存。

The landscape of aging

Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity,leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death.It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases,including cardiovascular disease,diabetes,neurological degeneration,and cancer.Therefore,the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences.In recent years,there has been unprecedented progress in aging research,particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes.In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases,we review the descriptive,conceptual,and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular,tissue,organ,organ system,and organismal levels.

Development of a rapid and sensitivity magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay for DNA methyltransferase 1 in human serum

DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1)is a useful biomarker for lung cancer in early clinical diagnosis.A rapid magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay(MCLIA)for DNMT1 in human serum has been developed.Horseradish peroxidase(HRP)-second-Ab was used to labeled polyclonal antibodies of anti-DNMT1.DNMT1 in sample integrates with specific immunomagnetic beads and can constitute a supersandwiched immunoreaction.In magnetic field,nonspecific materials can be separated.After luminescent substrate luminol-H2O2-BIP was added,the relative light unit(RLU)of HRP was detected and was discovered to be directly proportional to the content of DNMT1 in sample.The correlative variables involved in the MCLIA value were optimized and the methodological evaluation was carried out.After optimization,in the range of0.5–128 ng/mL,the linear regression equation was y=0.5014 x+1.769(x was logCDNMT1,y was relative luminescence units(RLU)/RLU0),and the limit of detection was 0.01 ng/mL.The RSD of intra-and interassays were 15.8%–16.9%and 14.3%–18.1%,respectively.The recovery was from 70.0%to 106.2%.Furthermore,paralleled with purchasable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits,MCLEIA had lower detection limit,wider linear range and shorter detection time.Therefore,the MCLEIA established in this study could be used for the sensitive detection of DNMT1 in serum sample.

中国猫科动物红外相机监测平台介绍:民间环保机构的数据整合

中国猫科动物红外相机监测平台始建于2007年,致力于评估中国12种本土野生猫科动物的保护现状,并推动猫科动物保护。该平台由中国猫科动物保护联盟(猫盟)牵头组织,与科研院所、高校、保护组织、政府部门、保护地管理机构等合作开展监测。监测点涵盖我国10个省/自治区28个监测点,包括自然保护区、风景名胜区、社会公益保护地、林场、非保护地等多种类型。根据调查目标和内容,红外相机采用网格化布设和沿样线布设两种调查方案。监测数据由猫盟集中管理,并与保护地共享使用。截至2019年12月,平台共设置有效调查/监测位点939个,有效相机工作日合计约283,239天,获得有效独立探测164,262次,积累红外相机照片/视频约25万份(删除连续空拍后),另有约5万份待处理。记录到分属7目24科的91种野生兽类与分属9目23科的102种野生鸟类物种,其中国家I、Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物分别有25种与55种。在23个监测点记录到10种猫科动物,独立探测共6,507次,其中金钱豹(Panthera pardus)3,196次(50.7%),豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)2,817次(44.7%)。加强监测数据分析能力、评估濒危猫科动物种群现状、建立志愿者工作团队是猫科动物监测平台今后的重点工作方向。

Determination of Electrical Conductivity of Cadaver Skeletal Muscle: A Promising Method for the Estimation of Late Postmortem Interval

The electrical conductivity(EC)of extracted muscle fluid has been extensively used to evaluate meat freshness and shelf life in the field of food sanitation for decades.The opposite of freshness is the corruption that increases with time.Based on the freshness/corruption principle,we investigated the relationship between long postmortem intervals(PMIs)and EC in cadaver skeletal muscle.EC values of extracted fluid from rat muscles were measured at different PMIs for 10 days.The results indicate that there was a significant correlation between PMI and EC,and the data fit well to the cubic polynomial regression equation y=‑0.01x3+0.264x2‑13.657x+1769.148(R2=0.925).In addition,the EC of different dilutions of these muscle extracts showed strict quadratic correlation(R2=1)with the dilution ratios,suggesting that EC can be measured with very small quantities of muscle sample.Our study suggests that determination of the EC of cadaver skeletal muscle extracts may be a useful method for estimating long PMIs.

FTO stabilizes MIS12 and counteracts senescence

Dear Editor, N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is an abundant epitranscriptomic modification that regulates messenger RNA(mRNA)biology.The m6A modification regulates mRNA splicing,transport,stability,and translation through coordinated activities by methyltransferases(writers),binding proteins(readers),and demethylases(erasers)(Huang et al.,2020;Wu et al.,2020).Among m6A regulators,fat mass of obesity-associ-ated protein(FTO),is the first discovered eraser with RNA m6A demethylation activity(Jia et al.,2011).Since then,FTO has been reported to play m6A-dependent roles in a variety of physiological processes including adipogenesis,neuro-genesis and tumorigenesis(Fischer et al.,2009;Li et al.,2017;Huang et al.,2020).Consequently,FTO deficiency in mice leads to dramatic phenotypes,such as decreased fat mass and impaired brain development(Fischer et al.,2009;Li et al.,2017).Similarly,inhibition of FTO reduces tumori-genesis in multiple types of cancer models,while FTO is highly expressed in many cancers(Huang et al.,2020).

Drivers and barriers to engage enterprises in environmental management initiatives in Suzhou Industrial Park,China

Small-and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)play an important role in sustainable development not only for their significant contribution to China’s economy,but also for their large share of total discharged pollutants.Therefore,this research takes the enterprises in Suzhou Industrial Park,China as the case study to investigate the environmental management practices of SMEs,and identify drivers and barriers to engaging businesses in environmental management initiatives.It is shown that,as in other countries,SMEs are less active in adopting environmental management initiatives than larger companies.Legislation remains the key driver to engage SMEs in environmental management initiatives.Based on the analysis,policy recommendations are also presented.

