磷化铁@碳纳米管制备及其锌空电池正极催化性能——本科综合化学实验设计

为响应“新工科”建设的需求,将碳基纳米材料与金属锌空电池相结合的前沿科研成果设计为本科综合化学实验。通过化学氧化聚合及高温热解制备磷化铁@碳纳米管,并考察其作为锌空电池正极催化材料的电化学性能,从而帮助学生了解新能源电池行业最新发展动态,熟悉锌空电池的组装及性能测试,将已学知识“学以致用”,培养分析、解决问题的能力和创新能力,提升综合素养。

Adipokinetic hormone signaling regulates adult dehydration resistance in the migratory locust

Drought events have become more severe under climate change,and this can pose a major threat to the survival of various organisms.The molecular mechanisms involved in dehydration resistance are not well known.Here,adults of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria,were subjected to food-mediated dehydration,and adipokinetic hormone(AKH)signaling was found to play a key role in regulating dehydration resistance.Specifically,dehydration shortened the lifespan,increased the body weight loss,and reduced the water loss rate in adult locusts.Global transcriptome profiles revealed variations in tissue-specific gene expression between dehydration-resistant locusts and normal locusts.Importantly,dehydration selection and exposure induced prominent expression of AKH genes in the retrocerebral complex of adult locusts.Furthermore,individual knockdown of AKH1,AKH2,or AKH receptor(AKHR)accelerated water loss and shortened the lifespan of adult locusts under dehydration conditions,and trehalose supplementation ameliorated the negative effects caused by interference with AKH or AKHR.These findings demonstrated that AKH/AKHR signaling-dependent trehalose metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating locust dehydration resistance and thus provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying drought resistance.

Diffraction deep neural network-based classification for vector vortex beams

The vector vortex beam(VVB)has attracted significant attention due to its intrinsic diversity of information and has found great applications in both classical and quantum communications.However,a VVB is unavoidably affected by atmospheric turbulence(AT)when it propagates through the free-space optical communication environment,which results in detection errors at the receiver.In this paper,we propose a VVB classification scheme to detect VVBs with continuously changing polarization states under AT,where a diffractive deep neural network(DDNN)is designed and trained to classify the intensity distribution of the input distorted VVBs,and the horizontal direction of polarization of the input distorted beam is adopted as the feature for the classification through the DDNN.The numerical simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has high accuracy in classification tasks.The energy distribution percentage remains above 95%from weak to medium AT,and the classification accuracy can remain above 95%for various strengths of turbulence.It has a faster convergence and better accuracy than that based on a convolutional neural network.

Toward Artificial Peptide Nanocapsules

HIGHLIGHTS The formation of peptide nanocapsules is facilitated by a gradient interface,where the differential solvent concentration drives the peptides to preferentially localize and assemble.The peptide nanocapsules,characterized by their hollow structures,demonstrated potential as carriers for targeted drug delivery.1 Introduction Peptide nanocapsules are a type of nanoscale delivery system that encapsulates active substances within a shell composed of peptides,leveraging the unique properties of peptides such as biocompatibility and biodegradability[1].Historically,the development of peptide nanocapsules was inspired primordially by the natural biological processes.

Memristive feature and mechanism induced by laser-doping in defect-free 2D semiconductor materials

Memristors as non-volatile memory devices have gained numerous attentions owing to their advantages in storage,in-memory computing, synaptic applications, etc. In recent years, two-dimensional(2D) materials with moderate defects have been discovered to exist memristive feature. However, it is very difficult to obtain moderate defect degree in 2D materials, and studied on modulation means and mechanism becomes urgent and essential. In this work, we realized memristive feature with a bipolar switching and a configurable on/off ratio in a two-terminal MoS_(2) device(on/off ratio ~100), for the first time, from absent to present using laser-modulation to few-layer defect-free MoS_(2)(about 10 layers), and its retention time in both high resistance state and low resistance state can reach 2×10^(4) s. The mechanism of the laser-induced memristive feature has been cleared by dynamic Monte Carlo simulations and first-principles calculations. Furthermore, we verified the universality of the laser-modulation by investigating other 2D materials of TMDs. Our work will open a route to modulate and optimize the performance of 2D semiconductor memristive devices.

