Evaluation of Nutritional Value and Safety of Black Soldier Flies Fed on Dead Pig Meat and Bone Meal

[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and safety of black soldier flies fed with dead pig meat and bone meal(DPMBM)and to explore the resource utilization of DPMBM.[Methods]The general nutrient composition,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements of black soldier fly meal(BSLM)were detected and analyzed.[Results]The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in BSLM were 3.42%,42.31%,34.04%and 5.40%,respectively.The contents of total amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(∑EAA)and non-essential amino acids(∑NEAA)and umami amino acids(∑DAA),the EAA/TAA value and the EAA/NEAA value were 37.93%,13.08%,24.85%,13.43%,34.47%,52.61%,respectively.A total of eight kinds of saturated fatty acids and seven kinds of unsaturated fatty acids were detected,accounting for 63.65%and 32.67%of the total fatty acids.Among the major mineral elements,the content of Ca was the highest,followed by K,Mg and Na.Among the trace mineral elements,the content of Mn was the highest,followed by Fe,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Cd,As,Pb,Se,Sn,Ti,Sb and Hg.The contents of heavy metal mineral elements in BSLM were far lower than the limits specified in Hygienical Standard for Feeds.[Conclusions]In conclusion,BSLM has high nutritional value and good safety of heavy metals,and thus great potential for development and utilization as a high quality dietary protein,fat and mineral elements source.

In-situ coating and surface partial protonation co-promoting performance of single-crystal nickel-rich cathode in all-solid-state batteries

The poor electrochemical performance of all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs),which is assemblied by Ni-rich cathode and poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based electrolytes,can be attributed to unstable cathodic interface and poor crystal structure stability of Ni-rich cathode.Several coating strategies are previously employed to enhance the stability of the cathodic interface and crystal structure for Ni-rich cathode.However,these methods can hardly achieve simplicity and high efficiency simultaneously.In this work,polyacrylic acid(PAA)replaced traditional PVDF as a binder for cathode,which can achieve a uniform PAA-Li(LixPAA(0<x≤1))coating layer on the surface of single-crystal LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.12)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(SC-NCM83)due to H^(+)/Li^(+)exchange reaction during the initial charging-discharging process.The formation of PAA-Li coating layer on cathode can promote interfacial Li^(+)transport and enhance the stability of the cathodic interface.Furthermore,the partially-protonated surface of SC-NCM83 casued by H^(+)/Li^(+)exchange reaction can restrict Ni ions transport to enhance the crystal structure stability.The proposed SC-NCM83-PAA exhibits superior cycling performance with a retention of 92%compared with that(57.3%)of SC-NCM83-polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)after 200 cycles.This work provides a practical strategy to construct high-performance cathodes for ASSBs.

Fabrication and Excellent Properties of Polyvinylidene fluoride/Graphene Composite Films as Thermal Interface Materials

The growing concern about thermal conductivityand electromagnetic shielding inelectronic equipment has promoted the development of interfacial film materials.In this work,polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)/graphene composite films with different graphene contents were fabricated by high-energy ball milling,cold isostatic pressing,scraping and coating,successively.High-energy ball milling is beneficial to the dispersion of graphene powder,while cold isostatic pressing can greatly enhance thermal conductivity and mechanical strength by reducing the voids in the film and increasing the contact area of graphene sheets.The thermal conductivity,tensile strength and electromagnetic shielding properties of the films were carefully investigated and compared.It was demonstrated that the thermal conductivity increased from 0.19 Wm-1.K-1 for pure PVDF to 103.9 W-m-1.K-1 for the composite film with PVDF:graphene=1:3.Meanwhile the electromagnetic shielding efficiency can reach 36.55 dB.The prepared PVDF/graphene composite films exhibit outstanding overall performance and have the potential for practical applications.

