Low-fat microwaved peanut snacks production:Effect of defatting treatment on structural characteristics,texture,color,and nutrition

This study develops low-fat microwaved peanut snacks(LMPS)using partially defatted peanuts(PDP)with different defatting ratios,catering to people’s pursuit of healthy,low-fat cuisine.The effects of defatting treatment on the structural characteristics,texture,color,and nutrient composition of LMPS were comprehensively explored.The structural characteristics of LMPS were characterized using X-ray micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results demonstrated that the porosity,pore number,pore volume,brightness,brittleness,protein content,and total sugar content of LMPS all significantly increased(P<0.05)with the increase in the defatting ratio.At the micro level,porous structure,cell wall rupture,and loss of intracellular material could be observed in LMPS after defatting treatments.LMPS made from PDP with a defatting ratio of 64.44%had the highest internal pore structural parameters(porosity 59%,pore number 85.3×10^(5),pore volume 68.23 mm3),the brightest color(L^(*) 78.39±0.39),the best brittleness(3.64±0.21)mm^(–1)),and the best nutrition(high protein content,(34.02±0.38)%;high total sugar content,(17.45±0.59)%;low-fat content,(27.58±0.85)%).The study provides a theoretical basis for the quality improvement of LMPS.

Necroptosis contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathoetiology with promising diagnostic and therapeutic functions

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease.However,the disease is underappreciated as a remarkable chronic disorder as there are rare managing strategies.Several studies have focused on determining NAFLD-caused hepatocyte death to elucidate the disease pathoe-tiology and suggest functional therapeutic and diagnostic options.Pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and necroptosis are the main subtypes of non-apoptotic regulated cell deaths(RCDs),each of which represents particular characteristics.Considering the complexity of the findings,the present study aimed to review these types of RCDs and their contribution to NAFLD progression,and subsequently discuss in detail the role of necroptosis in the pathoetiology,diagnosis,and treatment of the disease.The study revealed that necroptosis is involved in the occurrence of NAFLD and its progression towards steatohepatitis and cancer,hence it has potential in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Nevertheless,further studies are necessary.

Ligand Engineering in Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted aggressive attention in the photovoltaic field in light of the rapid increasing power conversion efficiency.However,their large-scale application and commercialization are limited by the toxicity issue of lead(Pb).Among all the lead-free perovskites,tin(Sn)-based perovskites have shown potential due to their low toxicity,ideal bandgap structure,high carrier mobility,and long hot carrier lifetime.Great progress of Sn-based PSCs has been realized in recent years,and the certified efficiency has now reached over 14%.Nevertheless,this record still falls far behind the theoretical calculations.This is likely due to the uncontrolled nucleation states and pronounced Sn(Ⅳ)vacancies.With insights into the methodologies resolving both issues,ligand engineering-assisted perovskite film fabrication dictates the state-of-the-art Sn-based PSCs.Herein,we summarize the role of ligand engineering during each state of film fabrication,ranging from the starting precursors to the ending fabricated bulks.The incorporation of ligands to suppress Sn~(2+)oxidation,passivate bulk defects,optimize crystal orientation,and improve stability is discussed,respectively.Finally,the remained challenges and perspectives toward advancing the performance of Sn-based PSCs are presented.We expect this review can draw a clear roadmap to facilitate Sn-based PSCs via ligand engineering.

Peanut proteins:Extraction,modifications,and applications:A comprehensive review

As naturally sourced proteins,peanut proteins have garnered significant attention from the food industry,owing to their numerous advantages,such as easy extraction,non-pungency,and high bioavailability.Furthermore,peanut proteins are highly digestible in the gastrointestinal tract and boast a high net protein utilization rate,making them an appealing protein source in food products and a promising alternative to animal protein.In this paper,the recent works on the extraction method,modification method,and application of peanut proteins were reviewed.Both advantages and disadvantages of current extraction and modification were discussed.Recently updated information about peanut protein research was summarized.Based on these,the prospection of peanut proteins research was presented,which may be instructive for future research in this field.Future research is still needed for accessible modification methods to develop the functional properties of peanut proteins.

