Stable multi-electron reaction stimulated by W doping VS_(4)for enhancing magnesium storage performance

Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)hold promise for offering higher volumetric energy density and safety features,attracting increasing research interest as the next post lithium-ion batteries.Developing high performance cathode material by inducing multi-electron reaction process as well as maintaining structural stability is the key to the development and application of RMBs.Herein,multielectron reaction occurred in VS_(4)by simple W doping strategy.W doping induces valence of partial V as V^(2+)and V^(3+)in VS_(4)structure,and then stimulates electrochemical reaction involving multi-electrons in 0.5%W-V-S.The flower-like microsphere morphology as well as rich S vacancies is also modulated by W doping to neutralize structure change in such multi-electron reaction process.The fabricated 0.5%W-V-S delivers higher specific capacity(149.3 m A h g^(-1)at 50 m A g^(-1),which is 1.6 times higher than that of VS_(4)),superior rate capability(76 mA h g^(-1)at 1000 mA g^(-1)),and stable cycling performance(1500cycles with capacity retention ratio of 93.8%).Besides that,pesudocapaticance-like contribution analysis as well as galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)further confirms the enhanced Mg^(2+)storage kinetics during such multi-electron involved electrochemical reaction process.Such discovery provides new insights into the designing of multi-electron reaction process in cathode as well as neutralizing structural change during such reaction for realizing superior electrochemical performance in energy storage devices.

Can urban forests provide acoustic refuges for birds?Investigating the influence of vegetation structure and anthropogenic noise on bird sound diversity

As a crucial component of terrestrial ecosystems,urban forests play a pivotal role in protecting urban biodiversity by providing suitable habitats for acoustic spaces.Previous studies note that vegetation structure is a key factor influencing bird sounds in urban forests;hence,adjusting the frequency composition may be a strategy for birds to avoid anthropogenic noise to mask their songs.However,it is unknown whether the response mechanisms of bird vocalizations to vegetation structure remain consistent despite being impacted by anthropogenic noise.It was hypothesized that anthropogenic noise in urban forests occupies the low-frequency space of bird songs,leading to a possible reshaping of the acoustic niches of forests,and the vegetation structure of urban forests is the critical factor that shapes the acoustic space for bird vocalization.Passive acoustic monitoring in various urban forests was used to monitor natural and anthropogenic noises,and sounds were classified into three acoustic scenes(bird sounds,human sounds,and bird-human sounds)to determine interconnections between bird sounds,anthropogenic noise,and vegetation structure.Anthropogenic noise altered the acoustic niche of urban forests by intruding into the low-frequency space used by birds,and vegetation structures related to volume(trunk volume and branch volume)and density(number of branches and leaf area index)significantly impact the diversity of bird sounds.Our findings indicate that the response to low and high frequency signals to vegetation structure is distinct.By clarifying this relationship,our results contribute to understanding of how vegetation structure influences bird sounds in urban forests impacted by anthropogenic noise.

Surface engineering of P2-type cathode material targeting long-cycling and high-rate sodium-ion batteries

The widespread interest in layered P2-type Mn-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)stems from their cost-effectiveness and abundant resources.However,the inferior cycle stability and mediocre rate performance impede their further development in practical applications.Herein,we devised a wet chemical precipitation method to deposit an amorphous aluminum phosphate(AlPO_(4),denoted as AP)protective layer onto the surface of P2-type Na_(0.55)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Mn_(0.8)O_(2)(NCM@AP).The resulting NCM@5AP electrode,with a 5 wt%coating,exhibits extended cycle life(capacity retention of78.4%after 200 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1))and superior rate performance(98 mA h g^(-1)at 500 mA g^(-1))compared to pristine NCM.Moreover,our investigation provides comprehensive insights into the phase stability and active Na^(+)ion kinetics in the NCM@5AP composite electrode,shedding light on the underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhanced performance observed in the coated electrode.

