Rapid europium-sensitized fluorescent determination of ulifloxacin,the active metabolite of prulifloxacin,in human serum and urine

A new fluorescent method was developed based on the ulifloxacin-europium（Ⅲ）-sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate system for the determination of ulifloxacin,the active metabolite of prulifloxacin.Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate formed a ternary complex with ulifloxacin-europium（Ⅲ）and significantly enhanced the characteristic fluorescence of europium（Ⅲ）.The enhanced fluorescence intensity showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of ulifloxacin in the range of 5.0×10^-8-2.0×10^-6M with a detection limit of 2.0×10^-10 M（3σ）.This method is rapid and sensitive,and has been successfully applied to the determination of ulifloxacin in human urine and serum samples.

Timesharing-tracking Framework for Decentralized Reinforcement Learning in Fully Cooperative Multi-agent System

Dimension-reduced and decentralized learning i always viewed as an efficient way to solve multi-agent cooperative learning in high dimension. However, the dynamic environmen brought by the concurrent learning makes the decentralized learning hard to converge and bad in performance. To tackle thi problem, a timesharing-tracking framework(TTF), stemming from the idea that alternative learning in microscopic view results in concurrent learning in macroscopic view, is proposed in this paper, in which the joint-state best-response Q-learning(BRQ-learning) serves as the primary algorithm to adapt to the companions policies. With the properly defined switching principle, TTF makes all agents learn the best responses to others at different joint states. Thus from the view of the whole joint-state space, agents learn the optimal cooperative policy simultaneously. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm can learn the optimal joint behavior with les computation and faster speed compared with other two classica learning algorithms.

Switched-capacitor Based Seven-level Boost Inverter with a Reduced Number of Devices

The conventional multilevel inverters(MLIs)have the disadvantages of numerous devices,incapacity of boost,unbalance for capacitor’s voltage,high complexity for control,and etc.Motivated by this issue,a seven-level boost inverter(7LBI)based on a switched capacitor is presented for singlephase applications in this paper.The proposed 7LBI using only seven transistors can achieve seven output levels,1.5 voltage gain,and natural balance of capacitors’voltages without sensors or other auxiliary methods,which illustrates its suitability for the applications of renewable energy generation.The configuration of topology and operating principles are illustrated in detail.The natural balance of capacitors and capacitance calculations are deduced as well.Moreover,the comparative study is conducted for different types of MLIs.The results illustrate the merits of the proposed 7LBI with respect to reduced devices,lower voltage stress,and less power loss.Finally,a simulation for the proposed 7LBI with PWM modulation is realized based on the theoretical analysis;an experimental prototype is also implemented,verifying multilevel output,boost ability,natural balance for switched capacitors,and performance of transient response.

Spatiotemporal nonlinear dynamics in multimode fiber laser based on carbon nanotubes

We investigated 1-μm multimode fiber laser based on carbon nanotubes,where multiple typical pulse states were observed,including Q-switched,Q-switched mode-locked,and spatiotemporal mode-locked pulses.Particularly,stable spatiotemporal mode-locking was realized with a low threshold,where the pulse duration was 37 ps and the wavelength was centred at 1060.5 nm.Moreover,both the high signal to noise and long-term operation stability proved the reliability of the mode-locked laser.Furthermore,the evolution of the spatiotemporal mode-locked pulses in the cavity was also simulated and discussed.This work exhibits the flexible outputs of spatiotemporal phenomena in multimode lasers based on nanomaterials,providing more possibilities for the development of high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics.