Relationship between Volatile Anesthetics and Tumor Progression: Unveiling the Mystery

A series of factors can be involved in the perioperative period to cause an increase in cancer-related mortality.Unfortunately,volatile anesthesia might aggravate the deleterious effects. In this article,we review the association of diverse volatile anesthetic agents with immune system and cancer cell biology,and examine the effects on angeogenesis and postoperative metastasis or recurrence.Isoflurane,haloflurane and enflurane enhance immunosuppression and upregulate hypoxia-inducible-factor 1and matrix metalloproteinases,leading to the cancer malignant progression,whereas roles of desflurane and sevoflurane are still unclear.As the effects of volatile anesthetics on tumor immunity have been known,it will be beneficial for using selective drugs into anesthesia and operation in cancer patients.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 4″-O-carbamoyl analogs of clarithromycin

A series of novel 4'-O-carbamoyl analogs of clarithromycin were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. All of the desired compounds showed excellent activity against erythromycin-susceptible S.pneumoniae.Particularly,4-fluorobenzyl carbamate 7a demonstrated potent activity against erythromycin-resistant S.pneumoniae encoded by the mef gene,and remarkably improved activity against erythromycin-resistant S.pneumoniae encoded by the erm gene,and the erm and mef genes.

Synthesis of novel 15-membered macrolide dimers

A series of novel dimers of 15-membered macrolides was synthesized and evaluated. The dimers exhibited excellent activity against erythromycin-susceptible S. pneumonia, but did not show any improved activity against erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae encoded by erm gene. ？2009 Shu Tao Ma. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All fights reserved.

Effects of Acetylacetone Solution Soaking on Agrobacterium - transformed Maize Seed Buds

[Objectives]The effect of acetosyringone seed soaking on the transformation of maize seed buds was analyzed,so as to improve the genetic transformation efficiency of maize and to provide technical support for transgenic breeding of maize.[Methods]The seeds of the"Zheng 58"maize inbred line were used as experimental materials.When the seeds were germinated,AS was added to the water at concentrations of 70,140,210,and 280μmol/L,respectively,and the seeds germinated without the addition of AS served as the CK.The Agrobacterium-mediated method was used to transform bud growth points of maize seeds,and green fluorescent protein detection was performed on the young shoots transformed with EGFP(enhanced green fluorescent protein)gene.The effect of soaking seeds with acetosyringone solution on the transformation of maize bud growth points by Agrobacterium was studied according to the detection results.[Results]Soaking seeds in acetosyringone solutions for germination had the effect of inhibiting the germination of maize seeds and inhibiting sprout elongation,and the higher the concentration of acetosyringone,the stronger the inhibition.When the concentration of acetosyringone solution was 280μmol/L,the germination rate of seeds was only 36.2%of the CK,while soaking seeds with 70-140μmol/L acetosyringone solution for germination could not only ensure a higher germination rate of maize seeds,but also significantly increased the transformation efficiency of maize bud growth points.When the seeds were soaked with 70μmol/L acetosyringone solution for germination,the positive rate of transformed maize buds was the highest,reaching 32.1%.[Conclusions]When maize bud growth points were used as the receptor of Agrobacterium transformation,soaking seeds with 70-140μmol/L acetosyringone for germination basically did not affect the germination of seeds,and was beneficial to the activation of Agrobacterium,thereby promoting the transformation.

Scaling of weighted spectral distribution in weighted small-world networks

Many real-world systems can be modeled by weighted small-world networks with high clustering coefficients. Recent studies for rigorously analyzing the weighted spectral distribution（W SD） have focused on unweighted networks with low clustering coefficients. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the W SD in a deterministic weighted scale-free small-world network model and find that the W SD grows sublinearly with increasing network order（i.e., the number of nodes） and provides a sensitive discrimination for each input of this model. This study demonstrates that the scaling feature of the W SD exists in the weighted network model which has high and order-independent clustering coefficients and reasonable power-law exponents.

Identification of TMEM217 as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia

Despite remarkable advances in molecular and cell biology of acute myeloid leukemia(AML),AML patients still frequently relapse and have low 5-year overall survival(OS)rates.1 It is worth noting that a recent study from the registry or clinical trial compilation has reported an improvement in the OS of adult AML patients,especially those under 60 years of age.

