Reduction of the oxidative damage to H_(2)O_(2)-induced HepG2 cells via the Nrf2 signalling pathway by plant flavonoids Quercetin and Hyperoside

Hyperoside and quercetin are similar in molecular structures.In this study,the antioxidant regulatory targets of hyperoside and quercetin are mainly in the nuclear factor(erythroid-2-derived)-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway predicted by network pharmacology.And the antioxidant effect and mechanism of hyperoside and quercetin were measured and compared in H_(2)O_(2)-induced Hep G2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans.The findings indicated that quercetin was more effective than hyperoside in reducing oxidative damage,which was proved by improved cell viability,decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,decreased cellular apoptosis,and alleviated mitochondrial damage.In addition,quercetin was more efficient than hyperoside in enhancing the expression of Nrf2-associated m RNAs,increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and catalase(CAT),and reducing the cellular malondialdehyde(MDA)content.Quercetin was superior to hyperoside in prolonging the lifespan of worms,decreasing the accumulation of lipofuscin,inhibiting ROS production,and increasing the proportion of skn-1 in the nucleus.With the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385,we verified that quercetin and hyperoside primarily protected the cells against oxidative damage via the Nrf2 signalling pathway.Furthermore,molecular docking and dynamics simulations demonstrated that the quercetin-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)complex was more stable than the hyperoside-Keap1 complex.The stable structure of the complex might hinder the binding of Nrf2 and Keap1 to release Nrf2 and facilitate its entry into the nucleus to play an antioxidant role.Overall,quercetin had a better antioxidant than hyperoside.

High-entropy alloys in thermoelectric application:A selective review

Since the superior mechanical,chemical and physical properties of high-entropy alloys(HEAs)were discovered,they have gradually become new emerging candidates for renewable energy applications.This review presents the novel applications of HEAs in thermoelectric energy conversion.Firstly,the basic concepts and structural properties of HEAs are introduced.Then,we discuss a number of promising thermoelectric materials based on HEAs.Finally,the conclusion and outlook are presented.This article presents an advanced understanding of the thermoelectric properties of HEAs,which provides new opportunities for promoting their applications in renewable energy.

Development of a Gamma Spectroscopy Detector Based on SiPMs and 1" Ce:GAGG Scintillator

In the field of nuclear radiation detection, sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) and lanthanum bromide (LaBr3) are the primary scintillation crystals used for energy spectrum detectors. Furthermore, energy spectrum detectors based on gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet (Ce:GAGG) scintillation crystals are minor. In this work, a 1-inch Ce:GAGG and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are employed to construct a detector, and the coupled medium was silicone oil. An optimal SiPMs quantity scheme for the energy resolution was determined by varying the number of SiPMs coupled to Ce:GAGG and studying the effect of the different number of SiPMs on the energy resolution of the detector. Energy-resolution contrast experiments between Ce:GAGG and NaI(Tl) were performed using this scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that increasing the number of SiPMs enhances the energy resolution of the detector significantly. Notably, the energy resolution of the Ce:GAGG detector is comparable to that of the NaI(Tl) detector. Additionally, both detectors exhibit an energy linearity exceeding 99.9%. .

An integrated microfluidics platform with high-throughput single-cell cloning array and concentration gradient generator for efficient cancer drug effect screening