Sufficient variable selection of high dimensional nonparametric nonlinear systems based on Fourier spectrum of density-weighted derivative

The variable selection of high dimensional nonparametric nonlinear systems aims to select the contributing variables or to eliminate the redundant variables.For a high dimensional nonparametric nonlinear system,however,identifying whether a variable contributes or not is not easy.Therefore,based on the Fourier spectrum of densityweighted derivative,one novel variable selection approach is developed,which does not suffer from the dimensionality curse and improves the identification accuracy.Furthermore,a necessary and sufficient condition for testing a variable whether it contributes or not is provided.The proposed approach does not require strong assumptions on the distribution,such as elliptical distribution.The simulation study verifies the effectiveness of the novel variable selection algorithm.

Bone targeted nano-drug and nano-delivery

There are currently no targeted delivery systems to satisfactorily treat bone-related disorders.Many clinical drugs consisting of small organic molecules have a short circulation half-life and do not effectively reach the diseased tissue site.This coupled with repeatedly high dose usage that leads to severe side effects.

Two different autorefractors for vision screening in children and adolescents

AIM:To compare the consistency of two autorefractors(Tianle RM-9000 and Topcon KR-800)for school-age myopia children,and to provide a basis for largescale data analysis and comparison.METHODS:The refractive error in 909 subjects(age 4–18y)were measured using both autorefractors without cycloplegia.The data were analyzed using Fourier decomposition and the correlation coefficients,intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC),and Bland-Altman limits of agreement(LoA)for each parameter were calculated.RESULTS:There was a strong correlation between the spherical equivalent(SE),sphere diopter(DS),and cylinder diopter(DC)readings of the Tianle RM-9000 and those of the Topcon KR-800,with correlation coefficient values of 0.98,0.98 and 0.83 and ICC values of 0.99,0.99 and 0.93,respectively.However,the correlation coefficients and ICC values of J0 and J45 were unreliable(R=-0.004,-0.034;both ICC<0.10).Bland-Altman analysis revealed that SE,DS,and DC measured by the Tianle RM-9000 were significantly biased toward myopia compared with the Topcon KR-800,and the mean differences were-0.072,-0.026,-0.091 D,respectively(all P<0.01).The minimum absolute value of the difference within the 95%LoA for SE,DS,and DC was 0.63 D,0.50 D,0.62 D,respectively;all these values were in the clinically acceptable range.For J0 and J45,the mean differences were close to zero(P=0.43,0.84);however,the 95%LoA were relatively wide(J0 SD:0.53;95%CI:-1.00,1.10;J45 SD:0.52;95%CI:-1.00,1.00).CONCLUSION:The two autorefractors are consistent with each other,as the differences in SE,DS,and DC were within the clinically acceptable range.Readers can compare the data measured by either device in different studies and use the two devices in the same study to generate a dataset that can be analyzed together.However,the J0 and J45 vectors are unreliable and should not be used to assess astigmatism.

LINC00662通过miR-615-5p/wnt/β-catenin通路调控胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭

背景先前的研究已经表明长链非编码RNAs(long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)在包括胃癌在内的多种癌症进展中的重要调节因子的作用.然而,LINC00662的生物学功能及其调控结胃癌进展的潜在机制尚不清楚.目的探讨LINC00662能否靶向miR-615-5p调控胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭.方法体外培养人胃上皮细胞GES1和胃癌细胞系(SNU-1、AGS和HS-746T),RT-qPCR法检测LINC00662和miR-615-5p表达.SNU-1细胞转染LINC00662小干扰RNA、miR-615-5p模拟物或抑制剂;CCK-8、克隆形成、Transwell分析细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,蛋白质印迹法检测细胞中基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)-2、MMP-9和β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)蛋白表达.双荧光素酶报告实验验证互作关系.结果与GES1细胞比较,胃癌细胞系中LINC00662表达上调而miR-615-5p表达下调(P<0.05).下调LINC00662或上调miR-615-5p后,SNU-1细胞A值、克隆数、迁移数、侵袭数、MMP2、MMP9蛋白表达下调(P<0.05).同时,下调LINC00662降低β-catenin蛋白表达(P<0.05).LINC00662靶向结合miR-615-5p,且下调LINC00662的SNU-1细胞中miR-615-5p表达升高(P<0.05).miR-615-5p抑制剂逆转下调LINC00662对SNU-1细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响.结论LINC00662通过靶向miR-615-5p和激活wnt/β-catenin通路来加速胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭.