Clinical study on improving the diagnostic accuracy of adult elbow joint cartilage injury by multisequence magnetic resonance imaging

BACKGROUND Due to frequent and high-risk sports activities,the elbow joint is susceptible to injury,especially to cartilage tissue,which can cause pain,limited movement and even loss of joint function.AIM To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)multisequence imaging for improving the diagnostic accuracy of adult elbow cartilage injury.METHODS A total of 60 patients diagnosed with elbow cartilage injury in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study.We analyzed the accuracy of conventional MRI sequences(T1-weighted imaging,T2-weighted imaging,proton density weighted imaging,and T2 star weighted image)and Three-Dimensional Coronary Imaging by Spiral Scanning(3D-CISS)in the diagnosis of elbow cartilage injury.Arthroscopy was used as the gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic effect of single and combination sequences in different injury degrees and the consistency with arthroscopy.RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy of 3D-CISS sequence was 89.34%±4.98%,the sensitivity was 90%,and the specificity was 88.33%,which showed the best performance among all sequences(P<0.05).The combined application of the whole sequence had the highest accuracy in all sequence combinations,the accuracy of mild injury was 91.30%,the accuracy of moderate injury was 96.15%,and the accuracy of severe injury was 93.33%(P<0.05).Compared with arthroscopy,the combination of all MRI sequences had the highest consistency of 91.67%,and the kappa value reached 0.890(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Combination of 3D-CISS and each sequence had significant advantages in improving MRI diagnostic accuracy of elbow cartilage injuries in adults.Multisequence MRI is recommended to ensure the best diagnosis and treatment.

Pathogenicity Analysis on Magnaporthe oryzae from Hybrid Combination Wuyou 308

Eighteen blast isolates were obtained from hybrid combination Wuyou308 using the Magnaporthe oryzae pathogen isolation method.Race identification of these isolates was conducted based on seven Chinese blast differentials and 11 blast monogenic lines.The results indicated that the isolates were identified as the races of ZB13,ZB15 and ZC13,accounting for 66.67%,27.78%,5.56%,respectively,and the resistance genes including Pi-ta2 and Pi-sh,Pi-i were highly susceptible to these isolates,while the resistance genes like Pi-kh,Pi-1,Pi2,Pi-9 and Pi-50 showed good resistance to tested pathogens.All isolates were compatible to the original rice hybrid Wuyou308.Three isolates including GDHY-308-1401 were used for testing their pathogenicity to 45 local varieties.The results demonstrated that 13 varieties appeared highly susceptible to the tested isolates,accounting for 28.89%;two varieties appeared moderately susceptible to the tested isolates,accounting for 4.44%;30 varieties showed moderately/highly resistance,accounting for 66.67%.Among them,some of new hybrid combinations such as Wufengyou 9802,Wuyou 613,Wuyou 1179 showed good resistance to the inoculated strains,and they were recommended to be candidates in the rice region where Wuyou308 showed susceptibility.

High-efficiency stabilization of dredged sediment using nano-modified and chemical-activated binary cement

High-efficiency disposal of dredged sediment(DS)has become an imperative geo-environmental engineering issue due to the limited landfilling space and severe environmental burdens.This study firstly developed a novel high-efficiency nano-modified and chemical-activated binary cement(NBC),which was composed of binary cement(BC)consisting ordinary Portland cement(OPC)and ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBS),chemical-activator and nano-modifier.The effects of chemical-activation and nano-modification on the strength development of BC-stabilized DS(BCDS),and the optimum mix of NBC were respectively achieved via a series of unconfined compressive strength and orthogonal tests.Then,the high-efficiency and economic applicability of NBC in DS stabilization were evaluated by comparing with OPC.Furthermore,the microstructure and mineral composition evolutions inside NBCstabilized DS(NDS)were explored by conducting X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests.The results show that both chemical-activation and nano-modification could effectively improve the strength gain of BCDS,and compared with single chemical-activator and nanomodifier,the composite chemical-activators and nano-modifiers exhibited better performances.Based on BC with OPC/GGBS mass ratio of 1:1,both anhydrous sodium metasilicate/anhydrous sodium sulfate(SM/SS)and nano-SiO_(2)/nano-MgO(NS/NM)with mass ratio of 1:9 were respectively determined to be optimum chemical-activator and nano-modifier.The optimum mass ratio of BC,SM/SS and NS/NM was 20:2:1,i.e.the optimum mix of NBC.Compared with OPC,NBC exhibited higher stabilization efficiency and better economic applicability.The generation of calcium silicate hydrate(CSH),calcium aluminate hydrate(CAH)and ettringite contributed to the formation of dense cemented soil matrix inside NDS,and a conceptual micro-mechanism model characterizing the strength development under the coupling action of chemical-activation and nano-modification was proposed.

