Giant reversible barocaloric effects with high thermal cycle stability in epoxybonded(MnCoGe)_(0.96)(CuCoSn)_(0.04) composite

Hexagonal MnMX-based(M=Co or Ni,X=Si or Ge)alloys exhibit giant reversible barocaloric effects.However,giant volume expansion would result in the as-cast MnMX ingots fragmenting into powders,and inevitably bring the deterioration of mechanical properties and formability.Grain fragmentation can bring degradation of structural transformation entropy change during cyclic application and removal of pressure.In this paper,giant reversible barocaloric effects with high thermal cycle stability can be achieved in the epoxy bonded(MnCoGe)0.96(CuCoSn)0.04 composite.Giant reversible isothermal entropy change of 43.0 J·kg^(−1)·K^(−1) and adiabatic temperature change from barocaloric effects(ΔT_(BCE))of 15.6 K can be obtained within a wide temperature span of 30 K at 360 MPa,which is mainly attributed to the integration of the change in the transition temperature driven by pressure of−101 K·GPa^(−1) and suitable thermal hysteresis of 11.1 K.Further,the variation of reversibleΔ_(TBCE) against the applied hydrostatic pressure reaches up to 43 K·GPa^(−1),which is at the highest level among the other reported giant barocaloric compounds.More importantly,after 60 thermal cycles,the composite does not break and the calorimetric curves coincide well,demonstrating good thermal cycle stability.

Limosilactobacillus mucosae FZJTZ26M3 prevents NAFLD in mice through modulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis

Lactobacillus are considered promising therapeutic methods for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The effects of two strains of Ltmosilactobacillus mucosae on NAFLD were investigated in this study.Fourweek-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups(n=8 per group,Control,Model,FZJTZ26M3,FGSYC17L3).L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 reduced the mice 's body weight,liver weight,and adipose tissue weight after 12 weeks of therapy.According to serum analysis,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased after L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 intervention.Liver pathology showed that L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 was effective to ameliorate lipid deposition in NAFLD mice.Additionally,the expression of the gene related to lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue was analyzed,and the results indicated that L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 could alleviate NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism.Furthermore,the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a drop in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae,which is linked to inflammation,but the relative abundance of a potential probiotic Akkermansia significantly increased after L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 intervention.Generally,L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 could be a candidate to prevent NAFLD.

Association between Residential Greenness and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Adults in Rural Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China:A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang)and thus provide a theoretical basis and data support for improving the health of residents in this region.Methods We recruited 9,723 adult rural residents from the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in September 2016.The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)was used to estimate residential greenness.The generalized linear mixed model(GLMM)was used to examine the association between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors.Results Higher residential greenness was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence.After adjustments were made for age,sex,education,and marital status,for each interquartile range(IQR)increase of NDVI500-m,the risk of hypertension was reduced by 10.3%(OR=0.897,95%CI=0.836-0.962),the risk of obesity by 20.5%(OR=0.795,95%CI=0.695-0.910),the risk of type 2 diabetes by 15.1%(OR=0.849,95%CI=0.740-0.974),and the risk of dyslipidemia by 10.5%(OR=0.895,95%CI=0.825-0.971).Risk factor aggregation was reduced by 20.4%(OR=0.796,95%CI=0.716-0.885)for the same.Stratified analysis showed that NDVI500-m was associated more strongly with hypertension,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation among male participants.The association of NDVI500-m with type 2 diabetes was stronger among participants with a higher education level.PM10 and physical activity mediated 1.9%-9.2%of the associations between NDVI500-m and obesity,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation.Conclusion Higher residential greenness has a protective effect against cardiometabolic risk factors among rural residents in Xinjiang.Increasing the area of green space around residences is an effective measure to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic-related diseases among rural residents in Xinjiang.

The HOXC10/NOD1/ERK axis drives osteolytic bone metastasis of pan-KRAS-mutant lung cancer

While KRAS mutation is the leading cause of low survival rates in lung cancer bone metastasis patients,effective treatments are still lacking.Here,we identified homeobox C10(HOXC10)as a lynchpin in pan-KRAS-mutant lung cancer bone metastasis.

Gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 overexpression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells improves brain pathology,cognition,and behavior in APP/PS1 mice

In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease,as well as the underlying mechanism.We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease(Aβ_(1-42)-treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells),as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model.Additionally,injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits.Interestingly,increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-βin the brains of APP/PS1 mice.This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression ofβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B.Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis,and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.

A Novel Self-Supervised Learning Network for Binocular Disparity Estimation

Two-dimensional endoscopic images are susceptible to interferences such as specular reflections and monotonous texture illumination,hindering accurate three-dimensional lesion reconstruction by surgical robots.This study proposes a novel end-to-end disparity estimation model to address these challenges.Our approach combines a Pseudo-Siamese neural network architecture with pyramid dilated convolutions,integrating multi-scale image information to enhance robustness against lighting interferences.This study introduces a Pseudo-Siamese structure-based disparity regression model that simplifies left-right image comparison,improving accuracy and efficiency.The model was evaluated using a dataset of stereo endoscopic videos captured by the Da Vinci surgical robot,comprising simulated silicone heart sequences and real heart video data.Experimental results demonstrate significant improvement in the network’s resistance to lighting interference without substantially increasing parameters.Moreover,the model exhibited faster convergence during training,contributing to overall performance enhancement.This study advances endoscopic image processing accuracy and has potential implications for surgical robot applications in complex environments.

Protective effect of thodioloside and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells infected with HIF-1-expressing adenovirus on acute spinal cord injury

Rhodioloside has been shown to protect cells from hypoxia injury,and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have a good effect on tissue repair.To study the effects of rhodioloside and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on spinal cord injury,a rat model of spinal cord injury was established using the Infinite Horizons method.After establishing the model,the rats were randomly divided into five groups.Rats in the control group were intragastrically injected with phosphate buffered saline(PBS)(5μL).PBS was injected at 6 equidistant points around 5 mm from the injury site and at a depth of 5 mm.Rats in the rhodioloside group were intragastrically injected with rhodioloside(5 g/kg)and intramuscularly injected with PBS.Rats in the mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)group were intramuscularly injected with PBS and intramuscularly with MSCs(8×10^6/mL in a 50-μL cell suspension).Rats in the Ad-HIF-MSC group were intragastrically injected with PBS and intramuscularly injected with HIF-1 adenovirus-infected MSCs.Rats in the rhodioloside+Ad-HIF-MSC group were intramuscularly injected with MSCs infected with the HIF-1 adenovirus and intragastrically injected with rhodioloside.One week after treatment,exercise recovery was evaluated with a modified combined behavioral score scale.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Pischingert’s methylene blue staining were used to detect any histological or pathological changes in spinal cord tissue.Levels of adenovirus IX and Sry mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and used to determine the number of adenovirus and mesenchymal stem cells that were transfected into the spinal cord.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect HIF-1 protein levels in the spinal cord.The results showed that:(1)compared with the other groups,the rhodioloside+Ad-HIF-MSC group exhibited the highest combined behavioral score(P<0.05),the most recovered tissue,and the greatest number of neurons,as indicated by Pischingert’s methylene blue staining.(2)Compared with the PBS group,HIF-1 protein expression was greater in the rhodioloside group(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the Ad-HIF-MSC group,Sry mRNA levels were higher in the rhodioloside+Ad-HIF-MSC group(P<0.05).These results confirm that rhodioloside combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can promote the recovery of spinal cord injury and activate the HIF-1 pathway to promote the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and repair damaged neurons within spinal cord tissue.This experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(approval No.2015KYLL029)in June 2015.