Background:Tumor cell heterogeneity mediated drug resistance has been recognized as the stumbling block of cancer treatment.Elucidating the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs at single-cell level in a high-throughput way is thus of great value for developing precision therapy.However,current techniques suffer from limitations in dynamically characterizing the responses of thousands of single cells or cell clones presented to multiple drug conditions.Methods:We developed a new microfluidics-based“SMART”platform that is Simple to operate,able to generate a Massive single-cell array and Multiplex drug concentrations,capable of keeping cells Alive,Retainable and Trackable in the microchambers.These features are achieved by integrating a Microfluidic chamber Array(4320 units)and a sixConcentration gradient generator(MAC),which enables highly efficient analysis of leukemia drug effects on single cells and cell clones in a high-throughput way.Results:A simple procedure produces 6 on-chip drug gradients to treat more than 3000 single cells or single-cell derived clones and thus allows an efficient and precise analysis of cell heterogeneity.The statistic results reveal that Imatinib(Ima)and Resveratrol(Res)combination treatment on single cells or clones is much more efficient than Ima or Res single drug treatment,indicated by the markedly reduced half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50).Additionally,single-cell derived clones demonstrate a higher IC_(50) in each drug treatment compared to single cells.Moreover,primary cells isolated from two leukemia patients are also found with apparent heterogeneity upon drug treatment on MAC.Conclusions:This microfluidics-based“SMART”platform allows high-throughput single-cell capture and culture,dynamic drug-gradient treatment and cell response monitoring,which represents a new approach to efficiently investigate anticancer drug effects and should benefit drug discovery for leukemia and other cancers.

Elimination of the yellow pigment gene PSY-E2 tightly linked to the Fusarium head blight resistance gene Fhb7 from Thinopyrum ponticum

Fhb7 is a major gene that was transferred from Thinopyrum ponticum to chromosome 7D of wheat(Triticum aestivum)and confers resistance to both Fusarium head blight(FHB)and Fusarium crown rot(FCR).However,Fhb7 is tightly linked to the PSY-E2 gene,which causes yellow flour,limiting its application in breeding.To break this linkage,marker K-PSY was developed for tagging PSY-E2 and used with Fhb7 markers to identify recombination between the two genes.Screening 21,000 BC1F2 backcross progeny(Chinese Spring ph1bph1b*2/SDAU 2028)revealed two Fhb7^(+)wheat-Tp7el_(2)L lines,Shannong 2–16and Shannong 16–1,that carry a desired truncated Fhb7^(+)translocation segment without PSY-E2.The two lines show levels of resistance to FHB and FCR similar to those of the original translocation line SDAU 2028,but have white flour.To facilitate Fhb7 use in wheat breeding,STS markers were developed and used to isolate Fhb7 on a truncated Tp7el_(2) translocation segment.Near-isogenic lines carrying the Fhb7^(+)segment were generated in the backgrounds of three commercial cultivars,and Fhb7^(+)lines showed increased FHB and FCR resistance without yield penalty.The breakage of the tight linkage between Fhb7 and PSY-E2 via homoeologous recombination provides genetic resources for improvement of wheat resistance to FHB and FCR and permit the large-scale deployment of Fhb7 in breeding using marker-assisted selection.

Application of SPAC method and electromagnetic wave CT in karst detection of Wuhan Metro Line 8

In recent years,karst construction projects in the built-up area of Wuhan(capital of Hubei Province,China)are increasing,and the karst geological disasters have aroused social concerns.The actual engineering projects usually use shallow geophysical exploration methods to explore karst.This paper uses Spatial Auto-Correlation Method(SPAC)and electromagnetic Computerized Tomography(CT)to detect karst in urban built-up areas.Depending on the different physical properties of rock and soil,the SPAC method can better reveal the interface between soil and rock strata and the interface between soil layers.The electromagnetic CT method can identify strata according to the apparent absorption coefficient,which can better reveal the interface between soil and rock,the interface between the more intact and weathered rock.The SPAC method is mainly qualitative to measure the low-speed area,namely,the wrong geological body i.e.,karst cave,but also can detect the fracture zone or filling mode of karst cave,and at the same time,cannot use exploration holes or logging observation.The electromagnetic CT method can accurately detect the location and scale of the karst caves and has a higher accuracy detecting karst bands.In addition,exploration holes or well logging observations are also expected to be conducted,and their detection effect is greatly affected by lithology.