Single-cell transcriptomic dissection of the cellular and molecular events underlying the triclosan-induced liver fibrosis in mice

Background: Triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol, TCS], a common antimicrobial additive in many personal care and health care products, is frequently detected in human blood and urine. Therefore, it has been considered an emerging and potentially toxic pollutant in recent years. Long-term exposure to TCS has been suggested to exert endocrine disruption effects, and promote liver fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis. This study was aimed at clarifying the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity effect of TCS at the initiation stage.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were exposed to different dosages of TCS for 2 weeks and the organ toxicity was evaluated by various measurements including complete blood count, histological analysis and TCS quantification. Single cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) was then carried out on TCS-or mock-treated mice livers to delineate the TCS-induced hepatotoxicity. The acquired single-cell transcriptomic data were analyzed from different aspects including differential gene expression, transcription factor(TF) regulatory network, pseudotime trajectory, and cellular communication, to systematically dissect the cellular and molecular events after TCS exposure. To verify the TCS-induced liver fibrosis,the expression levels of key fibrogenic proteins were examined by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, Masson’s trichrome and Sirius red stainings. In addition, normal hepatocyte cell MIHA and hepatic stellate cell LX-2 were used as in vitro cell models to experimentally validate the effects of TCS by immunological, proteomic and metabolomic technologies.Results: We established a relatively short term TCS exposure murine model and found the TCS mainly accumulated in the liver. The scRNA-seq performed on the livers of the TCS-treated and control groups profiled the gene expressions of > 76,000 cells belonging to 13 major cell types. Among these types, hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)were significantly increased in TCS-treated group. We found that TCS promoted fibrosis-associated proliferation of hepatocytes, in which Gata2 and Mef2c are the key driving TFs. Our data also suggested that TCS induced the proliferation and activation of HSCs, which was experimentally verified in both liver tissue and cell model. In addition,other changes including the dysfunction and capillarization of endothelial cells, an increase of fibrotic characteristics in B plasma cells, and M2 phenotype-skewing of macrophage cells, were also deduced from the scRNA-seq analysis, and these changes are likely to contribute to the progression of liver fibrosis. Lastly, the key differential ligand-receptor pairs involved in cellular communications were identified and we confirmed the role of GAS6_AXL interactionmediated cellular communication in promoting liver fibrosis.Conclusions: TCS modulates the cellular activities and fates of several specific cell types(including hepatocytes, HSCs,endothelial cells, B cells, Kupffer cells and liver capsular macrophages) in the liver, and regulates the ligand-receptor interactions between these cells, thereby promoting the proliferation and activation of HSCs, leading to liver fibrosis.Overall, we provide the first comprehensive single-cell atlas of mice livers in response to TCS and delineate the key cellular and molecular processes involved in TCS-induced hepatotoxicity and fibrosis.