An fMRI Study of Words Processing in Chinese Language

Using the blood oxygen levels dependent technology of magnetic resonance imaging (BLOD-fMRI), we aimed to explore the brain activation after visual stimulation by Chinese words. In the current study, 24 healthy volunteers (12 males, 12 females, right-handed, mean age 26 ± 2 years) were prospectively included. The event related design was used in the current fMRI study when participants silently read all words appearing in the middle of the screen. Images were processed with Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 (SPM8) software, by using a general linear model (GLM). Group activations were extracted from the 2nd level group analysis with a threshold of p < 0.001, and it was shown that the main activated areas by silent reading tasks were regions involved in brain semantic processing, including middle temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, supplementary motor area, inferior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobule. It was also learnt that superior parietal lobule and middle temporal gyrus are related with semantic understanding, lenticular nucleus are related with semantic processing. This means, in addition to the cerebral cortex, subcortical nuclei is also very important to the processing of words in Chinese language.

Analysis of Metallographic Characteristics of Aluminum Alloy for Turbocharged Impellers

In this paper, the composition, two-dimensional and three-dimensional microstructure of heat-resistant wrought aluminum alloy with strong oxidation resistance, heat resistance and easy processing are analyzed by using direct reading spectrometer, metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. The main alloy elements of heat-resistant forging aluminum alloy include Cu, Mg, Si, Ni and Fe. The α solid solution of each element in aluminum consists of S phase (Al2CuMg), Mg2Si phase, bright gray Al2CuNi phase and dark brown Al9FeNi phase. The distribution of each phase in the aluminum alloy is determined by the three-dimensional energy spectrum analysis of the microstructure, and the distribution of each phase in the crystal position is analyzed. The mechanism of heat resistance, easy processing type and wear resistance is obtained, which provides the theoretical basis for the development and use of heat-resistant forged aluminum alloy.

抗血管药物治疗放射性脑坏死专家共识

血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的高水平表达是放射性脑坏死(cerebral radiation necrosis,CRN)发生的重要机制。抗血管生成药物(贝伐珠单抗)通过抑制VEGF,作用于脑坏死区域周围的血管组织,减轻CRN引起的脑水肿。许多研究证实贝伐珠单抗可有效缓解脑坏死症状,改善患者的体力状况评分以及减轻影像学上脑水肿范围。抗血管治疗的疗效主要与药物作用时长相关,低剂量抗血管药物即可达到较好的治疗效果。预防是最好的治疗,CRN的发生与肿瘤相关因素和治疗相关因素相关,通过控制两方面因素,可有效预防CRN。

