Experimental study of the mechanism of nanofluid in enhancing the oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs using microfluidics

Due to the low porosity and low permeability in unconventional reservoirs,a large amount of crude oil is trapped in micro-to nano-sized pores and throats,which leads to low oil recovery.Nanofluids have great potential to enhance oil recovery(EOR)in low permeability reservoirs.In this work,the regulating ability of a nanofluid at the oil/water/solid three-phase interface was explored.The results indicated that the nanofluid reduced the oil/water interfacial tension by two orders of magnitude,and the expansion modulus of oil/water interface was increased by 77% at equilibrium.In addition,the solid surface roughness was reduced by 50%,and the three-phase contact angle dropped from 135(oil-wet)to 48(water-wet).Combining the displacement experiments using a 2.5D reservoir micromodel and a microchannel model,the remaining oil mobilization and migration processes in micro-to nano-scale pores and throats were visualized.It was found that the nanofluid dispersed the remaining oil into small oil droplets and displaced them via multiple mechanisms in porous media.Moreover,the high strength interface film formed by the nanofluid inhibited the coalescence of oil droplets and improved the flowing ability.These results help to understand the EOR mechanisms of nanofluids in low permeability reservoirs from a visual perspective.

Stent-grafts for the treatment of TIPS dysfunction:Fluency stent vs Wallgraft stent

AIM:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of an expanded polytetrafluoro-ethylene-covered Fluency stent compared with that of a polyethylene terephthalate-covered Wallgraft stent for the management of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)dysfunction.METHODS:A retrospective review of patients who underwent TIPS revision with stent-grafts between May 2007 and June 2011 was conducted.The patients were divided into two groups according to the stentgrafts implanted:the Fluency stent(Bard Incorporated,Karlsruhe,Germany)and the Wallgraft stent(Boston Scientific,Galway,Ireland).The primary patency rates were calculated and compared using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS:A total of 73 patients were evaluated in this study:33 with Fluency stents and 40 with Wallgraft stents.The primary patency rates at 12 and 24 mo were 91% and 85%,respectively,in the Fluency stent group and 78% and 63%,respectively,in the Wallgraft stent group.The primary shunt patency rates after TIPS revision were significantly better with the Fluency stent than with the Wallgraft stent(P = 0.033).CONCLUSION:TIPS revision with the Fluency stent has higher medium-term patency rates than that with the Wallgraft stent.

Nusselt number correlation for turbulent heat transfer of helium-xenon gas mixtures

A gas-cooled nuclear reactor combined with a Brayton cycle shows promise as a technology for highpower space nuclear power systems.Generally,a helium-xenon gas mixture with a molecular weight of14.5-40.0 g/mol is adopted as the working fluid to reduce the mass and volume of the turbomachinery.The Prandtl number for helium-xenon mixtures with this recommended mixing ratio may be as low as 0.2.As the convective heat transfer is closely related to the Prandtl number,different heat transfer correlations are often needed for fluids with various Prandtl numbers.Previous studies have established heat transfer correlations for fluids with medium-high Prandtl numbers(such as air and water)and extremely lowPrandtl fluids(such as liquid metals);however,these correlations cannot be directly recommended for such helium-xenon mixtures without verification.This study initially assessed the applicability of existing Nusselt number correlations,finding that the selected correlations are unsuitable for helium-xenon mixtures.To establish a more general heat transfer correlation,a theoretical derivation was conducted using the turbulent boundary layer theory.Numerical simulations of turbulent heat transfer for helium-xenon mixtures were carried out using Ansys Fluent.Based on simulated results,the parameters in the derived heat transfer correlation are determined.It is found that calculations using the new correlation were in good agreement with the experimental data,verifying its applicability to the turbulent heat transfer for helium-xenon mixtures.The effect of variable gas properties on turbulent heat transfer was also analyzed,and a modified heat transfer correlation with the temperature ratio was established.Based on the working conditions adopted in this study,the numerical error of the property-variable heat transfer correlation was almost within 10%.