The application of virtual reality training for anastomosis during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy

Objective:To investigate the application of virtual reality training in vesicourethral anastomosis during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).Methods:Three certified robotic urologists who underwent virtual reality training were enrolled in the study group.The other three without training were enrolled in the control group.Parameters were recorded before and after the training.Then a total of 18 patients undergoing RARP were enrolled and randomized assigned to receive anastomosis procedures with certified urologists who either obtained or did not obtain training.The quality of the anastomosis was evaluated.Results:For the virtual training evaluation,the overall score was significantly improved from 65.0±10.8 to 92.7±3.5(p=0.014);the time of anastomosis was shortened;the economy of motion improved;instrument collisions decreased after training(p<0.05).Besides,the effectiveness of the virtual training was evaluated in the 18 real anastomosis procedures which were completed either by three urologists with training or three urologists without training.Most intriguingly,the average time of anastomosis was shortened from 40.0±12.4 min to 25.1±7.1 min(p=0.015).The parameters including time of operation,creatinine level of drainage,postoperative hospital stay and duration of catheter drainage were comparable before and after training.Two leakages,which were observed in procedures by doctors without training,needed salvage sutures by a senior doctor.Conclusions:Virtual reality training enabled surgeons to become quickly familiar with robotic system manipulation,improved their skills for vesicourethral anastomosis and shortened the learning curve,thus helping them operate with high efficacy and quality.

Initial experience of laparoendoscopic single-site radical prostatectomy with a novel purpose-built robotic system

Objective This prospective single-arm clinical trial aimed to evaluated the feasibility and safety of the application of the SHURUI system(Beijing Surgerii Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,China),a novel purpose-built robotic system,in single-port robotic radical prostatectomy.Methods Sixteen patients diagnosed with prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled in and underwent robotic radical prostatectomy from October 2021 to August 2022 by the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system.The demographic and baseline data,surgical,oncological,and functional outcomes as well as follow-up data were recorded.Results The mean operative time was 226.3(standard deviation[SD]52.0)min,and the mean console time was 183.4(SD 48.3)min,with the mean estimated blood loss of 116.3(SD 90.0)mL.The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 4.50(SD 0.97)days.Two patients had postoperative complications(Clavien-Dindo Grade II),and both patients improved after conservative treatment.All patients’postoperative prostate-specific antigen levels decreased to below 0.2 ng/mL 1 month after discharge.The mean prostate-specific antigen level further decreased to a mean of 0.0219(SD 0.0641)ng/mL 6 months after surgery.Thirty days postoperatively,12 out of 16 patients reported using no more than one urinary pad per day,and all patients reported satisfactory urinary control without the need for pads 6 months after surgery.Conclusion The SHURUI system is safe and feasible in performing radical prostatectomy via both transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approaches.Tumor control and urinary continence were satisfying for patients enrolled in.The next phase involves conducting a large-scale,multicenter randomized controlled trial to thoroughly assess the effectiveness and safety of the new technology in a broader population.