Effects of antiarrhythmic peptide 10 on acute ventricular arrhythmia

Objective:To observe the effects antiarrhythmic peptide 10(AAPIO) aon acute ventricular arrhythmia and the phosphorylation state of ischemic myocardium conncxin.Methods:Acute total ischemia and partial ischemia models were established by ceasing perfusion and ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in SD rats.The effects of AAP10(1 mg/L) on the incidence rate of ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmia were observed.The ischemic myocardium was sampled to detect total-Cx43 and NP-Cx43 by immunofluorcsecnt staining and western blotting,the total-Cx43 expression was detected through image analysis system by semi-quantitative analysis.Results:AAP10 could significantly decrease the incidence of ischemia-induced ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.During ischemic stage,total ischemia(TI) and AAP10 total ischemia(ATI) groups were compared with partial ischemia(Pi) and AAP10 partial ischemia(API) groups.The rates of incidence for arrhythmia in the ATI and API groups(10%and 0%) were lower than those in the TI and PI groups(60%and 45%).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.019,P=0.020).The semi-quantitative analysis results of the ischemic myocardium showed that the total-Cx43 protein expression distribution areas for TI.ATI,PI and API groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group.On the other hand,the NP-Cx43 distribution areas of TI,ATI,PI and API groups were significantly increased compared with the control group(P>0.05).AAP10 could increase the total-Cx43 expression in the ischemic area and decrease the NP-Cx43 expression.Western blot results were consistent with the results of immunofluorescence staining.Conclusions:AAP10 can significantly decrease the rate of incidence of acute ischemia-induced ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.Acute ischemic ventricular arrhythmias may have a relationship with the decreased phosphorylation of Cx43 induced by ischemia.AAP10 may stimulate the phosphorylation of Cx43 by increasing the totai-Cx43 expression and decreasing the NP-Cx43 expression in the ischemic area,so as to decrease ventricular arrhythmia.

3D characterization of porosity and minerals of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone based on multi-resolution image fusion

In the process of in situ leaching of uranium,the microstructure controls and influences the flow distribution,percolation characteristics,and reaction mechanism of lixivium in the pores of reservoir rocks and directly affects the leaching of useful components.In this study,the pore throat,pore size distribution,and mineral composition of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone were quantitatively analyzed by high pressure mercury injection,nuclear magnetic resonance,X-ray diffraction,and wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence.The distribution characteristics of pores and minerals in the samples were qualitatively analyzed using energy-dispersive scanning electron microscopy and multi-resolution CT images.Image registration with the landmarks algorithm provided by FEI Avizo was used to accurately match the CT images with different resolutions.The multi-scale and multi-mineral digital core model of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone is reconstructed through pore segmentation and mineral segmentation of fusion core scanning images.The results show that the pore structure of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone is complex and has multi-scale and multi-crossing characteristics.The intergranular pores determine the main seepage channel in the pore space,and the secondary pores have poor connectivity with other pores.Pyrite and coffinite are isolated from the connected pores and surrounded by a large number of clay minerals and ankerite cements,which increases the difficulty of uranium leaching.Clays and a large amount of ankerite cement are filled in the primary and secondary pores and pore throats of the low-permeability uraniumbearing sandstone,which significantly reduces the porosity of the movable fluid and results in low overall permeability of the cores.The multi-scale and multi-mineral digital core proposed in this study provides a basis for characterizing macroscopic and microscopic pore-throat structures and mineral distributions of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone and can better understand the seepage characteristics.

高糖溶液对腹腔镜结直肠癌术后胃肠功能恢复、炎症反应及并发症的影响

目的探讨高糖溶液对腹腔镜结直肠癌术后胃肠功能恢复、炎症反应及并发症的影响。方法选择2019年1月-2021年1月该院收治的拟行腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术的患者64例,随机分为高糖组和对照组,各32例。两组患者的腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术均由同组医师完成,高糖组术前3 h口服400 mL 12.5%葡萄糖溶液。对比两组患者术后胃肠功能恢复情况,以及围术期肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、高迁移族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素、内毒素、稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)的变化,并记录两组患者术后并发症的发生情况。结果高糖组术后排气时间、首次排便时间和住院时间短于对照组,胃管留置率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后1和3 d血清TNF-α和HMGB1均较术前1 d升高;高糖组术后1和3 d血清TNF-α和HMGB1均低于对照组同期水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后1和3 d血清FPG、胰岛素、内毒素和HOMAIR均较术前1 d升高,IGF-Ⅰ较术前1 d下降;高糖组术后1和3 d血清FPG、胰岛素、内毒素和HOMA-IR均低于对照组同期水平,IGF-Ⅰ高于对照组同期水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高糖组术后并发症发生率为12.50%,较对照组的34.38%低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术前口服高糖溶液,能够减轻术后炎症反应,减小血糖波动,有助于促进术后胃肠功能恢复,减少术后并发症发生。