Designing Advanced Liquid Electrolytes for Alkali Metal Batteries:Principles,Progress,and Perspectives

The ever-growing pursuit of high energy density batteries has triggered extensive efforts toward developing alkali metal(Li,Na,and K)battery(AMB)technologies owing to high theoretical capacities and low redox potentials of metallic anodes.Typically,for new battery systems,the electrolyte design is critical for realizing the battery electrochemistry of AMBs.Conventional electrolytes in alkali ion batteries are generally unsuitable for sustaining the stability owing to the hyper-reactivity and dendritic growth of alkali metals.In this review,we begin with the fundamentals of AMB electrolytes.Recent advancements in concentrated and fluorinated electrolytes,as well as functional electrolyte additives for boosting the stability of Li metal batteries,are summarized and discussed with a special focus on structure-composition-performance relationships.We then delve into the electrolyte formulations for Na-and K metal batteries,including those in which Na/K do not adhere to the Li-inherited paradigms.Finally,the challenges and the future research needs in advanced electrolytes for AMB are highlighted.This comprehensive review sheds light on the principles for the rational design of promising electrolytes and offers new inspirations for developing stable AMBs with high performance.

Underwater Data-Driven Positioning Estimation Using Local Spatiotemporal Nonlinear Correlation

Dear Editor,A global and local canonical correlation analysis(GLCCA)based on data-driven is presented for underwater positioning.Underwater positioning technology can help the underwater targets move predetermined destinations for specific tasks[1].Since using different sensor,underwater positioning can be divided into three types:inertial navigation,hydroacoustic positioning and geophysical navigation.

Research and Application of High-Density Resistivity Method in Seawater Intrusion Investigation in Laizhou Bay

The disaster of seawater intrusion seriously affects people's lives and restricts economic development,so the detection and treatment of seawater intrusion is a long-term task.On the basis of field investigation and water quality analysis,according to the change characteristics of apparent resistivity of groundwater after Cl-reaches 250 mg/L,the theoretical basis for the application of high-density resistivity method was determined,and the characteristic values of apparent resistivity for seawater intrusion interfaces in different geological characteristic regions in Laizhou Bay area were determined by typical profile tests.Combined with water quality investigation and other means,profiles for the high-density resistivity method were arranged,and the interfaces between saline and fresh water were accurately divided.

Effect of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapyon the prognosis of patients with ypT0-3N0 rectalcancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) on theprognosis of patients with ypT0-3N0 rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Methods The study participants were 110 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Thirty-fourpatients did not receive postoperative AC treatment, and the other 76 patients received postoperative ACtreatment. The differences in the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between thetwo groups were compared.Results Age was an important determinant of the patients’ decision to undergo postoperative treatment.Patients who did not receive AC treatment were significantly older than those who received AC treatment(P < 0.05). The tumor location (distance above anal margin) in the AC group was significantly larger thanthat in the non-AC group (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the 5-year DFS andOS between the two groups. Postoperative AC did not significantly improve the prognosis of patients withrectal cancer. Age, tumor differentiation, and the number of resected lymph nodes were independent factorsaffecting the OS of patients (P < 0.05). Older patients, patients with lower degree of tumor differentiation,and patients with <12 resected lymph nodes showed worse prognosis (P < 0.05).Conclusion Patients with rectal cancer whose ypT0-3N0 stage is reduced after neoadjuvantchemoradiotherapy, especially those without adverse prognostic factors, do not need AC after surgery.

The effect of ischemic precondition to IL-6 on rat liver ischemiareperfusion injury in transplantation

Objective:To investigate the effect of ischemic precondition to protect ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduce IL-6 expression in the rats liver transplantation.Methods:The rat portal vein infusion of autologous liver transplantation model were used.The rats were divided into ischemic preconditioning rats liver transplantation group(A group),the rats liver transplantation group(B group) and the normal rat control group(C group).Then we analyzed the changes of liver function,liver microstructure and the expression of IL-6,SOD and MDA within 48 h.Results: The pathology of liver in group A showed lobular architecture essentially normal,the liver cells was slightly swell and no significant changes in postoperative 12 h.In transmission electron microscope(46 000X).the mitochondria of liver cells in group A i】ecame swelling,elliptical can cristae partially broken.But there still has a small amount of arrangement.While that in group, the mitochondria were swollen,became round,serious visible crest reduce or ruptured.The result of over function test showed that the serum ALT and AST levels in group A and B were both higher than that in group C at each time period,but the serum ALT and AST levels in group A were lower than that in group B.The expression changes of IL-6 in group B were higher than that in group A and R(P【0.05).The expression of MDA in group A is more obvious than that in group B(P【0.05).Conclusions:Ischemic precondition could alleviate part of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat liver transplantation,and also could reduce IL-6 expression to protect the liver cells against liver damage and inflammatory cytokine production.