枸杞多糖通过下调PD-L1表达抑制胆囊癌细胞增殖、侵袭及免疫逃逸的实验研究

目的探讨枸杞多糖(LBP)对胆囊癌细胞增殖、侵袭以及免疫逃逸的影响。方法QBC939和SGC-996胆囊癌细胞分为LBP组、Control组、LBP+pcDNA组和LBP+PD-L1组;将外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)与植物血凝素(PHA)共孵育,记为PHA组,未共孵育的PBMCs记为NC组;上述各组QBC939和SGC-996细胞分别与PBMCs共孵育,分为PHA+Control组、PHA+LBP组、PHA+LBP+pcDNA组和PHA+LBP+PD-L1组。CCK-8、流式细胞术和Transwell实验分别检测细胞增殖、凋亡及侵袭能力;收集健康捐献者的外周血,采用Ficoll-Conray密度梯度法分离PBMCs,ELISA试剂盒检测PHA诱导的PBMCs中IFN-γ的释放。qPCR和Western blotting法检测程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)的表达量。结果相较于Control组,LBP组QBC939和SGC-996细胞增殖(48.00±8.00 vs.100±9.17;39.67±4.51 vs.100±7.00)及侵袭(61.33±8.63 vs.110.33±12.50;51.00±8.00 vs.118.67±14.01)受到抑制,细胞凋亡率升高〔(21.10±2.03)%vs.(6.67±1.31)%;(24.30±2.11)%vs.(6.20±1.60)%〕,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,与PHA组比较,PHA+Control组IFN-γ含量降低(2.37±0.15 vs.0.76±0.12,3.11±0.25 vs.1.04±0.19);相较于PHA+Control组,PHA+LBP组IFN-γ含量升高(1.84±0.12 vs.0.76±0.12,2.52±0.20 vs.1.04±0.19)。与Control组比较,LBP组QBC939或SGC-996细胞中PD-L1 mRNA(1.00±0.07 vs.0.30±0.08,1.00±0.09 vs.0.21±0.07)以及蛋白(1.00±0.11 vs.0.47±0.08,1.00±0.08 vs.0.32±0.07)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。相较于LBP+pcDNA组,LBP+PD-L1组QBC939或SGC-996细胞细胞活力增强〔(48.33±7.02)%vs.(86.00±6.56)%;(40.33±7.02)%vs.(79.33±7.03)%〕,细胞凋亡率降低〔(20.36±3.01)%vs.(13.30±2.01)%;(24.50±1.93)%vs.(14.30±1.77)%〕,以及细胞侵袭增强(56.67±10.01 vs.90.33±9.61;48.33±9.61 vs.95.67±9.50;P<0.05);与PHA+LPB+pcDNA组比较,PHA+LPB+PD-L1组PAH诱导的PBMCs IFN-γ释放显著降低(1.86±0.16 vs.0.77±0.12,P<0.05)。结论枸杞多糖通过下调PD-L1的表达抑制胆囊癌细胞增殖,侵袭以及免疫逃逸。

基于集成树算法的岩石黏聚力和内摩擦角预测方法

岩石的黏聚力(c)和内摩擦角(φ)是岩石工程设计及稳定性评价的重要参数,其直接测量需通过多组三轴或剪切试验,耗时多且成本高。基于4个易获取的岩石物理力学参数(纵波波速VP、密度ρ、单轴抗压强度UCS和巴西抗拉强度BTS),构建了用于预测c和φ值的智能模型。共收集了199组含不同岩石类型的数据,采用5种集成树算法开发预测模型,使用贝叶斯优化算法对模型的超参数进行优化。模型评估结果表明:构建的模型均具有较好的预测性能,其中极端随机树模型表现最佳(测试R^(2)>0.97)。敏感性分析表明:VP、UCS和BTS对c值的预测结果影响较大,ρ对φ值的预测结果影响较大。研究成果已成功应用于金川矿区,验证了模型的实用性,开发的图形用户界面便于工程技术人员使用。

疫情后时代数字经济对高等教育国际化的影响与对策

新冠疫情的冲击迫使高等教育国际化不断寻求出路。在此期间,数字技术受到高等教育的青睐,也给疫情后时代的高等教育国际化带来新路径。但数字经济将在高等教育国际化进程中发挥怎样的作用?高等教育国际化又面临怎样的机遇和挑战?我国高等教育国际化又将如何应对?基于以上问题,深度探讨数字经济概念以及数字教育的表现形式,分析数字经济给高等教育国际化带来的契机和挑战,指出高校教育国际化过程中,数字经济从疫情时代的应对挑战角色,向疫情后时代常态模式的转变。据此提出,数字经济作为科技进步的必然,是高等教育发展的产物,反过来,数字经济作为技术手段,同时也推动高等教育发展;高等教育国际化既受数字经济带来的技术推动,也面临数字经济带来的安全挑战;我国在利用数字经济引进国际化教育资源时,需要作好应对策略,在推动高等教育资源走向世界时,要有更大的包容性和灵活性。

The Synthesis of 4-Arylcarbonyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-2-phenylfurans by Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reactions

Keto esters 8, 4-arylcarbonyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-2-phenylfurans, potential precursors of the synthesis of furofuran lignans, were obtained from dimethyl 2-phenylfuran-3,4-dicarboxylate 2. Diester 2 was selectively hydrolyzed to monoacid 6 followed by converting to its acid chloride 7. Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions of 7 with aromatic compounds afforded keto esters 8. The geometric structures of 8 and its precursors were elucidated and verified by NMR spectra.