Development of index system for inherently safer process design using an integrated approach

With a growing population, an increasing number of petrochemical facilities are built with larger capacity and more complexity, which pose a great risk to assets, community and environment. The value of inherently safer design is recognized with time by all stakeholders, and an effective tool is needed to evaluate and compare inherent safety of alternative technologies. This study developed a safety index to evaluate existing technologies for their safety levels and guide inherently safer design. The Integrated Risk-based Safety Index(IRSI) was developed based on a comprehensive review of petrochemical processes, incident cases from Sinopec and US Chemical Safety Board, and existing safety index systems. The IRSI included all major hazards, including fire, explosion,toxic release, dust explosion, physical explosion, and runaway. Also, the integrated life cycle approach considered chemical hazards, equipment failure rates and safety measures in this risk-based index. Advanced modeling techniques, PHAST simulation and Neural Network, were used in the development of three novel sub-indices in the projects, fire, explosion and toxic release. The index system could be easily incorporated into a user friendly tool for the ease of application. A case study of hydrogen dioxide was conducted using the IRSI, which showed its capability for evaluating the safety level of process facilities.

Oxygen redox chemistry in lithium-rich cathode materials for Li-ion batteries:Understanding from atomic structure to nano-engineering

Lithium-rich oxide compounds have been recognized as promising cathode materials for high performance Li-ion batteries,owing to their high specific capacity.However,it remains a great challenge to achieve the fully reversible anionic redox reactions to realize high capacity,high stability,and low voltage hysteresis for lithiumrich cathode materials.Therefore,it is critically important to comprehensively understand and control the anionic redox chemistry of lithium-rich cathode materials,including atomic structure design,and nano-scale materials engineering technologies.Herein,we summarize the recent research progress of lithium-rich cathode materials with a focus on redox chemistry.Particularly,we highlight the oxygen-based redox reactions in lithium-rich metal oxides,with critical views of designing next generation oxygen redox lithium cathode materials.Furthermore,we purposed the most promising strategies for improving the performances of lithium-rich cathode materials with a technology-spectrum from the atomic scale to nano-scale.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the freshwater snail Bellamya purificata(Caenogastropoda)

DEAR EDITOR,Bellamya purificata(Gastropoda:Caenogastropoda;Architaenioglossa;Viviparidae:Bellamyinae;Sinotaia),a homotypic synonym of S.purificata,is widely distributed in freshwater habitats in Asia.It is an economically important edible snail and plays a vital function in freshwater wetland ecology.However,genomic resources for this snail are lacking and no reference genome has been released.In this study,we constructed the first chromosome-level genome of B.purificata using PacBio long-read sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)technology.

Multiscale modeling of heterogeneous propellants from particle packing tograin failure using a surface-based cohesive approach

In the present work, a computational frame- work is established for multiscale modeling and analysis of solid propellants. A packing algorithm, considering the am- monium perchlorate （AP） and aluminum （A1） particles as spheres or discs is developed to match the size distribution and volume fraction of solid propellants. A homogenization theory is employed to compute the mean stress and strain of a representative volume element （RVE）. Using the mean results, a suitable size of RVE is decided. Without consider- ing the interfaces between particles and matrix, several nu- merical simulations of the relaxation of propellants are per- formed. The relaxation effect and the nonlinear mechanical behavior of propellants which are dependent on the applied loads are discussed. A new technology named surface-based cohesive behavior is proposed to describe the phenomenon of particle dewetting consisting of two ingredients： a damage initiation criterion and a damage evolution law. Several ex- amples considering contact damage behavior are computed and also nonlinear behavior caused by damaged interfaces is discussed in this paper. Furthermore the effects of the criti- cal contact stress, initial contact stiffness and contact failure distance on the damaged interface model have been studied.