远隔缺血预处理对老年患者肝癌手术术后早期认知功能的影响

目的探讨远隔缺血预处理对老年患者肝癌手术术后早期认知功能的影响。方法选取老年肝癌患者60例,ASAⅡ、Ⅲ级,随机分为对照组(C组)和远隔缺血预处理(RIPC)组(R组),每组30例。两组患者均采用相同的麻醉方法,R组在麻醉诱导后手术开始前进行肢体RIPC处理。分别于手术前、手术结束后测定两组患者血清8-异-前列腺素F2α(8-iso-PGF_(2α))、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及S100β蛋白的浓度,计算颈内动-静脉血氧含量差(Da-jvO_2)、颈内静脉球部血氧含量(CjvO_2)及脑氧摄取率(CERO_2),并统计术后7 d内术后认知功能障碍(POCD)发生率。结果两组患者手术结束后与术前血清8-iso-PGF_ (2α)、IL-6、TNF-α、S100β蛋白与Da-jvO_2、CERO_2比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),手术结束后各指标高于术前;手术结束后R组与C组各指标比较,差异有统计学意(P<0.05),R组各指标低于C组;术后7 d内POCD发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),R组低于C组。结论远隔缺血预处理能降低肝癌手术老年患者术后早期认知功能障碍的发生率,其机制可能与减轻氧化应激反应,抑制炎症反应,改善脑氧代谢有关。

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in pregnancy: A case report

BACKGROUND Cerebral venous thrombosis(CVT)is a rare but life-threatening disease in pregnant women.Anticoagulation is the first-line therapy for CVT management.However,some patients have poor outcomes despite anticoagulation.Currently,the endovascular treatment of CVT in pregnant women remains controversial.We report a rare case of CVT in a pregnant woman who was successfully treated with two stent retriever devices.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 29-year-old pregnant woman.She was first diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum due to severe nausea and vomiting for one week.As the disease progressed,she developed acute left hemiplegia.Imaging confirmed the diagnosis of superior sagittal sinus,right transverse sinus and sinus sigmoideus thrombosis.As anticoagulant therapy was ineffective,she underwent thrombectomy.After the mechanical thrombectomy,her headache diminished.Three weeks later,the patient was completely independent.At a 3-mo follow-up,no relapse of symptoms was observed.CONCLUSION Mechanical thrombectomy may be an effective alternative therapy for CVT in pregnant women if anticoagulation therapy fails.

用光照法无损检测鸡蛋煮熟程度

目前,人们通常依靠生活经验来判断和控制鸡蛋煮熟程度,缺乏定量检测与精确控制手段。本文提出了一种结合光学与图像分析无损检测鸡蛋煮熟程度的定量方法。鸡蛋煮熟过程中,蛋白质变性使其透光率逐渐变化。用LED光源照射鸡蛋,运用图像处理技术分析投射灰度,结合鸡蛋参数可测算鸡蛋中心温度,从而定量判断并控制煮熟程度。此方法具有精度高、操作便捷和普适性好等优点,可以推广用于非侵入式监测固液转化过程。

Ileal conduit stomal variceal bleeding managed by endovascular embolization

Ileal conduit stomal varices are rare,and may result in bleeding.The standard treatment modality for management of this type of hemorrhage has not been established.We present the case of a 70-year-old woman with progressive ileal conduit stomal variceal bleeding which was successfully managed by endovascular embolization via the transjugular transhepatic approach.In conclusion,transjugular transhepatic endovascular embolization is a good choice in patients with ileal conduit stomal variceal bleeding who have failed conservative therapy.

Microstructure and properties of AlSi7Mg alloy fabricated by selective laser melting

The AlSi7Mg alloy was fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM),and its microstructure and properties at different building directions after heat treatment were analyzed.Results show that the microstructure of SLM AlSi7Mg samples containes three zones:fine grain zone,coarse grain zone,and heat affected zone.The fine-grain regions locate inside the molten pool,and the grains are equiaxed.The coarse-grain regions locate in the overlap of molten pools.After T6 treatment,the microstructure at the molten pool boundary is still the network eutectic Si,but the network structure becomes discrete,and is composed of intermittent,chain-like eutectic Si particles.The yield strength at three directions(xy,45°,z direction)of the AlSi7Mg alloy samples fabricated by SLM is improved after T6 heat treatment.The fracture mechanism of the samples is a mixed ductile and brittle fracture before heat treatment and ductile fracture after heat treatment.