First results of CO_(2) dispersion interferometer on EAST tokamak

A dispersion interferometer(DI)has been installed and operates on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).This DI system utilizes a continuous-wave 9.3μm CO_(2)laser source to measure line-averaged electron densities accurately.In contrast to conventional interferometers,the DI does not require substantial vibration isolations or compensating systems to reduce the impact of vibrations in the optical path.It also employs a ratio of modulation amplitudes,ensuring it remains immune to the variations in detected intensities.Without a variation compensation system,the DI system on EAST reaches a density resolution of less than1.8×10^(-2)πrad and a temporal resolution of 20μs.The measurements made by the POlarimeterINTerferometer(POINT)system and the far-infrared hydrogen cyanide(HCN)interferometer are remarkably consistent with the DI’s results.The possibility of fringe jumps and the impact of refraction in high-density discharge can be significantly decreased using a shorter wavelength laser source.A rapid density change of 3×10^(19)m^(-3)during 0.15 s has been measured accurately in shot No.114755 of EAST.Additionally,the DI system demonstrates dependability and stability under 305 s long-pulse discharges in shot No.122054.

R2R3-type Lo MYB21 affects jasmonate-regulated development and dehiscence of anthers in lily(Lilium oriental hybrids)

Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could help solve this problem.LoMYB21,encoding a putative R2R3v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB)transcription factor,was identified from oriental lilies(Lilium‘Siberia’).Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that LoMYB21 was mainly expressed in the anther,filament and stigma and had high expression during the late stages of lily anther development.LoMYB21 had transactivation activity and was located in the nucleus through yeast one-hybrid assays and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.Suppression of LoMYB21 by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)in Lilium‘Siberia’led to anther indehiscence and reduced the expression of genes related to Jasmonate acid(JA)biosynthesis and signal transduction.Induction of LoMYB21 in DEX::LoMYB21 transgenic Arabidopsis caused procumbent inflorescences that became infertile,accompanied by higher expression of JA biosynthetic and signaling genes.These results demonstrated that JA content and signaling were abnormal in silenced lily and transgenic LoMYB21 Arabidopsis,which affected anther development.Our study indicated that LoMYB21 could regulate lily anther dehiscence through JA biosynthesis and signaling during the late stages of anther development.

城市更新的交通驱动力——北京地铁1号线与八通线贯通工程

北京市地铁1号线与八通线贯通工程是城市更新的重要举措,旨在提升交通基础设施的效率与便捷性。该项目位于朝阳区四惠交通枢纽,经过11个月的改造,实现了线路、供电、通信、信号等系统的互联互通。该项目自2021年8月29日贯通运营以来,极大地改善了乘客换乘效率,促进了城市中心区与副中心的无缝连接,有效推动了城市更新和绿色出行的发展。本文阐述了项目实施过程中的技术难题和创新经验,以及高效组织管理在城市更新中的关键作用。

Study on the mechanism of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.- Jujubae Fructus in the treatment of hepatocirrhosis based on network pharmacology

The active components,targets,and pathways of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis and the mechanism of action were explored by means of network pharmacology.Firstly,the active components and related targets of Jujubae Fructus were screened by TCMSP database and standardized by Uniprot database.The compounds of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.were obtained by searching the literature and finally screened by PubChem database,Swiss ADME,and SwissTargetPrediction.Hepatocirrhosis targets were obtained through Genecards database,PPI network analysis was conducted on common targets of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus and hepatocirrhosis by using String database,GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was conducted through Metascape database by using intersection targets of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus and hepatocirrhosis,and the results were drawn by using Weishengxin online drawing platform.Then,the network of drug-compound-target-pathway was constructed by the software of Cytoscape3.8.0.Finally,the above results were verified by molecular docking.47 active compounds from Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus were screened out,which had 38 common targets,162 intersection targets,and 340 signal pathways with hepatocirrhosis,mainly involving hepatitis C,JAK-STAT signal pathway and AGE-RAGE signal pathway.Targets,such as MAPK1,AKT1,TNF,JUN,IL6 and PTGS2,play important roles in the treatment.The findings suggested that the main active ingredients of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis are quercetin,scopolamine,physcion,7-deoxyrangduin,17-Hydroxyjolkinolide A,etc.Molecular docking results showed that the main active components and core targets might have a good binding capacity.This study preliminarily explored the potential mechanism of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis and provided a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus.