The Synthesis and Regioselective Hydrolysis of Dialkyl 2-Phenylfuran (and 2-Phenyltetrahydrofuran) -3,4-dicarboxylates

Dialkyl 2-phenylfuran (and 2-phenyltetrahydrofuran)-3,4-dicarboxylates (1, 2, 5-7), which are potential precursors of the synthesis of furofuran and tetrahydrofurofuran lignans, can be selectively hydrolyzed to monoacid (3, 8) by potassium hydroxide. The regioselective hydrolysis was affected significantly by the 2-phenyl group of the furan or tetrahydrofuran skeleton. The geometric structures of 3, 8 and related compounds were elucidated and verified by NMR spectra.

Cisplatin sensitivity and mechanisms of anti-HPV16 E6-ribozyme on cervical carcinoma CaSKi cell line

Objective： The aim of this study was to study the cisplatin sensitizing effect and mechanism of anti-HPV16 E6- ribozyme on cervical carcinoma cell line. Methods： The anti-HPV16E6-ribozyme and empty eucaryotic expressing plasmids were transfected into CaSKi cell, which named as CaSKi-R, CaSKi-P respectively. E6 mRNA, the sensitivity to cisplatin, apoptosis rates, expression of p53, Bcl-2, Bax and C-myc proteins and mRNA were examined by Northem blot, MTT colorimetric assay, PI/Annexin V stained methods, flow cytometry anslysis and RT-PCR, respectively. Results： E6 mRNA was less in CaSKi-R than in CaSKi. The sensitivity of CaSKi-R cells to cisplatin was 2.28 and 2.21 times than that of CaSKi and CaSKi-P cells. The apoptotic rates in CaSKi, CaSKi-P and CaSKi-R cells was （18.9 ± 3.5）%, （19.7 ± 4.8）% and （40.4 ± 4.5）%. The apoptotic rates was increased in CaSKi-R than that of CaSKi cells treated with cisplatin （P = 0.003）. Comapred with CaSKi cell, the expression of p53 （P = 0.000）, Bax protein （P = 0.002） was significantly higher and the expression of Bcl-2 protein （P = 0.005）, C-myc protein （P = 0.005） was significantly lower in CaSKi-R than that of CaSKi cell treated with cisplatin. Comapred with CaSKi cell, the expression of p53, Bax mRNA in CaSKi-R cell treated with cisplatin increased, while Bcl-2, C-myc mRNA decreased. Conclusion： CaSKi-R cells transfected by anti-HPVE6-ribozyme increased the sensitivity to cisplatin. The increase of sensitivity to cisplatin in CaSKi-R cells may be associated with increasing expression of p53, Bax protein, and decreasing expression of C-myc, Bcl-2 proteins.

Key Optimization Issues for Renewable Energy Systems under Carbon-Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Targets:Current States and Perspectives

1 Introduction The United States,Japan,Canada,the European Union,and other developed countries and regions have all formulated climate strategies and pledged to achieve net-zero CO_(2) emissions by 2050.China,meanwhile,has announced through the“carbon-peaking and carbon neutrality targets”in September 2020 that it aims to achieve“peak carbon use”by 2030 and“carbon neutrality”by 2060[1].According to statistical data from the International Energy Agency(IEA),Fig.1 illustrates the carbon intensity of electricity generation in various regions in the Announced Pledge Scenario(APS)from 2010 to 2040[2].One can easily observe that each region aims to accomplish a sharp decrease in the carbon intensity of electricity generation after 2020.

Pathogenicity of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes Produced by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. against Mangoes