Ecosystem carbon storage and sink/source of temperate forested wetlands in Xiaoxing’anling, northeast China

Wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle, but there are still considerable uncertainties in the estimation of wetland carbon storage and a dispute on whether wetlands are carbon sources or carbon sinks. Xiaoxing’anling are one of several concentrated distribution areas of forested wetland in China, but the carbon storage and carbon sink/source of forested wetlands in this area is unclear. We measured the ecosystem carbon storage (vegetation and soil), annual net carbon sequestration of vegetation and annual carbon emissions of soil heterotrophic respiration of five typical forested wetland types (alder swamp, white birch swamp, larch swamp, larch fen, and larch bog) distributed along a moisture gradient in this area in order to reveal the spatial variations of their carbon storage and quantitatively evaluate their position as carbon sink or source according to the net carbon balance of the ecosystems. The results show that the larch fen had high carbon storage (448.8 t ha^(−1)) (6.8% higher than the larch bog and 10.5–30.1% significantly higher than other three wetlands (P < 0.05), the white birch swamp and larch bog were medium carbon storage ecosystems (406.3 and 420.1 t ha^(−1)) (12.4–21.8% significantly higher than the other two types (P < 0.0 5), while the alder swamp and larch swamp were low in carbon storage (345.0 and 361.5 t ha^(−1), respectively). The carbon pools of the five wetlands were dominated by their soil carbon pools (88.5–94.5%), and the vegetation carbon pool was secondary (5.5–11.5%). At the same time, their ecosystem net carbon balances were positive (0.1–0.6 t ha^(−1) a^(−1)) because the annual net carbon sequestration of vegetation (4.0–4.5 t ha^(−1) a^(−1)) were higher than the annual carbon emissions of soil heterotrophic respiration (CO_(2) and CH_(4)) (3.8–4.4 t ha^(−1) a^(−1)) in four wetlands, (the alder swamp being the exception), so all four were carbon sinks while only the alder swamp was a source of carbon emissions (− 2.1 t ha^(−1) a^(−1)) due to a degraded tree layer. Our results demonstrate that these forested wetlands were generally carbon sinks in the Xiaoxing’anling, and there was obvious spatial variation in carbon storage of ecosystems along the moisture gradient.

Co-catalyst-free large ZnO single crystal for high-efficiency piezocatalytic hydrogen evolution from pure water

Piezocatalytic materials have been widely used for catalytic hydrogen evolution and purification of organic contaminants.However,most studies focus on nano-size and/or polycrystalline catalysts,suffering from aggregation and neutralization of internal piezoelectric field caused by polydomains.Here we report a single crystal ZnO of large size and few bulk defects crafted by a hydrothermal method for piezocatalytic hydrogen generation from pure water.It is noteworthy that single-side surface areas of both original as-prepared ZnO and Ga-doped ZnO bulk crystals are larger than 30 cm^(2).The high quality of ZnO and Ga-doped ZnO bulks are further uncovered by high-resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM),photoluminescence(PL)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Remarkably,an outstanding hydrogen production rate of co-catalyst-free Ga-doped ZnO bulk crystal(i.e.,a maximum rate of 5915μmol h^(-1) m^(-2))is observed in pure water triggered by ultrasound in dark,which is over 100 times higher than that of its powder counterpart(i.e.,52.54μmol h^(-1) m^(-2)).The piezocatalytic performance of ZnO bulk crystal is systematically studied in terms of varied exposed crystal facet,thickness and conductivity.Different piezocatalytic performances are attributed to magnitude and distribution of piezoelectric potential,revealed by the finite element method(FEM)simulation.The density functional theory(DFT)calculations are employed to investigate the piezocatalytic hydrogen evolution process,indicating a strong H_(2)O adsorption and a low energy barrier for both H_(2)O dissociation and H2 generation on the stressed Znterminated(0001)ZnO surface.