Application of immersion B-scan ultrasonography in diagnosis of complex retinal detachment,persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and intraocular tumors

AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic value of panoramic immersion B-scan ultrasonography(Pano-immersion B-scan,PIB)in complex retinal detachment(RD),persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(PHPV)and intraocular tumors.METHODS:The clinical data of 44 patients collected from May 2012 to December 2019 in Chinese PLA General Hospital was retrospectively studied.All of these patients underwent PIB of the eye,because it was difficult to diagnose by routine ocular fundus examination,conventional ultrasound or/and ultrasonic biomicroscope(UBM)due to opacity of refractive media,pupillary occlusion,large involvement or special location of the lesion.The imaging features of difficult cases in PIB were analyzed.The diagnosis accuracy rating of PIB were evaluated and contrasted with conventional ultrasound or UBM by the standard of intraoperative diagnosis or/and pathological results.RESULTS:According to intraoperative diagnosis or pathological results as gold standard,among the 44 cases,there were 19 cases missed diagnosis,misdiagnosed or difficult-to-diagnose by conventional ultrasound or UBM,including 4 cases of long-standing RD difficult to diagnose,4 cases misdiagnosed,and 11 cases incompletely observed or miss diagnosed.The diagnostic accuracy rate of PIB and conventional ultrasound or UBM were 100%(44/44)and 56.82%(25/44),and the sensitivity of them were 100%and 56.82%.All the patients underwent PIB and were diagnosed as RD(15 cases),retinal and choroidal detachment(4 cases),subchoroidal hematocele(1 case),vitreous opacity and/or organic membrane formation(4 cases),PHPV(12 cases),iris and/or ciliary body tumors(3 cases),and choroidal tumors(6 cases).According to the intraoperative diagnosis or pathological results,the diagnostic coincidence rate of PIB was 100%,which was significantly higher than conventional ultrasound and UBM.CONCLUSION:PIB can help to accurately diagnose complex RD,PHPV,and intraocular masses with special location or/and excessive size.It has important diagnostic value for patients with equivocal findings at conventional ultrasound examination.

VPFL:A verifiable privacy-preserving federated learning scheme for edge computing systems

Federated learning for edge computing is a promising solution in the data booming era,which leverages the computation ability of each edge device to train local models and only shares the model gradients to the central server.However,the frequently transmitted local gradients could also leak the participants’private data.To protect the privacy of local training data,lots of cryptographic-based Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning(PPFL)schemes have been proposed.However,due to the constrained resource nature of mobile devices and complex cryptographic operations,traditional PPFL schemes fail to provide efficient data confidentiality and lightweight integrity verification simultaneously.To tackle this problem,we propose a Verifiable Privacypreserving Federated Learning scheme(VPFL)for edge computing systems to prevent local gradients from leaking over the transmission stage.Firstly,we combine the Distributed Selective Stochastic Gradient Descent(DSSGD)method with Paillier homomorphic cryptosystem to achieve the distributed encryption functionality,so as to reduce the computation cost of the complex cryptosystem.Secondly,we further present an online/offline signature method to realize the lightweight gradients integrity verification,where the offline part can be securely outsourced to the edge server.Comprehensive security analysis demonstrates the proposed VPFL can achieve data confidentiality,authentication,and integrity.At last,we evaluate both communication overhead and computation cost of the proposed VPFL scheme,the experimental results have shown VPFL has low computation costs and communication overheads while maintaining high training accuracy.

Shear behavior of intact granite under thermo-mechanical coupling and three-dimensional morphology of shear-formed fractures

The shear failure of intact rock under thermo-mechanical(TM)coupling conditions is common,such as in enhanced geothermal mining and deep mine construction.Under the effect of a continuous engineering disturbance,shear-formed fractures are prone to secondary instability,posing a severe threat to deep engineering.Although numerous studies regarding three-dimensional(3D)morphologies of fracture surfaces have been conducted,the understanding of shear-formed fractures under TM coupling conditions is limited.In this study,direct shear tests of intact granite under various TM coupling conditions were conducted,followed by 3D laser scanning tests of shear-formed fractures.Test results demonstrated that the peak shear strength of intact granite is positively correlated with the normal stress,whereas it is negatively correlated with the temperature.The internal friction angle and cohesion of intact granite significantly decrease with an increase in the temperature.The anisotropy,roughness value,and height of the asperities on the fracture surfaces are reduced as the normal stress increases,whereas their variation trends are the opposite as the temperature increases.The macroscopic failure mode of intact granite under TM coupling conditions is dominated by mixed tensileeshear and shear failures.As the normal stress increases,intragranular fractures are developed ranging from a local to a global distribution,and the macroscopic failure mode of intact granite changes from mixed tensileeshear to shear failure.Finally,3D morphological characteristics of the asperities on the shear-formed fracture surfaces were analyzed,and a quadrangular pyramid conceptual model representing these asperities was proposed and sufficiently verified.