Novel function of perforin in negatively regulating CD4^＋ T cell activation by affecting calcium signaling

Perforin is a pore-forming protein engaged mainly in mediating target T cell death and is employed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes （CTLs） and natural killer cells. However, whether it also plays a role in conventional CD4^＋ T cell function remains unclear. Here we report that in perforin-deficient （PKO） mice, CD4^＋ T cells are hyperproliferative in response to T cell receptor （TCR） stimulation. This feature of hyperproliferation is accompanied by the enhancement both in cell division and in IL-2 secretion. It seems that the perforin deficiency does not influence T cell development in thymus spleen and lymph node. In vivo, perforin deficiency results in increased antigen-specific T cell proliferation and antibody production. Furthermore, PKO mice are more susceptible to experimental autoimmune uveitis. To address the molecular mechanism, we found that after TCR stimulation, CD4^＋ T cells from PKO mice display an increased intracellular calcium flux and subsequently enhance activation of transcription factor NFAT1. Our results indicate that perforin plays a negative role in regulating CD4^＋ T cell activation and immune response by affecting TCR-dependent Ca^2＋ signaling.

Changes in ecological stoichiometry and nutrient resorption in Castanopsis hystrix plantations along an urbanization gradient in the lower subtropics

The stoichiometry of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorous in plants can reflect the interactions between plants and their environment.The interplay between plant nutrients,climatic factors,and soil properties and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are pillars of ecology but remain underexplored.In this study of plant C-N-P stoichiometry and nutrient resorption in Castanopsis hystrix groves in three cities(Guangzhou,Zhongshan,and Lechang)that represent an urban-rural gradient in Guangdong Province,South China,we explored potential relationships among NO_(2) concentrations,diameter at breast height(DBH),and resident human population.Mean annual temperature,mean annual precipitation,insolation duration per year,and the human resident population differed significantly among the three cities.Soil C-N-P was always highest in suburban Lechang,and the concentration of NO_(2) was highest in urban Guanghzou(55.33±0.67μg m^(-3))and positively correlated with the resident population and leaf N:P.Our findings suggest that C-N-P stoichiometry of C.hystrix was better explained by NO_(2)than by soil C-N-P stoichiometry and that nutrient resorption was better explained by leaf nutrients and DBH than by NO_(2) and soil stoichiometry.Our study supports the hypothesis that rapid urbanization influences NO_(2) concentrations and microclimate,which may jointly change the stoichiometry of plant nutrients in the forest ecosystems.

Effects of Piriformospora indica on the Respiration of Taxus chinensis var.mairei under Water Stress

Seedlings of Taxus chinensis var.mairei were used as experimental materials to study the adaptation of Piriformospora indica to this plant under water stress.The materials were divided into two groups,namely,with or without inoculation with P.indica.Each group was subjected to four different levels of water stress.Vitality and physiological and biochemical indexes of the roots of T.chinensis var.mairei were regularly measured.Under water stress,T.chinensis var.mairei had significantly decreased root vitality;root vitality was higher in inoculated roots than in uninoculated roots.Under intense water stress,the inoculated roots had a higher soluble sugar content than the uninoculated roots.Under water stress,T.chinensis var.mairei experienced decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes.The activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and alcohol dehydrogenase initially increased and then decreased,whereas that of lactate dehydrogenase increased.The inoculated roots had a higher activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes than the uninoculated roots.As water stress was further intensified,the roots had significantly decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and significantly increased activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes.The activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes decreased faster in the uninoculated roots than in the inoculated roots.This study demonstrated that Piriformospora indica plays a positive role in enhancing the antihypoxic ability of T.chinensis var.mairei,thereby alleviating plant damage due to water stress.