[ Objective ] This study aimed to confirm the roles of cell wall degrading enzymes （CWDEs） produced by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. in the infec- tion of mango fruits. [ Method] Change of activities of five types of CWDEs produced by B. theobromae Pat. were studied under both in vitro culture and inocula- tion conditions, along with the pathogenicity and the ability of producing CWDEs of four post-harvest fangal pathogens（B, theobromae Pat. , Colletotrichum gloeos- porioides Penz. , Phomopsis mangiferae Ahmad and Dothiorella dominicana Pet. et Cif. ） which cause stem-end rot of mangoes. [ Result] B. theobromae Pat. was a- ble to produce polygalacturonase（PG）, pectinmethylgalacturonase（PMG）, polygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase （PGTE）, pectin methyltrans-eliminase （PMTE） and cellulase （ Cx. ） under both in vitro culture and inoculation conditions, of which activities of PG, Cx and PMG were significantly higher in than that in either PGTE or PMTE. Among three primary CWDEs, the peak of activities of PG and Cx appeared earlier and that of PMG occured later. The pathogenicity of B. theo- bromae Pat. was significantly higher than that of any other three pathogens; it is the same with the abilities of producing pectinase. [ Conclusion] This paper pro- vides theoretical bases for further exploring the mechanism of host-pathogen interaction and decreasing the post-harvest loss of mango fruits.

揭示“声-物理-化学”的本质:超声辅助过程中的空化和振动效应

超声辅助工艺在清洗、合成、催化等领域得到广泛应用,展现出巨大的应用潜力.然而,人们对于超声辅助过程中反应机理的认识和理解仍然不足,这在一定程度上限制了其进一步的推广应用.此外,当前对于超声辅助过程关键问题的研究仍然存在一些被忽略之处,例如协同指数计算、成本评估等.基于此,将对超声辅助过程中的反应机理及这些被忽视的关键问题进行深入探讨和强调.在深入探究空化和振动效应这两个超声核心特征的基础上,本文全面回顾了超声辅助过程的研究现状,详细阐述了空化和振动的基本原理,并梳理了当前超声辅助工艺的研究进展.同时,从多个维度探讨了超声辅助工艺潜在的研究方向,并提出了以“声-物-化”为指导理念,旨在通过超声辅助工艺与其他领域的深度交叉融合,实现催化过程中的重大突破.特别是,本文详细介绍了“压电耦合高级氧化实现废水修复同步高效产氢”这一新兴技术,展现了超声在环境修复和能源生产领域的巨大潜力.针对该技术,本文提出以下展望:(1)在解析超声辅助过程的反应机理时,应明确识别并区分是否存在压电效应,以深化对反应机制的理解,提高超声辅助技术的效率和可控性;(2)超声辅助降解过程的重点研究应聚焦于协同指数计算、成本评估、仪器参数规格说明和新污染物的扩展等方面,以提升技术的实用性和经济性;(3)鼓励将人工智能等前沿技术整合到超声辅助过程中,以优化操作策略并获得最佳方案;(4)除了降低成本外,超声辅助过程还能促进高附加值产品的获取,并通过能量回收和再利用的方式,为降低碳排放做出贡献,从而助力实现降碳目标.(5)通过与不同领域的深度交叉,鼓励超声辅助催化工艺的创新扩展,特别是,通过耦合压电催化和高级氧化技术,实现废水修复过程中的能量和物质的回收,进而实现废水的资源化利用.(6)积极研发适用于超声辅助工艺机理研究的更精确的表征方法,如原位表征技术等,以减少或避免超声高能量输入对精密仪器的潜在损害.(7)利用模拟和密度泛函理论计算等手段,深入研究超声对催化过程的动态影响,为超声辅助工艺的优化提供科学依据.综上,本文以“声-物理-化学”的跨学科视角,深入剖析了超声辅助过程中的反应本质,不仅加深对其反应机理的理解,而且为超声辅助技术的广泛应用提供了理论支撑和新的思路.

一种新型磁通反向横向磁场永磁直线电机

提出一种新型磁通反向横向磁场永磁直线电机,具有更加紧凑的结构;并且电机主要电磁性能均有提升。首先阐述该电机的基本结构和运行原理,其次推导其尺寸,然后通过maxwell有限元软件分析其电磁性能并与相同尺寸的传统磁通反向横向磁场永磁直线电机进行对比,发现其空载反电势幅值由2.8V提升到8.5V;空载磁链幅值由0.01Wb提升到0.028Wb;推力由64N增加到90N。通过解析法推导了其电磁推力;最后,研制了一台样机,测得样机的反电势与推力-电流曲线。理论分析与实验结果吻合,验证了所提新型磁通反向横向磁场永磁直线电机的合理性。