Advances in the research of basic study and clinical application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Since the discovery of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) in more than ten years, a great progress has been made from its basic research to clinical application. Compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, ADSC is more abundant in reserve, easier to obtain with fewer injuries and less complications. These cells have multiple differentiation potential and can differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts with the influence of different inducing factors. Early studies of ADSC mainly focused on the ability of multi-directional differentiation, especially on the regeneration of bone defects and cartilage tissue. At present, the researches mainly focus on immunoregulation and paracrine function of ADSC. Although ADSC has made a great progress in clinical application, the cell preparation, use pattern, and mechanisms in clinical treatment are not clear. This paper elaborates on these issues.

A study on the relationship between changes in serum hs-CRP levels and Chinese ischemic stroke subclassification

Objective: To explore the effects of combined application of culture supernatant of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and ciprofloxacin on Staphylococcus aureus (SA) in vitro. Methods: hUCMSCs were isolated from umbilical cord tissues of full-term healthy fetuses after cesarean section and then cultured. Cells in the third passage were chosen for the use of experiment after identification. SA strains isolated from wounds of burn patients in our burn wards were used in the following experiment. Cells were divided into 0, 10, 100 and 1,000 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) groups by use of the random number table (similarly hereinafter). Cells were cultured with culture medium containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after being treated with medium containing corresponding mass concen-trations of LPS for 12 h. At post culture hour (PCH) 6, 12 and 24, 6 wells of culture supernatant of cells in each group were obtained to measure the content of LL-37 with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ninety blood agar culture plates were divided into ciprofloxacin control group (CC), ciprofloxacin + supernatant group (CS), and ciprofloxacin + supernatant+ LL-37 antibody group (CSL), with 30 blood agar culture plates in each group. Blood agar culture plates in group CC were coated with 1.5 × 108 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml bacteria solution prepared with normal saline. Blood agar culture plates in group CS were coated with 1.5 × 108 CFU/ml bacteria solution prepared with normal saline and hUCMSC culture supernatant (cultured by MSC culture medium, the same below) in double volume of normal saline. Blood agar culture plates in group CSL were coated with 1.5 × 108 CFU/ml bacteria solution prepared with normal saline, hUCMSC culture supernatant in double volume of normal saline, and 2.6 μL of LL-37 antibodies at the concentration of 2 μg/ml. At PCH 12, 24 and 48, 10 blood agar culture plates were taken out from each group to observe the distribution of SA colonies on blood agar culture plates and to measure diameters of zones of inhibition of ciprofloxacin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin against SA in each group was recorded. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indexes of ciprofloxacin in group CS and group CSL at PCH 12, 24 and 48 were calculated, with the synergistic effect evaluated. Data were processed with factorial design ANOVA, one way ANOVA, LSD-t test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: (1) At each PCH, the content of LL-37 in cell culture supernatant in 10 ng/ml LPS group, 100 ng/ml LPS group or 1,000 ng/ml LPS group was higher than that in 0 ng/ml LPS group (with t values ranging from 11.22 to 33.36, p values all below .01);the content of LL-37 in cell culture supernatant in either 100 ng/ml LPS group or 1,000 ng/ml LPS group was higher than that in 10 ng/ml LPS group (with t values ranging from 2.24 to 18.73, p < .05 or p < .01);the content of LL-37 in cell culture supernatant in 1,000 ng/ml LPS group was higher than that in 100 ng/ml LPS group (with t values ranging from 12.46 to 14.70, p values all below .01). (2) At PCH 12, 24 and 48, the bacterial colonies in groups CC, CS and CSL became integrated over time. In CC group, diameters of zones of inhibition of ciprofloxacin at PCH 12, 24 and 48 were 26 mm, 24 mm and 23 mm respectively, with no obvious changes. At PCH 12, 24 and 48, diameters of zones of inhibition of ciprofloxacin in groups CS and CSL were 82 mm, 71 mm, 68 mm and 74 mm, 59 mm, 56 mm respectively, which were significantly larger than those in group CC. (3) At each PCH, MIC of ciprofloxacin against SA in group CC was significantly higher than that in groups CS and CSL respectively (with Z values ranging from 6.22 to 6.71, p values all below .01);MIC of ciprofloxacin against SA in group CSL was significantly higher than that in group CS (with Z values all equal to 6.72, p values all below .01). (4) FIC indexes of ciprofloxacin in groups CS and CSL at PCH 12, 24 and 48 were 0.011, 0.032, 0.032 and 0.122, 0.350, 0.350, respectively. The results indicated that hUCMSC culture supernatant had a synergistically antibacterial effect when combined with ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: hUCMSCs can secrete LL-37, and the secretion level is improved with increase of LPS concentration. The com-bination of hUCMSC culture supernatant with ciprofloxacin can decrease the dosage of ciprofloxacin in resisting SA effectively. Once LL-37 is neutralized, the synergistically antibacterial effect of hUCMSC culture supernatant is decreased thereby.