以职业需求为导向的全科住院医师培训模式探索

以职业需求为导向,探索建立全科住院医师规范化培训模式,在培养方案,教学方法,考核体系等方面进行改革与创新,进一步加强了教师队伍建设和医院培训基地建设,以期培养出合格的全科住院医师。通过经验介绍,为医学院校教育者和医院管理者提供实践参考。

医学生临床能力培养弱化问题及其破解

分析了国内外高等医学教育对医学生临床能力培养的“早临床”的医学教育理念,并已成为世界各国医学教育改革的一大趋势,医学生“早临床”的目的就在于解决医学生临床能力培养弱化问题。以哈尔滨医科大学“2+3”早期临床模式的改革实践为例,介绍了哈尔滨医科大学“2+3”早期临床模式在教学目标调整、课程体系改革、教学方法改革、考评方式改革、教学质量控制改革、师资队伍建设等方面的改革内容,为破解医学生临床能力培养弱化问题提供了实践经验。

TBL结合LBL综合教学法在临床药学医院课间实习的应用

临床药学课间实习是临床药学实践的重要环节之一。探讨TBL结合LBL教学方法在临床药学课间实习带教中的实践效果。针对应用TBL、LBL、TBL结合LBL教学法的学生进行调查问卷与满意度调查。结果表明,TBL与LBL相结合的教学方法优于传统LBL、TBL教学,综合教学模式不仅激发了临床药学学生的实习兴趣、实现主动学习,还增加了团队协作精神,为本科生临床药学思维的建立奠定基础。

MDT诊疗模式在ICU教学模式改革中的应用

目的探讨多学科诊疗模式(MDT)在ICU教学模式改革中的应用效果。方法选取本院2018年1月-2018年8月重症医学专业住院医师规范化培训学员200人,随机分为传统教学组和MDT理念教学组,每组各100人,传统教学组给予临床操作技能实践,MDT理念教学组在传统教学组的基础上进行MDT多学科训练,对比两组学员临床专业技能考核成绩。结果MDT理念教学组考核总成绩以及理论考试、体格检查、诊疗操作、病历质量、服务质量成绩均高于传统教学组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MDT理念教学组对于教学能够促进学习兴趣、提高临床应变能力、加强医患沟通能力评分高于传统教学组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MDT理念教学组教学满意度以及自我满意度评分高于传统教学组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MDT诊疗模式应用于ICU教学中,可显著提高学员考核成绩,提高学员对教学模式满意度。

以团队为基础的教学在神经病学单病种教学查房的应用

以团队为基础的教学(TBL)模式是以学习团队为载体,旨在通过教师组织学生主动参与,在一定的情景中展开讨论学习,有助于培养学生的临床思维及协作精神。文章阐述了TBL教学法的特点,并具体探讨了与神经病学单病种教学查房的结合,以"脑梗死"这一病例为例从课前准备、查房内容、教学评价方面描述了具体实施过程。同时指出TBL教学法在神经病学教学中的应用现状及不足之处,希望通过不断探索获得良好的教学效果,使学生具备独立分析问题、解决问题的能力。

SPOC在人文医学教育中的实践与反思

“互联网+教育”的深度融合给人文医学教育带来了前所未有的新变革、新契机,促进人文医学教育的深刻转型。通过分析“互联网+教育”时代医学生学习的需求特点,结合哈尔滨医科大学人文医学教育实践,探索SPOC支持下整合在线学习与传统教学,团队教学与个人教学,多种评价相结合的人文医学教育新模式。实践表明,SPOC在人文医学教学中教学优势明显,可以促进人文医学教育多维度、立体化、跨界融合发展,帮助医学生从碎片化的浅层学习迈向体验式的深度学习,共同建构充满人性化的学习共同体。充分利用SPOC平台,注重传承与融合是人文医学教育可持续发展的必由之路。

SimMan在重症医学科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的探讨虚拟仿真教学系统SimMan在重症医学科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果。方法选取我院2016年1月—2018年2月在重症医学科进行住院医师规范化培训的200名住院医师作为研究对象。按入科的时间的不同,将其分为两组,对照组(2016年1月—2017年3月期间规培)和观察组(2017年4月—2018年2月期间规培)。对照组采用传统示教法教学,观察组采用虚拟仿真教学系统SimMan教学。利用理论、实践考核以及调查问卷综合观察教学效果。结果两组测试理论成绩比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);观察组临床技能测试成绩均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。调查问卷结果显示,观察组在培养学习兴趣,提高临床思维、临床操作技能、综合素质以及教学满意度方面均高于对照组。结论在重症医学科住院医师规范化培训中采用虚拟仿真教学系统SimMan是可行的,有利于提高住院医师规范化培训效果。