血浆SEPT9基因甲基化监测结直肠癌术后复发转移的应用价值

目的:探讨血浆SEPT 9基因甲基化(mSEPT9)在结直肠癌根治术后复发监测中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2013年2月至2015年1月聊城市人民医院确诊并行根治性手术的结直肠癌患者214例,收集术前及随访3年中的外周血样本,应用荧光探针PCR方法检测血浆mSEPT9状态,化学发光法检测血清CEA水平,评价血浆mSEPT9用于结直肠癌手术疗效评价价值,并评估血浆mSEPT9和血清CEA单独或两者联合检测对结直肠癌复发转移的诊断效力。结果:结直肠癌患者术前血浆mSEPT9检测阳性率为70.1%,血浆mSEPT9与临床分期相关(P=0.027),与年龄和性别不相关。结直肠癌根治术后,血浆mSEPT9阳性率为8.4%,与术前相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。64例结直肠癌复发转移患者mSEPT9阳性率为78.1%,CEA阳性率为40.6%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。血浆mSEPT9联合血清CEA检测能够提高结直肠癌复发转移的阳性率(84.4%vs.78.1%,P=0.016)。结论:血浆mSEPT9可作为结直肠癌根治术疗效评价及术后随访监测的分子标志物。

视网膜大动脉瘤治疗的临床观察

目的:分析视网膜大动脉瘤的临床治疗方法及效果。方法:收集2016-06/2018-04于我院就诊的视网膜大动脉瘤患者26例26眼,根据动脉瘤的不同类型及临床表现选择不同的治疗方法,观察治疗患者视力变化及治疗效果。结果:患者视力及治疗效果与病变类型、是否累及黄斑区、病程、治疗方法密切相关,出血型、累及黄斑区和病程较长的患者预后较差。气体血肿移除术对于病程不超过3wk的黄斑区视网膜下积血的患者疗效显著。结论:及时选择适当的治疗方法能够挽救视网膜大动脉瘤患者的视力,获得较好的预后。

A review of β-Ga_2O_3 single crystal defects, their effects on device performance and their formation mechanism

As a wide-bandgap semiconductor(WBG), β-Ga_2O_3 is expected to be applied to power electronics and solar blind UV photodetectors. In this review, defects in β-Ga_2O_3 single crystals were summarized, including dislocations, voids, twin, and small defects. Their effects on device performance were discussed. Dislocations and their surrounding regions can act as paths for the leakage current of SBD in single crystals. However, not all voids lead to leakage current. There's no strong evidence yet to show small defects affect the electrical properties. Doping impurity was definitely irrelated to the leakage current. Finally, the formation mechanism of the defects was analyzed. Most small defects were induced by mechanical damages. The screw dislocation originated from a subgrain boundary. The edge dislocation lying on a plane slightly tilted towards the(102) plane, the(101) being the possible slip plane. The voids defects like hollow nanopipes, PNPs, NSGs and line-shaped grooves may be caused by the condensation of excess oxygen vacancies, penetration of tiny bubbles or local meltback. The nucleation of twin lamellae occurred at the initial stage of "shoulder part" during the crystal growth. These results are helpful in controlling the occurrence of crystal defects and improving the device performance.

Quadratic Stabilization of Switched Uncertain Linear Systems: A Convex Combination Approach

We consider quadratic stabilization for a class of switched systems which are composed of a finite set of continuoustime linear subsystems with norm bounded uncertainties. Under the assumption that there is no single quadratically stable subsystem, if a convex combination of subsystems is quadratically stable, then we propose a state-dependent switching law, based on the convex combination of subsystems, such that the entire switched linear system is quadratically stable. When the state information is not available, we extend the discussion to designing an outputdependent switching law by constructing a robust Luenberger observer for each subsystem.

Comprehensive Analysis of 9-year Running Data of A^2/O-MBR in Xi an Siyuan University

Since September 2011,A 2/O-MBR wastewater treatment plant in Xi'an Siyuan University has been successfully running without replacing any of membrane modules.A total of 6.661 million m^3 of campus wastewater has been treated,and 4.405 million m^3 of water reaching the national urban miscellaneous water standard has been reclaimed and reused.A total of 25 km pipeline,5 pits,scenery fountains,lakes,and 12 pump stations have been constructed for flushing toilets,irrigating green grass lawn and afforest,and cleaning hardened pavement.The design and construction of 5 pits,scenery fountains,and lakes are important to meet the national urban miscellaneous water standard under occasional phosphorus and/or nitrogen exceed concentration.The unit water cost is 4.19 yuan/m^3,including membrane modules depreciation and amortization.After the A 2/O-MBR system passes the membrane modules depreciation and amortization period,the unit water cost is 2.82 yuan/m^3.The water productivity of the membrane stack rises first at the beginning of operation,reaches the maximum value,and then decreases.The average annual transmembrane pressure difference increases by 1.12 kPa.The average VMD of industrial permeability decreases annually by 0.45 m^3.