Physical Activity,Sedentary Behavior,and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients:The MIDiab Study

The aim of this study was to explore the associations of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)time and sedentary(SED)time with a history of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and multifactorial(i.e.,blood pressure(BP),body mass index(BMI),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c))control status among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients in China.A cross-sectional analysis of 9152 people with type 2 diabetes from the Multifactorial Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes(MIDiab)study was performed.Patients were grouped according to their self-reported MVPA time(low,<150 min·week−1;moderate,150 to<450 min·week−1;high,≥450 min·week−1)and SED time(low,<4 h·d–1;moderate,4 to<8 h·d–1;high,≥8 h·d–1).Participants who self-reported a history of CVD were identified as having a CVD risk.Odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of CVD risk and multifactorial control status associated with MVPA time and SED time were estimated using mixed-effect logistic regression models,adjusting for China’s geographical region characteristics.The participants had a mean±standard deviation(SD)age of(60.87±8.44)years,44.5%were women,and 25.1%had CVD.After adjustment for potential confounding factors,an inverse association between high MVPA time and CVD risk that was independent of SED time was found,whereas this association was not observed in the moderate-MVPA group.A higher MVPA time was more likely to have a positive effect on the control of BMI.Compared with the reference group(i.e.,those with MVPA time≥450 min·week−1 and SED time<4 h·d–1),CVD risk was higher in the low-MVPA group:The OR associated with an SED time<4 h·d–1 was 1.270(95%CI,1.040–1.553)and that associated with an SED time≥8 h·d–1 was 1.499(95%CI,1.149–1.955).We found that a high MVPA time(i.e.,≥450 min·week−1)was associated with lower odds of CVD risk regardless of SED time among patients with T2DM.

Diffraction deep neural network based orbital angular momentum mode recognition scheme in oceanic turbulence

Orbital angular momentum(OAM)has the characteristics of mutual orthogonality between modes,and has been applied to underwater wireless optical communication(UWOC)systems to increase the channel capacity.In this work,we propose a diffractive deep neural network(DDNN)based OAM mode recognition scheme,where the DDNN is trained to capture the features of the intensity distribution of the OAM modes and output the corresponding azimuthal indices and radial indices.The results show that the proposed scheme can recognize the azimuthal indices and radial indices of the OAM modes accurately and quickly.In addition,the proposed scheme can resist weak oceanic turbulence(OT),and exhibit excellent ability to recognize OAM modes in a strong OT environment.The DDNN-based OAM mode recognition scheme has potential applications in UWOC systems.

Successful treatment of acute carotid artery injuries

Vascular injuries can lead to severe consequences, and in particular, carotid artery injury caused by combat, traffic accidents or other external forces is extremely harmful. As the neck has a complex anatomical structure and a relatively small local space, carotid artery injury is usually complicated by neural and spinal injuries.

Comparative Analysis of the Genomes of Three Field Isolates of the Rice Blast Fungus <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>from Southern China