新冠肺炎疫情防控期间典型病例直播教学法在临床见习中的应用

因新冠肺炎疫情防控要求,学生暂时无法在病房正常进行临床见习,采用典型病例直播教学法替代临床见习,使学生在有效时间内达到教学大纲要求的知识掌握程度,达到教学目的。通过教师和学生访谈、调查问卷反馈显示,应用典型病例直播教学法,有利于提高教师教学能力,有利于提升学生学习能力。

内科临床教学中的多元化教学模式探索

目的探索多元化教学模式在内科临床教学中的应用。方法针对当前内科临床教学中的常见问题,提出多项具体教学方案解决教学实际问题。应用多媒体技术、增加临床仿真练习、加强实践和培训讲解、以问题为基础、医患换位体验等方式对医学专业学生进行培训。结果多元化教学模式解决了教学过程中较为常见的问题,提升了学生对内科临床知识的兴趣,扭转了靠死记硬背来提升学习效果的情况,学生的临床实践能力明显改善。结论多元化教学模式在内科临床教学模式中能使医学生更好的走向工作岗位,值得推广。

高等农业院校有机化学立体教学模式的构建——以吉林农业大学为例

近年来,新农科建设的推进和大类招生培养模式的普及对高等农业院校有机化学课程教学提出了新的挑战。本文以吉林农业大学为例,阐述了构建有机化学立体教学模式的必要性与可行性,探索并实践了以自主学习、翻转课堂和提升实践能力为核心,课前–课堂–课后全面覆盖的立体教学模式,并总结该模式的实践进展和效果。有机化学立体教学模式的构建,有效提升了本校有机化学课程建设水平,也为其他高等农业院校的有机化学课程教学改革提供一定参考。

形成性评价在本科临床教学阶段的应用和探索

在本科临床教学阶段,应用随堂测试与反馈、网络自测与反馈、DOPS评价、Mini-CEX等多元形成性评价方式,促进了学生考核体系的进一步完善。通过组织教师与学生座谈和调查问卷的反馈显示,应用形成性评价符合学生的需求,有利于教师教学水平的提高,有利于学生学习能力的提升。

新农科背景下基于FD-QM标准的“有机化学”在线课程建设

“新农科”建设的人才培养目标是培养“知农爱农、强农兴农”的新型人才,这对高等农林院校的在线课程建设提出了新要求。FD-QM标准注重“以学为中心”,在关注学生在学习过程中实现知识目标的同时,还关注学生能力目标和素质目标的实现,符合“新农科”建设对农林人才的需求。吉林农业大学“有机化学”在线开放课程,以FD-QM标准为课程建设的依据,从课程导航、学习目标、学业考评、课程资料、课程活动、课程技术、学习支持、课程制作等方面对课程进行了重新构建,使学生自主学习更加容易,获得更好的学习体验,帮助学生更好地达成学习目标。

多学科联合教学模式在内分泌科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

随着住院医师规范化培训(住培)的深入开展,如何让住院医师在规范化培训过程中更系统地掌握临床知识、提高临床技能已成为住培临床教学工作面临的重要问题。内分泌疾病的诊治过程涉及多个临床学科,传统教学方法难以取得理想的教学效果。多学科联合教学模式日渐成熟,将多学科联合教学模式引入住院医师规范化培训,让住院医师在内分泌疾病学习过程中系统掌握相关学科的理论知识,培养整体医学思维模式,提高对复杂病例系统诊治的综合能力。在住院医师规范化培训教学中,我们采用多学科联合教学模式,具体形式分为小讲课、疑难病例讨论及教学查房。内分泌科带教老师与多学科专家共同进行讲解、讨论,并与住院医师深入交流,积累更多的教学经验,达到教学相长的目的。多学科联合教学模式可以采用多种评估手段,是一种全新的教育理念,值得在临床教学工作中推广应用。