Climate Warming Mitigation from Nationally Determined Contributions

Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement.However,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’decision-making process.In this study,we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario(ΔT=0.6°C)and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system model.Considering reductions in CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,BC,and SO_(2),the R5OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990)and R5ASIA(Asian countries)are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation,accounting for 39.3%and 36.8%,respectively.R5LAM(Latin America and the Caribbean)and R5MAF(the Middle East and Africa)followed behind,with contributions of 11.5%and 8.9%,respectively.The remaining 3.5%is attributed to R5REF(the Reforming Economies).Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions,but not the only one.Other greenhouse gases are also important,especially for R5MAF.The contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant,notably SO_(2)reduction in R5ASIA.We argue that additional species beyond CO_(2)need to be considered,including short-lived pollutants,when planning a route to mitigate climate change.It needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts,let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree target.All countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.

A New Bisesquiterpene from Ligularia macrophylla

From the roots of Ligularia macrophylla, a bisesquiterpene, ligumacrophyllal was isolated and its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods.

A New Sesquiterpene from Ligularia Songarica

A new bisabolane sesquiterpene, 5 beta-acetoxy-4 beta, 8-diangeloyloxy-2 beta,3 beta, :10,11-diepoxy-bisabola-7 (14)-ene, was isolated from the roots of Ligularia songarica and its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, especially 2D-NMR techniques.

Effect of weak disorder in multi-Weyl semimetals

We study the behaviors of three-dimensional double and triple Weyl fermions in the presence of weak random potential.By performing the Wilsonian renormalization group(RG)analysis,we reveal that the quasiparticle experiences strong renormalization which leads to the modification of the density of states and quasiparticle residue.We further utilize the RG analysis to calculate the classical conductivity and show that the diffusive transport is substantially corrected due to the novel behavior of the quasiparticle and can be directly measured by experiments.

Response to roxadustat in a patient undergoing long-term dialysis and allergic to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents:A case report

BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor is a new class of drugs for treating renal anemia.It is a second-generation hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase-2(PHD2)inhibitor.Roxadustat can effectively increase hemoglobin in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease,with an adverse events profile comparable to that of epoetin alfa.We administered roxadustat to a maintenance hemodialysis patient who was allergic to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents(ESAs)and depended on blood transfusion for five years.After applying Roxadustat,the patient’s anemia improved significantly.CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old Chinese man had type 2 diabetes for 16 years,underwent maintenance hemodialysis for five years,and had fatigue for five years.Laboratory tests showed severe anemia(hemoglobin concentration of 42 g/L).The patient was administered a subcutaneous injection of ESAs before dialysis.He suffered an allergic shock immediately and fainted.His blood pressure dropped to undetectable levels.He was not administered ESAs henceforth.The patient was prescribed iron supplements and received blood transfusions occasionally for five years.His hemoglobin concentration ranged from 42-68 g/L.After taking six weeks of oral roxadustat three times weekly(100 mg TIW),the patient’s hemoglobin concentration increased significantly,and his symptoms decreased.We adjusted the doses of roxadustat,and the hemoglobin concentration was maintained between 97 and 126 g/L.CONCLUSION Oral roxadustat is effective in treating anemia in maintenance hemodialysis patients who cannot be administered ESAs.