IRF4 and IRF8 expression are associated with clinical phenotype and clinico-hematological response to hydroxyurea in essential thrombocythemia

The morbidity and mortality of myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPNs)are primarily caused by arterial and venous complications,progression to myelofibrosis,and transformation to acute leukemia.However,identifying molecular-based biomarkers for risk stratification of patients with MPNs remains a challenge.We have previously shown that interferon regulatory factor-8(IRF8)and IRF4 serve as tumor suppressors in myeloid cells.In this study,we evaluated the expression of IRF4 and IRF8 and the JAK2V617F mutant allele burden in patients with MPNs.Patients with decreased IRF4 expression were correlated with a more developed MPN phenotype in myelofibrosis(MF)and secondary AML(sAML)transformed from MPNs versus essential thrombocythemia(ET).Negative correlations between the JAK2V617F allele burden and the expression of IRF8(P<0.05)and IRF4(P<0.001)and between white blood cell(WBC)count and IRF4 expression(P<0.05)were found in ET patients.IRF8 expression was negatively correlated with the JAK2V617F allele burden(P<0.05)in polycythemia vera patients.Complete response(CR),partial response(PR),and no response(NR)were observed in 67.5%,10%,and 22.5%of ET patients treated with hydroxyurea(HU),respectively,in 12 months.At 3 months,patients in the CR group showed high IRF4 and IRF8 expression compared with patients in the PR and NR groups.In the 12-month therapy period,low IRF4 and IRF8 expression were independently associated with the unfavorable response to HU and high WBC count.Our data indicate that the expression of IRF4 and IRF8 was associated with the MPN phenotype,which may serve as biomarkers for the response to HU in ET.

Industrial-scale investigations on effects of tertiary-air declination angle on combustion and steam temperature characteristics in a 350-MW supercritical down-fired boiler

Industrial-scale experiments were conducted to study the effects of tertiary air declination angle(TDA)on the coal combustion and steam temperature characteristics in the first 350-MW supercritical down-fired boiler in China with the multiple-injection and multiple-staging combustion(MIMSC)technology at medium and high loads.The experimental results indicated that as the TDA increased from 0°to 15°,the overall gas temperature in the lower furnace rose and the symmetry of temperature field was enhanced.The ignition distance of the fuel-rich coal/air flow decreased.In near-burner region,the concentration of O2 decreased while the concentrations of CO and NO increased.The concentration of NO decreased in near-tertiary-air region.The carbon in fly ash decreased significantly from 8.40%to 6.45%at a load of 260 MW.At a TDA of 15°,the ignition distances were the shortest(2.07 m and 1.73 m)at a load of 210 MW and 260 MW,respectively.The main and reheat steam temperatures were the highest(557.2℃ and 559.4℃ at a load of 210 MW,558.4℃ and 560.3℃ at a load of 260 MW).The carbon in fly ash was the lowest(4.83%)at a load of 210 MW.On changing the TDA from 15°to 25°,the flame kernel was found to move downward and the main and reheat steam temperatures dropped obviously.The change of TDA has little effect on NO_(x) emissions(660–681 mg/m^(3) at 6%O_(2)).In comprehensive consideration of the pulverized coal combustion characteristics and the unit economic performance,an optimal TDA of 15°is recommended.

Attention-based encoder-decoder model for answer selection in question answering

One of the key challenges for question answering is to bridge the lexical gap between questions and answers because there may not be any matching word between them. Machine translation models have been shown to boost the performance of solving the lexical gap problem between question-answer pairs. In this paper, we introduce an attention-based deep learning model to address the answer selection task for question answering. The proposed model employs a bidirectional long short-term memory （LSTM） encoder-decoder, which has been demonstrated to be effective on machine translation tasks to bridge the lexical gap between questions and answers. Our model also uses a step attention mechanism which allows the question to focus on a certain part of the candidate answer. Finally, we evaluate our model using a benchmark dataset and the results show that our approach outperforms the existing approaches. Integrating our model significantly improves the performance of our question answering system in the TREC 2015 LiveQA task.