Three modes of a direct-current plasma jet operated underwater to degrade methylene blue

A direct-current air plasma jet operated underwater presents three stable modes including an intermittently-pulsed discharge, a periodically-pulsed discharge and a continuous discharge with increasing the power voltage. The three discharge modes have different appearances for the plasma plumes. Moreover, gap voltage-current characteristics indicate that the continuous discharge is in a normal glow regime. Spectral lines from reactive species（OH, N2, N2^＋, Hα,and O） have been revealed in the emission spectrum of the plasma jet operated underwater.Spectral intensities emitted from OH radical and oxygen atom increase with increasing the power voltage or the gas flow rate, indicating that reactive species are abundant. These reactive species cause the degradation of the methylene blue dye in solution. Effects of the experimental parameters such as the power voltage, the gas flow rate and the treatment time are investigated on the degradation efficiency. Results indicate that the degradation efficiency increases with increasing the power voltage, the gas flow rate or the treatment time. Compared with degradation in the intermittently-pulsed mode or the periodically-pulsed one, it is more efficient in the continuous mode, reaching 98% after 21 min treatment.

Corrosion behavior of hafnium in anhydrous isopropanol and acetonitrile solutions containing bromide ions

The corrosion behaviors of hafnium in Et4NBr isopropanol and acetonitrile(ACN)solutions were investigated usingelectrochemical measurements,ICP-AES and SEM techniques.Results revealed that the open circuit potential gets more positive dueto the increased passivity of the surface oxide film with increasing immersion time until it reaches a steady state value.Thepotentiodynamic anodic polarization curves did not exhibit an active dissolution region near corrosion potential due to the presenceof an oxide film on the electrode surface,which was followed by pitting corrosion.SEM images confirmed the existence of pits onthe electrode surface.Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic measurements allowed the pitting potential(φpit)and the repassivationpotential(φp)to be determined.φpit increased with increasing potential scanning rate but decreased with increasing temperature,Br-concentration and ACN concentration.The impedance spectra showed that the resistances of the solution and charge transferdecreased with the increase of ACN concentration.

Development and Control of a Magnetorheological Damper‑Based Brake Pedal Simulator for Vehicle Brake‑by‑Wire Systems

Recent developments have demonstrated that the brake pedal simulator(BPS)is becoming an indispensable apparatus for the break-by-wire systems in future electric vehicles.Its main function is to provide the driver with a comfortable pedal feel to improve braking safety and comfort.This paper presents the development and control of an adjustable BPS,using a disk-type magnetorheological(MR)damper as the passive braking reaction generator to simulate the traditional pedal feel.A detailed description of the mechanical design of the MR damper-based BSP(MRDBBPS)is presented in this paper.Several basic performance experiments on the MRDBBPS prototype are conducted.A returnto-zero(RTZ)algorithm is proposed to avoid hysteresis and improve the repeatability of the pedal force.In addition,an RTZ algorithm-based real-time current-tracking controller(RTZRC)is designed in consideration of the response lag of the coil circuit.Finally,an experimental system is established by integrating the MRDBBPS prototype into a selfdeveloped automotive MR braking test bench(AMRBTB),and several control and braking experiments are performed.This research proposes a RTZRC control algorithm which can significantly increase the tracking accuracy of the brake pedal characteristic curve,particularly at a high pedal velocity.Additionally,the designed MRDBBPS prototype can achieve an effective and favorable control of the AMRBTB with a good repeatability.