Study on integrated treatment of severe burn in batch patients

Objective:To explore the burn treatment and first aid flow mode in batch patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the treatment experience of 10 or more patients in the group burn accident admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from 2008 to 2020,in order to acquire the general information(e.g.,age,sex[male and female],injury causes and factors,total burn surface area,inhalation injury and compound injury),the time when each first-aid rescue team was in place;the reception time of the triage group;specialist rescue start time;treatment process and treatment outcome in patients with severe burns,such as the establishment time of deep venous access.Results:67 cases(n=68)of patients were cured and the curative ratio was 98.5%.The average time from the rescue order of the commander-in-chief to the placement of each medical group was 8.8 minutes,the average reception time of the triage group was 4.5 minutes,the average specialist rescue start time was 18.6 minutes,and the average establishment time of deep vein access for patients with severe burns was about 11.3 minutes.Conclusions:Scientific and reasonable pre-hospital emergency triage and treatment for burn patients can be achieved by implementing integrated treatment.

The long road to bloom in conifers

More than 600 species of conifers(phylum Pinophyta)serve as the backbone of the Earth’s terrestrial plant community and play key roles in global carbon and water cycles.Although coniferous forests account for a large fraction of global wood production,their productivity relies largely on the use of genetically improved seeds.However,acquisition of such seeds requires recurrent selection and testing of genetically superior parent trees,eventually followed by the establishment of a seed orchard to produce the improved seeds.The breeding cycle for obtaining the next generation of genetically improved seeds can be significantly lengthened when a target species has a long juvenile period.Therefore,development of methods for diminishing the juvenile phase is a cost-effective strategy for shortening breeding cycle in conifers.The molecular regulatory programs associated with the reproductive transition and annual reproductive cycle of conifers are modulated by environmental cues and endogenous developmental signals.Mounting evidence indicates that an increase in global average temperature seriously threatens plant productivity,but how conifers respond to the ever-changing natural environment has yet to be fully characterized.With the breakthrough of assembling and annotating the giant genome of conifers,identification of key components in the regulatory cascades that control the vegetative to reproductive transition is imminent.However,comparison of the signaling pathways that control the reproductive transition in conifers and the floral transition in Arabidopsis has revealed many differences.Therefore,a more complete understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanisms that control the conifer reproductive transition is of paramount importance.Here,we review our current understanding of the molecular basis for reproductive regulation,highlight recent discoveries,and review new approaches for molecular research on conifers.

Thickness regression for backfill grouting of shield tunnels based on GPR data and CatBoost&BO-TPE:A full-scale model test study

Ground penetrating radar(GPR)is a vital non-destructive testing(NDT)technology that can be employed for detecting the backfill grouting of shield tunnels.To achieve intelligent analysis of GPR data and overcome the subjectivity of traditional data processing methods,the CatBoost&BO-TPE model was constructed for regressing the grouting thickness based on GPR waveforms.A full-scale model test and corresponding numerical simulations were carried out to collect GPR data at 400 and 900 MHz,with known backfill grouting thickness.The model test helps address the limitation of not knowing the grout body condition in actual field detection.The data were then used to create machine learning datasets.The method of feature selection was proposed based on the analysis of feature importance and the electromagnetic(EM)propagation law in mediums.The research shows that:(1)the CatBoost&BO-TPE model exhibited outstanding performance in both experimental and numerical data,achieving R^(2)values of 0.9760,0.8971,0.8808,and 0.5437 for numerical data and test data at 400 and 900 MHz.It outperformed extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)and random forest(RF)in terms of performance in the backfill grouting thickness regression;(2)compared with the full-waveform GPR data,the feature selection method proposed in this paper can promote the performance of the model.The selected features within the 5–30 ns of the A-scan can yield the best performance for the model;(3)compared to GPR data at 900 MHz,GPR data at 400 MHz exhibited better performance in the CatBoost&BO-TPE model.This indicates that the results of the machine learning model can provide feedback for the selection of GPR parameters;(4)the application results of the trained CatBoost&BO-TPE model in engineering are in line with the patterns observed through traditional processing methods,yet they demonstrate a more quantitative and objective nature compared to the traditional method.