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) is one of the most destructive diseases, which causes significant rice yield losses and affects global food security. To better understand genetic variations among different isolates of M. oryzae in the nature field, we re-sequenced and analyzed the genomes of three field isolates, QJ08-2006, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001, which showed distinct pathogenicity on Xin-Yin-Zhan, an elite variety in South China. Genome annotation indicated that these three isolates assemblies have similar genome sizes with 38.4 Mb, 38.3 Mb, and 38.4 Mb, respectively. The QJ08-2006 assembly has 2082 contigs with an N50 of 127.4 kb, the QJ10-10 assembly has 2239 contigs with an N50 of 105.13 kb, the QJ10-3001 assembly has 2025 contigs with an N50 of 133.16 kb. A total of 10,432 genes including 1408 putative secreted protein genes were identified from the annotated isolate QJ08-2006 genome, 10,418 genes including 1410 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-10, and 10,401 genes including 1420 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-3001. There are as many as 11,076 identical genes in these three isolates and contained only a few unique genes among three isolates, of which 277 unique genes in QJ08-2006 and 264 unique genes in QJ10-10, and 213 unique genes in QJ10-3001. Most of the predicted secreted protein genes had been identified, and the three re-sequenced strains contained 371, 369, and 387 small Indel, respectively. Avr genes were analyzed in several sequenced Magnaporthe strains, the results revealed that Avr-Pi9 and Avr-Piz-t were present in all the sequenced isolates. The isolates QJ08-2006 contained AvrPib, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001 had an insertion of a Pot3 element in the promoter of the AvrPib gene. Our results showed that, the rapid dominancy of virulence mutant isolates via clonal propagation displayed in the field after the release of the elite variety Xin-Yin-Zhan.

β连环蛋白对脑胶质瘤辐射抗性的影响

目的探讨β连环蛋白(β-catenin)在X射线照射条件下对人脑胶质瘤U87细胞增殖、生存的影响。方法 U87细胞经采用5μmol/L IWR-1-endo处理后,用X射线照射,采用CCK-8法平板克隆形成实验检验细胞增殖和存活能力,免疫荧光染色检验细胞相关蛋白的表达,电镜观察细胞内微结构的变化。结果人脑胶质瘤U87细胞辐射后,照射组β-catenin蛋白相对表达量比对照组低(P<0.05);经IWR-1-endo处理的细胞增殖和平板克隆形成率有增加趋势(P<0.05)。结论降低β-catenin抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路,虽然能降低胶质瘤细胞增殖能力,但可能通过保护细胞线粒体的方式增加胶质瘤细胞对辐射治疗的抗性。

腹腔镜肾部分切除术和腹腔镜冷冻消融治疗肾皮质小肿块(<3.5cm)的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜肾部分切除术(LPN)和腹腔镜冷冻消融(LCA)治疗肾皮质小肿块(<3.5 cm)的围手术期情况和短期临床结局。方法共纳入167例患者。其中,92例95处病灶接受LPN,75例患者91处病灶接受LCA。比较两组患者围手术期和临床结局。结果LPN和LCA组肿块平均直径、术前、术后肌酐水平无差异(P=0.495,P=0.953,P=0.101)。LPN组平均年龄低于LCA组[(58.8±3.2)和(69.2±4.7)岁,P<0.01],LPN组平均失血量更高[(168.4±17.2)和(66.1±8.3)ml,P=0.005],平均手术时间更长[(151.6±13.2)和(128.6±10.8)min,P=0.001]。LCA组和LPN组中分别发生6种并发症。LPN和LCA组中位随访时间分别为(21.8±4.8)和(14.2±1.3)个月(P<0.01)。LCA组2例患者复发,LPN组1例患者复发。结论在短期随访中,LPN和LCA治疗肾皮质小肿块的疗效无差异,LCA失血量较少、手术时间较短,且并发症发生率较低。

Battery Technologies for Grid-Level Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage

Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.

31inical features and prognostic factors for patients wilh bone metastases from prostate cancer

To identify the clinical features and independent predictors of survival in patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer （PCa）. We retrospectively analysed 115 PCa patients with bone metastases between 1997 and 2009. The overall survival rate after bone metastases was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were identified by univariate analysis using a log-rank test and by multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The follow-up rate was 100%, the follow-up cases during 1, 3 and 5 years were 103, 79 and 55, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 89.1%, 60.9% and 49.8%, respectively, with a median survival time of 48.5 months for patients with bone metastases from PCa. In univariate analysis, age, Gleason score, clinical stage, the number of bone lesions, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） level, invasion of neighbouring organs and non-regional lymph node metastases were correlated with prognosis. By multivariate analysis using Cox regression, ALP level, Gleason score and non-regional lymph node metastases were independent prognostic factors. These prognostic factors will help us to determine the appropriate dose and fraction of radiotherapy for these patients.