Perovskite solar cell towards lower toxicity: a theoretical study of physical lead reduction strategy

The huge performance enhancements of the organometal halide perovskite solar cells(OHPSCs) have appealed enormous attention within recent ten years. Although the rapid growth of the device power conversion efficiency(PCE) has attained over 25%, the contamination of health-hazardous components still holds back its sustainable applications. To reduce the lead usage, many groups have tried chemical lead reduction solutions: substituting the lead by other group 14 metal elements to realize the low-lead OHPSCs. Unfortunately, neither the PCE nor the stability, low-lead OHPSCs all lag far behind the state-ofthe-art conventional lead-based OHPSCs. In this work, we present a physical lead reduction(PLR) concept by reducing the perovskite film thickness to restrict the perovskite hazard risk with minor scarification in device performances. Through the simulation of transfer matrix model, we theoretically demonstrated that by introducing the optical space layer, the device PCE could maintain 96% of the original maximum value while attenuating the perovskite film thickness to one-third. This means that the usage of lead can be reduced by $70% with PLR concept, which could have broad appeal as a new lead reduction strategy towards high performance OHPSCs.

Dicyanovinyl-unit-induced absorption enhancement of iridium(III) complexes in long-wavelength range and potential application in dye-sensitized solar cells

Iridium complexes with dicyanovinyl-grafted phenylpyridine/l-phenylisoquinoline as ligands are synthesized and their photo- physical, electrochemical, and sensitization properties in DSSCs are investigated. The iridium complexes present significantly enhanced absorption from 400 to 525 nm. The 1-phenylisoquinoline-based iridium complex show bathochromic-shift emission in DMSO solution compared with their phenylpyridine-based counterpart, while their absorption response and photoluminescence peak in solid show little difference despite extension of the conjugated system. Using DSSCs, the conversion efficiency of 0.62% and open-circuit current of 1.4 mA/cm2 is achieved. The poor performance is attributed to the excited-state properties of iridium complexes according to the TD-DFT calculation.

Palmitoylation of GNAQ/11 is critical for tumor cell proliferation and survival in GNAQ/11-mutant uveal melanoma

More than 85%of patients with uveal melanoma(UM)carry a GNAQ or GNA11 mutation at a hotspot codon(Q209)that encodes G proteinαsubunit q/11 polypeptides(Gα_(q/11)).GNAQ/11 relies on palmitoylation for membrane association and signal transduction.Despite the palmitoylation of GNAQ/11 was discovered long before,its implication in UM remains unclear.Here,results of palmitoylation-targeted mutagenesis and chemical interference approaches revealed that the loss of GNAQ/11 palmitoylation substantially affected tumor cell proliferation and survival in UM cells.Palmitoylation inhibition through the mutation of palmitoylation sites suppressed GNAQ/11^(Q209L)-induced malignant transformation in NIH3T3 cells.Importantly,the palmitoylation-deficient oncogenic GNAQ/11 failed to rescue the cell death initiated by the knock down of endogenous GNAQ/11 oncogenes in UM cells,which are much more dependent on Gα_(q/11) signaling for cell survival and proliferation than other melanoma cells without GNAQ/11 mutations.Furthermore,the palmitoylation inhibitor,2-bromopalmitate,also specifically disrupted Gα_(q/11) downstream signaling by interfering with the MAPK pathway and BCL2 survival pathway in GNAQ/11-mutant UM cells and showed a notable synergistic effect when applied in combination with the BCL2 inhibitor,ABT-199,in vitro.The findings validate that GNAQ/11 palmitoylation plays a critical role in UM and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for GNAQ/11-driven UM.

Silafluorene moieties as promising building blocks for constructing wide-energy-gap host materials of blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices

In this article, we reported the synthesis and characterization of a novel silafluorene-based host material, 1,3-bis（5-methyl-5H- dibenzo[b,d]silol-5-yl）benzene （Me-DBSiB）, for blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices （PHOLEDs）. The Me- DBSiB was constructed by linking 9-methyl-9-silafluorene units to the phenyl framework through the sp3-hybridized silica atom to maintain high singlet and triplet energy, as well as to enhance thermal and photo-stability. The calculated result shows that the phenyl core does not contribute to both the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Wide optical energy gap of 4.1 eV was achieved. When the Me-DBSiB was used as the host and iridium （Ⅲ） bis[（4,6-difluorophenyl）pyridinato-N,C2＇]picolate （Firpic） as the guest, a maximum current efficiency was 14.8 cd/A, lower than the counterpart of 1,3-bis（9-carbazolyl）benzene （28 cd/A）. The unbalanced barrier for electron and hole injection to host layer may be responsible for low efficiency. Even so, our results show that silafluorene moieties are promising building blocks for constructing wide-energy-gap host materials.