Sb^(3+)and Sm^(3+)co-doped lead-free Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)double perovskite nanocrystals for single-component cold white emitter

Metal halide perovskites exhibit promising prospect in light-emitting diodes,solar cells,photodetectors and bioimaging.However,the workhorse of metal halide perovskites relies on toxicity lead element,which severely damages human body and environment.Among lead-free perovskites,Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)double perovskite is one of the most promising candidates because of its great stability and easy synthesis,but suffers inadequate optical performance.Here,we doped Sb^(3+)and Sm^(3+)into Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)nanocrystals by a hot injection method.Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sb^(3+)exhibits blue emission at 447 nm.Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)nanocrystals simultaneously generate the blue emission of Sb^(3+)and the multiple emissions of Sm^(3+)at 565,602,650 and 710 nm.With the increase of Sm^(3+)feed ratio,the emission color of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)gradually moves to cold white region at(0.27,0.28)in CIE chromaticity diagram and correlated color temperature of 11840 K.This work shows the potential application of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)nanocrystals as a single-component cold white emitter.

严重烧伤早期肠道损伤防治研究进展

肠道屏障主要由黏液和上皮细胞组成[1],主要包括物理、化学、免疫和微生物屏障[2],是防止肠腔内有害物质进入血液循环,维持机体内部环境的相对稳定,及维持机体正常生命活动的功能性隔离带[3]。严重烧伤后,由于体液流失和肠道血流量减少,胃肠道系统缺血缺氧,导致肠道屏障作用减弱、免疫功能低下和肠道微生物紊乱,并且肠道通透性增加导致促炎信号传导,肠道屏障进一步受损。肠道屏障功能损伤后可导致炎症细胞浸润,炎性细胞因子产生,细菌过度生长,肠道上皮细胞屏障的破坏,形成恶性循环,最终导致全身炎症和器官损伤[4]。严重烧伤中已发生肠道屏障损伤患者的脓毒症、全身炎症反应综合征及多器官功能障碍综合征的发生风险是未发生肠道屏障损伤患者的数倍[5]。因此,肠道损伤对于严重烧伤引起的并发症具有重要作用,而预防严重烧伤患者的肠道损伤在烧伤救治中具有十分重要的意义。笔者针对严重烧伤早期肠道损伤的机制及防治进行综述,旨在为严重烧伤后肠道损伤的深入研究提供思路。

Retroperitoneal Fibrosis： A Retrospective Clinical Data Analysis of 30 Patients in a 10-year Period

Background:Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is an uncommon disease that is characterized by development of fibrosclerotic tissues involving retroperitoneal structures.This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of 30 patients with RPF in a single center in Beijing in a 10-year period.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed clinical data on demographic characteristics,clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,radiological findings,modalities of treatments,outcomes and prognosis of 30 patients with RPF.Patients were treated in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital between January 2003 and December 2013.Results:The mean age of patients with RPF was 56.7 ± 14.4 years.Twenty-three patients were men and seven patients were women.Acute phase reactants were elevated in most patients.Rheumatic factor was positive in 4/25 (16.0％) patients,and antinuclear antibody was positive in 6/22 (27.3％) patients.Elevation of IgG4 was observed in 9/22 (40.9％) patients.The most common type was I + Ⅲ (n =13),followed by Ⅰ + Ⅱ +Ⅲ (n =12).Five patients undertook an 18F-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography examination and increased uptake was detected in four patients.Eight patients received combination therapy with glucocorticoids and tamoxifen.Surgical intervention treatments included intraureteral double-J stent implantation (n =26),percutaneous nephrostomy (n =2),open ureterolysis and intraperitonealization of the ureters (n =5) and Iaparoscopic ureterolysis and intraperitonealization of the ureters (n =5).Three patients underwent hemodialysis because of renal failure.Conclusions:Clinical characteristics of RPF patients in our study are similar to those previously reported.Steroids and immunosuppressive therapy combined with ureterolysis could be a viable choice of treatment for RPF.More prospective,multi-center studies with a longer follow-up are warranted.