Evolution model of a modern delta fed by a seasonal river in Daihai Lake,North China:determined from groundpenetrating radar and trenches

While deltas fed by seasonal rivers are common in modem sedimentary environments,their characteristics remain unclear as compared to those fed by perennial rivers.This study identifies a small delta discharged by a seasonal stream flowing into Daihai Lake,in northern China,which is driven by ephemeral and high-energy flood events.Detailed 3D facies architecture was analyzed using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and sedimentary logs from outcrop and trenches.Four types of radar surfaces,including truncations of underlying inclined strata,weak reflections,and depositional surface of downlap and onlap,were identified.Six radar facies (highangle obliquetangential,low-angle subparallel,gently plane parallel,plane-parallel,chaotic,and continuous strong reflection) were identified based on distinctive reflections,including amplitude,continuity,dip,and termination patterns.Five depositional units (Unit A to E) were documented from proximal to distal delta.Seasonal discharge signatures include significant grain-size decrease over short distance,abundant Froude supercritical flow sedimentary structures,poorly developed barforms,and small-scale scour and fill structures.Records of lake-level and sediment budget were evaluated over the past 60 years.In highstand stage (1960- 1980),amalgamated channel (Units A and B),and delta front (Unit C) were deposited.In slope stage (1980-1996),the lower deposits (Units A,B,C) were eroded by Unit D with a distinct truncation surface.In lowstand stage,most eroded sediments bypassed the incised channel and accumulated in the distal part,in which a new depositional unit was formed (Unit E).The model demonstrates that deltas fed by seasonal rivers tend to accumulate large amounts of sediments carried by high magnitude floods within short periods.

A facile design for multifunctional AIEgen based on tetraaniline derivatives

Aniline oligomers have been widely used in many fields due to their excellent physicochemical properties. Owing to strong intermolecular interactions, their emission is always weakened or quenched when they are in high concentration or aggregated state, which greatly limits their fluorescent applications. Inspired by the concept of aggregation-induced emission(AIE), herein we introduced large steric groups onto the aniline oligomer to prevent the formation of packing structure. In particular, diphenyl vinyl group was bonded with oligomeric tetraaniline by a facile synthetic procedure with high yield. The obtained aniline oligomer derivative exhibited typical AIE features, which was also confirmed by density functional theoretical calculation. More importantly, this AIE oligomer was able to detect Fe^(3+) ions selectively and quantitatively. The fluorescence intensity decreased linearly along with the increment of Fe^(3+) concentration. Moreover, we demonstrated that this AIE oligomer could stain live bacteria, such as E. coli and S. aureus efficiently. All these results suggest that such a readily accessible and multifunctional tetraaniline derivative provides a new platform for the construction of fluorescent materials.

Nitrate transporter NRT1.1 and anion channel SLAH3 form a functional unit to regulate nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity

Ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))are major inorganic nitrogen(N)sources for plants.When serving as the sole or dominant N supply,NH_(4)^(+)often causes root inhibition and shoot chlorosis in plants,known as ammonium toxicity.NO_(3)^(-) usually causes no toxicity and can mitigate ammonium toxicity even at low concentrations,referred to as nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity.Our previous studies indicated a NO_(3)^(-) efflux channel SLAH3 is involved in this process.However,whether additional components contribute to NO_(3)^(-)-mediated NH_(4)^(+)detoxification is unknown.Previously,mutations in NO_(3)^(-) transporter NRT1.1 were shown to cause enhanced resistance to high concentrations of NH_(4)^(+).Whereas,in this study,we found when the high-NH_(4)^(+) medium was supplemented with low concentrations of NO_(3)^(-),nrt1.1 mutant plants showed hyper-sensitive phenotype instead.Furthermore,mutation in NRT1.1 caused enhanced medium acidification under high-NH_(4)^(+)/Iow-NO_(3)^(-) condition,suggesting NRT1.1 regulates ammonium toxicity by facilitating H+uptake.Moreover,NRT1.1 was shown to interact with SLAH3 to form a transporter-channel complex.Interestingly,SLAH3 appeared to affect NO_(3)^(-) influx while NRT1.1 influenced NO_(3)^(-) efflux,suggesting NRT1.1 and SLAH3 regulate each other at protein and/or gene expression levels.Our study thus revealed NRT1.1 and SLAH3 form a functional unit to regulate nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity through regulating NO_(3)^(-) transport and balancing rhizosphere acidification.

A zero-sum game or an interactive frame?Iron competition between bacteriaand humans ininfectionwar

Iron is an essential trace element for both humans and bacteria.It plays a vital role in life,such as in redox reactions and electron transport.Strict regulatory mechanisms are necessary to maintain iron homeostasis because both excess and insufficient iron are harmful to life.Competition for iron is a war between humans and bacteria.To grow,reproduce,colonize,and successfully cause infection,pathogens have evolved various mechanisms for iron uptake from humans,principally Fe^(3+)-siderophore and Fe^(2+)-heme transport systems.Humans have many innate immune mechanisms that regulate the distribution of iron and inhibit bacterial iron uptake to help resist bacterial invasion and colonization.Meanwhile,researchers have invented detection test strips and coupled antibiotics with siderophores to create tools that take advantage of this battle for iron,to help eliminate pathogens.In this review,we summarize bacterial and human iron metabolism,competition for iron between humans and bacteria,siderophore sensors,antibiotics coupled with siderophores,and related phenomena.We also discuss how competition for iron can be used for diagnosis and treatment of infection inthefuture.