An Extended Convex Combination Approach for Quadratic L_(2)Performance Analysis of Switched Uncertain Linear Systems

Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with quadratic L_(2) performance(quadratic stability and L_(2) gain)for switched uncertain linear systems(SULS)with norm-bounded uncertainties.Assuming that no single uncertain subsystem achieves quadratic L_(2) performanceγbut a convex combination of the subsystems can make it,we propose a state-dependent switching law such that the SULS achieves the desired quadratic L_(2) performance.The discussion is extended to the SULS with state feedback control,and a sufficient condition is proposed to design the state feedback gains and the switching law simultaneously.

Universal Minimum Conductivity in Disordered Double-Weyl Semimetal

We report an exact numerical study on disorder effect in double-Weyl semimetals,and compare exact numerical solutions for the quasiparticle behavior with the Born approximation and renormalization group results.It is revealed that the low-energy quasiparticle properties are renormalized by multiple-impurity scattering processes,leading to apparent power-law behavior of the self-energy.Therefore,the quasiparticle residue surrounding nodal points is considerably reduced and vanishes as ZE∝Er with nonuniversal exponent.We show that such unusual behavior of the quasiparticle leads to strong temperature dependence of diffusive conductivity.Remarkably,we also find a universal minimum conductivity along the direction of linear dispersion at the nodal point,which can be directly observed by experimentalist.

Interleukin-13 and age-related macular degeneration

AIM：To identify the effects of interleukin（IL）-13 on retinal pigment epithelial（RPE） cells and the IL-13 level in aqueous humor of age-related macular degeneration（AMD） patients.METHODS：IL-13 levels in aqueous humor specimens from AMD patients were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.ARPE-19 cells were treated with 10 ng/m L IL-13 for 12,24,and 48 h.The cell proliferaton was evaluated by the MTS method.The m RNA and protein levels of α-SMA and ZO-1 were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（q RT-PCR） and Western blot respectively.The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）,transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） and vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） were assessed by ELISA.RESU LTS：IL-13 levels in the aqueous humor of patients with AMD were significantly higher than those in the control（167.33±17.64 vs 27.12±5.65 pg/m L;P〈0.01）.In vit ro,IL-13 of high concentrations（10,15,and 20 ng/m L） inhibited ARPE-19 cell proliferation.α-SMA m RNA in ARPE-19 cell were increased（1.017±0.112 vs 1.476±0.168;P〈0.001） and ZO-1 decreased（1.051±0.136 vs 0.702±0.069;P〈0.001） after treated with 10 ng/m L IL-13 for 48 h.The protein expression of α-SMA and ZO-1 also showed the same tendency（α-SMA：P=0.038;ZO-1：P=0.008）.IL-13 significantly reduced the level of TNF-α（44.70±1.67 vs 31.79±3.53 pg/m L;P=0.005） at 48 h,but the le vel of TGF-β2 was significantly increased from 34.44±2.92 to 57.61±6.31 pg/m L at 24h（P=0.004） and from 61.26±1.11 to 86.91±3.59 pg/m L at 48h（P〈0.001）.While expressions of VEGF didn＇t change after IL-13 treatment.CONCLUSION：IL-13 in vitr o inhibit ARPE-19 cell proliferation and expression in the aqueous may be associated with AMD.

Effectiveness of Qiangjijianli capsule on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis

BACKGROUND:Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis(EAMG)and anti-AchR antibody of human myasthenia gravis are the same immune globulin.This antibody restricts the activity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the amount of receptor binding sites is decreased,so myasthenia gravis occurs.OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of Qiangjijianli capsule on EAMG rats.DESIGN:A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING:Experimental Animal Center of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS:Acetylcholine receptors(AchR)were extracted from electric skate's electric organ which lives in the sea near Guangzhou.It had high biological activity and the protein content was 1.63 g/L.Qiangjijianli capsule(Astragalus mongholicus,Codonopsis pilosula,Atractylodes macrocephala,Angelica sinensis,Bupleurum chinense,Cairo morningglory root or leaf,Glycyrrhiza uralensis,etc.0.5 g crude drug per capsule)was bought from the Manufacturing Laboratory of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine with the Batch No.89-11-1.METHODS:This experiment was carried out in the Experimental Animal Center of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May to August 1990.①Adult female SD rats were immunized with AchR.The animals'movement condition was observed and recorded everyday.Ten rats were chosen as normal control group,and they were not given any treatment and raised normally.After modeled,20 successful rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups:treatmental group and model group.2 mL Qiangjijianli capsule suspension(1 g)was intragastrically administrated into each rat of treatmental group for 30 days;The same amount of clean water was intragastrically administrated into the rats of model group for 30 days.②Serum AchR antibody was measured with ABC-ELISA method.After administration,the rats were sacrificed.The complete diaphragmatic muscle was extracted for in vitro receptor binding test.The constitution of N-AchR per milligram of tissue was measured with FT-603 well-typeγscintillation detector and FH408 calibrater.③t test was used for the comparison of difference of mean value of two samples.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The effect of Qiangjijianli capsule on the amount of binding site of serum AchR antibody and nicotine-like acetylcholinergic receptor(N-AChR).RESULTS:Before Qiangjijianli capsule treatment,serum AchR antibody titre was close between model group and treatmental group(0.82±0.15 vs.0.79±0.12,P>0.05);After Qiangjijianli capsule treatment,serum AchR antibody titre of treatmental group was significantly decreased(0.45±0.11,t=6.602,P<0.01),and that in the treatmental group did not change significantly(0.71±0.13,P>0.05).So,serum AchR antibody titre of treatmental group was significantly lower than that of model group(t=5.780,P<0.01).③The number of N-AchR of normal control group was significantly more than that of model group[(1503±156)mg·min-1 vs.(1118±128)mg·min-1,t=6.034,P<0.01].The number of N-AchR of treatmental group was significantly more than that of model group[(1277±143)mg·min^(-1)vs.(1118±128)mg·min^(-1),t=2.619,P<0.05].③After the treatment of Qiangjijianli capsule,all of the six rats which had clinical symptoms in treatmental group did well more or less,while in model group,the six rats had no change except one.CONCLUSION:Qiangjijianli capsule can improve the symptoms of myasthenia gravis by immunological regulation and pharmacological effect of N-AchR.

米诺膦酸中间体2-(咪唑并[1,2-α]吡啶-3-基)乙酸的合成

以2-氨基吡啶和反式4-氧基2-丁烯酸乙酯3为原料,经过缩合、成环反应得到2-(咪唑并[1,2-α]吡啶-3-基)乙酸乙酯4,最后水解得到米诺磷酸关键中间体2-(咪唑并[1,2-α]吡啶-3-基)乙酸1。该方法重点是反式4-氧基2-丁烯酸乙酯3合成,通过氯乙醛与三苯基膦反应生成磷叶立德2,磷叶立德2与乙醛酸乙酯反应得到反式4-氧基2-丁烯酸乙酯3。该方法具有产品收率高、纯度高、外观好,且该路线工艺稳定、操作简单等特点,适于工业化大生产。

Text Difficulty Study:Do Machines Behave the Same as Humans Regarding Text Difficulty?

With the emergence of pre-trained models,current neural networks are able to give task performance that is comparable to humans.However,we know little about the fundamental working mechanism of pre-trained models in which we do not know how they approach such performance and how the task is solved by the model.For example,given a task,human learns from easy to hard,whereas the model learns randomly.Undeniably,difficulty-insensitive learning leads to great success in natural language processing(NLP),but little attention has been paid to the effect of text difficulty in NLP.We propose a human learning matching index(HLM Index)to investigate the effect of text difficulty.Experiment results show:1)LSTM gives more human-like learning behavior than BERT.Additionally,UID-SuperLinear gives the best evaluation of text difficulty among four text difficulty criteria.Among nine tasks,some tasks’performance is related to text difficulty,whereas others are not.2)Model trained on easy data performs best in both easy and medium test data,whereas trained on hard data only performs well on hard test data.3)Train the model from easy to hard,leading to quicker convergence.