Development and characterization of novel microsatellite markers for the Common Pheasant(Phasianus colchicus)using RAD-seq

Background: The Common Pheasant(Phasianus colchicus) Linnaeus, 1758 is the most widespread pheasant in the world and widely introduced as a game bird. Increasing needs for conservation genetics and management of both wild and captive populations require permanent genetic resources, such as polymorphic microsatellites in order to genotype individuals and populations.Methods: In this study, 7598 novel polymorphic microsatellites for the Common Pheasant were isolated using a RAD-seq approach at an Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform. A panel of ten novel microsatellites and three existing ones from the chicken genome were multiplexed and genotyped on a set of 90 individuals of Common Pheasants(representing nine subspecies and ten individuals each) and 10 individuals of the Green Pheasant(P. versicolor).Results: These 13 microsatellites exhibited moderate to high levels of polymorphism, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from 2 to 8 and expected heterozygosities from 0.049 to 0.905. The first analysis of the genetic structure of subspecies/populations using a Bayesian clustering approach, implemented in STRUCTURE, showed two genetic clusters, corresponding to both the Green and the Common Pheasant, with further evidence of subpopulation structuring within the Common Pheasants.Conclusion: These markers are useful genetic tools for sustainable uses and evolutionary studies in these two Phasianus pheasants and probably other closely related game birds.

Aerodynamic Characteristics Calculation and Diffusion Law Analysis of Rectangular-Chaff Clouds Under Airflow

To calculate the diffusion law of chaff cloud launched by aircraft,taking rectangular chaff as an example,the diffusion model of chaff cloud is established in this paper.Firstly,the coordinate systems of chaff are defined and the motion model of chaff is established.The motion model mainly includes chaff motion equation and rotation equation,which are obtained by combining the aerodynamic moment and aerodynamic damping.Then,the influence of multi-chaff aerodynamic interference on the movement of chaff is analyzed.Finally,considering the influence of overlap area between chaffs and chaff spacing on the aerodynamic coefficients,the multi-chaff motion model is obtained,and the simulation results are compared with the test results to verify the credibility of the model.

Photoluminescence Characterization of NASICON Material

Besides gas sensitivity,NASICON (Na super ion conductor) material has luminescence characterization.In this paper,the photoluminescence properties of NASICON and doped-NASICON material are investigated.The NASICON material was synthesized by conventional sol-gel process,and doped with Er_2O_3,Tm_2O_3,Dy_2O_3,CsCl by 1%,3%,5% (mass ratio),respectively.The ultraviolet light (325 nm,He-Cd laser) excited luminescent emissions of the resulted powders are recorded vs.wavelength in the 330 nm to 650 nm range.The main peak of the pure NASICON is found at the wavelength of 474 nm (blue light),the transition energy is 2.616 eV.The luminescent intensity is weakened obviously after doping with Er_2O_3 and Tm_2O_3,but is increased after doping with Dy_2O_3 and 3% CsCl.

Successful resection of a huge retroperitoneal venous hemangioma:A case report

BACKGROUND Venous hemangioma is a benign and non-invasive type of tumor,which is rarely identified due to the absence of clinical manifestations.A retroperitoneal benign tumor is comparatively rare,and hemangioma is exceptional.Because of the different types and locations of hemangioma,presentations are varied;thus,establishing an accurate diagnosis before surgery is challenging.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old female patient visited our hospital with the complaint of a retroperitoneal mass without symptoms discovered during a medical examination.An abdominal and pelvic computed tomography(CT)revealed a giant hypodense mass that extended from the lower edge of the liver down to the right groin and showed no marked enhancement in the arterial phase of the enhanced CT.On magnetic resonance imaging,the retroperitoneal mass was hyperintense on the T2-weighted image and hypointense on the T1-weighted image.The mass was completely resected and confirmed as a venous hemangioma by pathology.CONCLUSION Venous hemangioma is rare in adults,and an accurate diagnosis before surgery is challenging.Surgery is the curative treatment for venous hemangioma,and the definitive diagnosis relies on pathology.