Extension of continuous scanning laser Doppler vibrometry measurement for complex structures with curved surfaces

The continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry(SLDV)developed on the base of the galvanometer scanner system has made it possible to quickly obtain the full field vibration responses within a rectangular area of the structure.In this paper,an arbitrary continuous scanning path generating method for Continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibometry(CSLDV)is further put forward in order to allow the CSLDV suitable for testing structures featured by complex shapes not just for regular areas.In the first step,the relationship between position of laser spot and the driving voltages of galvanometer scanner system has been described by a mathematical modeling.Then,a novel arbitrary scanning path generating strategy based on CSLDV is presented by deforming a normalization rectangular scanning path to an arbitrary continuous scanning path.The mapping relation between the normalization rectangular scanning path and arbitrary continuous scanning path is established using the reference points.In the second step,a compressor blade with curved surface was taken as an example for modal test using the proposed method.At the same time,a validated experiment was performed in SLDV.The results show the mode shapes derived from the extended CSLDV are in agreement with those from SLDV and the Modal Assurance Criterion(MAC)between the two are all greater than 0.96.They also demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for CSLDV test and show strong potential on further practical engineering applications.

Structural basis of AimP signaling molecule recognition by AimR in Spbeta group of bacteriophages

Dear Editor,Quorum sensing(QS)is a widespread phenomenon in bacteria which enables them to participate in cell-to-cell communication by producing and responding to small signal molecules,thus synchronously altering their behavior depending on population density(Singh et al.,2000;Miller and Bassler,2001).Through QS,bacteria coordinate processes such as expression of virulenee factors(Slamti and Lereclus,2002),biofilm formation(Parashar et al.,2011),sporulation(Perego et al.,1996),conjugation(Kozlowicz et al.,2006),antibiotic synthesis(Miller and Bassler,2001;Whiteley et al.,2017)etc.

Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based quantitative proteomic analysis of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and H2AX in etoposide-induced renal cell carcinoma apoptosis

Background:X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis(XIAP)is a vital factor in the anti-apoptosis mechanism of tumors and is highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma(RCC).However,the mechanism through which XIAP regulates DNA damage repair is unknown.This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of XIAP in etoposide-induced apoptosis in two Caki-1 cell lines with high or low XIAP expression.Methods:The two cell lines were established using RNA interference technology.The differentially expressed proteins in the two cell lines were globally analyzed through an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based quantitative proteomics approach.Proteomic analysis revealed 255,375,362,and 5 differentially expressed proteins after 0,0.5,3,and 12 h of drug stimulation,respectively,between the two cell lines.The identified differentially expressed proteins were involved in numerous biological processes.In addition,the expression of histone proteins(H1.4,H2AX,H3.1,H3.2,and H3.3)was drastically altered,and the effects of XIAP silencing were accompanied by the marked downregulation of H2AX.Protein-protein interactions were assessed and confirmed through immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses.Results:The results suggested that XIAP may act as a vital cell signal regulator that regulates the expression of DNA repair-related proteins,such as H2AX,and influences the DNA repair process.Conclusions:Given these functions,XIAP may be the decisive factor in determining the sensitivity of RCC cell apoptosis induction in response to chemotherapeutic agents.

A measurable evaluation method of visual comfort in underground space by intelligent sorting and classification algorithms

Based on human perception and machine learning methods,this study proposes a measurable method for evaluating visual comfort in underground spaces.First,a comfort evaluation index based on the characteristics of human visual perception is proposed,and color features and segmentation extraction methods for intelligent methods are given.Then,using probability statistics and machine learning methods,a multi-class intelligent sorting and classification algorithm for ranking visual comfort levels is constructed and a comparison is made of the suitability of different intelligent methods for evaluating visual comfort.The random forest algorithm is then selected as the most effective measurable intelligent evaluation algorithm for underground spaces.Finally,the proposed method is compared to intelligent methods employed by previous research,and a case study,the Wujiaochang underground space in Shanghai,China,is applied as the background.Results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the quantification and refinement of human perception and evaluation of comfort in underground spaces;this method will also be useful in computer-aided generative design in the future.