Superconductivity, Superfluidity and Zero-Point Oscillations

It is shown that both super phenomena-superconductivity and superfluidity are based on the same mechanism of streamline of zero-point oscillations. Proof of this is the agreement of obtained theoretical estimations with measured data.

Effect of Reactor Neutrinos on Beta-Decay

The pulsed nuclear reactor was used to measure the effect of neutrinos on the beta-decay of 90Sr/90Y nuclei. This measurement shows that some increase in the decay rate occurs in a few tens of milliseconds after reactor flashes.

The Magnetic Field of Earth and Other Celestial Bodies

Majority of models of terrestrial magnetism try to explain why the main magnetic field of the Earth near the poles is of the order of 1 Oe. Such statement of the basic problem of terrestrial magnetism models nowadays is unacceptable. Space flights and the development of astronomy show a remarkable and earlier unknown fact that magnetic moments of all planets of Solar system, as well as some their satellites and a number of stars are proportional to their angular momenta. Therefore, this geophysical problem turned into a special case of the more general problem of magnetism of cosmic bodies. This fact makes it necessary to reformulate the main task of the model of terrestrial magnetism and the Earth as a whole. It should explain, first, why the magnetic moment of the Earth, as well as of other space bodies, is proportional to its angular momentum and, second, why the proportionality coefficient is close to the ratio of world constants—to?G1/2/c. This fact requires a rethinking in the constructing of a model of the internal structure of the Earth and the reformulation of the main objectives of terrestrial magnetism, whereas it is necessary to explain why the ratio of the magnetic moment of the Earth to its torque, as well as for other celestial bodies, is close to the ratio of universal constants?G1/2/c. In the discussed theory it is shown that one can see that it is energetically favorable for hot stars to have its core consisting from dense electron-nuclear plasma with constant density and temperature. It is shown that as for the Earth it is energetically favorable to have its core consisting from dense electron-ion plasma. Importantly, all calculated parameters are in an agreement with measurement results.

Gilbert’s Postulate and Some Problematic Physical Theories of the Twentieth Century

William Gilbert more than 400 years ago formulated a postulate that can be considered as main principle of natural sciences. According to this postulate, the criterion for the correctness of a theory can only be its confirmation by measurement data. In our time, all theories are confirmed by at least some experimental data. But sometimes the theory cannot explain parameters which can be considered as main for objects under study. Usually such “inexplicable” objects and dependencies are called empirical and it is assumed that they do not require theoretical explanation at all. In most cases, this means the fallacy of the used theory. So nowadays postulate Gilbert needs to be reformulated: the correct theory should describe ALL basic properties of objects of research. A number of theories developed in the twentieth century do not satisfy this formulation. In almost all cases, the reason for this is a misinterpretation of nature of objects of study. In particular, in order to satisfy Gilbert’s refined postulate, it turns out necessary to revise the theoretical descriptions: 1) nature of superfluidity and superconductivity;2) nature of neutrinos;3) nature of neutron;4) nature of nuclear forces;5) model of quarks with fractional charge;6) internal structure of stars;7) nature of the Earth’s magnetic field;8) mechanism of thermomagnetic effect in metals.

Principles of Constructing a Correct Microscopic Theory

In our time, experimental physicists have obtained data on a very large number of phenomena and objects of the physical world. Very rarely there is a situation when theoretical physicists do not have enough experimental data to understand some known fundamental law of Nature. This situation arose almost a hundred years ago and sparked a discussion between A. Einstein and N. Bohr on the probabilistic nature of microcosm phenomena. From the time, it seemed that most physicists are inclined to believe that the proponents of a quantum explanation of the randomness of the phenomena of radioactive decay are right. Now this problem has been solved experimentally. The results of these measurements [1] show that A. Einstein and other proponents of determinism were right. In most cases, theoretical models are based on some already existing experimental data and are intended to explain them. At the same time, in the twentieth century, among microscopic, well-mathematically based models, there were several that raise doubts about their correctness, since they cannot explain a number of other experimental data that can be attributed to the fundamentally important properties of the studied objects [2] [3]. Therefore, the usual criterion for the correctness of the theory, which consists of its agreement with the measurement data, is ambiguous in this case. An additional criterion for the correctness of a microscopic theory can be formulated if it is assumed that the microscopic theory must be quantum one. The coefficients of quantum equations are world constants. Therefore, the solutions of these equations must be equalities made up of world constants only. For this reason, a correct microscopic model must rely on equalities consisting of world constants only. This criterion is shown to work successfully for models of superfluidity and superconductivity, for models of a number of particles, and models of the star interior.

About Nature of Nuclear Forces

A new approach to the problem of nuclear force nature is considered. It is shown that an attraction in the proton-neutron pair can occur due to the exchange of relativistic electron. The estimation of this exchange energy is in agreement with the experimental values of the binding energy of some light nuclei. At that, neutron is regarded as a composite corpuscule consisting of proton and relativistic electron that allows predicting the neutron magnetic moment, its mass and the energy of its decay.

Star Physics and Measurement Data

Astrophysics = the star physics was beginning its development without a supporting of measurement data, which could not be obtained then. Still astrophysics exists without this support, although now astronomers collected a lot of valuable information. This is the main difference of astrophysics from all other branches of physics, for which foundations are measurement data. The creation of the theory of stars, which is based on the astronomical measurements data, is one of the main goals of modern astrophysics. Below, the principal elements of star physics based on data of astronomical measurements are described. The theoretical description of a hot star interior is obtained. It explains the distribution of stars over their masses, mass-radius-temperature and mass-luminosity dependencies. All theoretical predictions are in a good agreement with the known measurement data, which confirms the validity of this consideration.

On the Nature of πand μMesons

Earlier it was shown [1], that neutrino is a specific magnetic γ-quantum, which as any γ-quantum carries away the reaction energy. This allows taking a fresh look at the chain of reactions pion±→muon± →e±, which is accompanied by the emission of three neutrinos, but in which no other particles are generated. Since the role of neutrinos is a throwing away the energy of the initial particles, it is easy to conclude that both pion and muon are excited states of electron. The introduction of an additional assumption about the possible mechanism of the excited state of an elementary particle allows us to estimate the mass of these excited states. The obtained estimates are in good agreement with the experimentally measured values of the pion and muon masses.

On Nature of Hyperons

The purpose of this article is to show that a neutron can have excited states. The well known characteristic feature of the Bohr atom is that its electron shell can exist in a stable ground state or in various excited states. These states differ by integer numbers of de Broglie waves filled in their electronic orbits. Considering neutron to be an analog of the Bohn atom [1] differing in relativistic nature of its electron, a question arises on a possibility for neutron to have similar excited states. The calculations of the properties of these states show that two hyperons Λ0 and ∑0 which are usually considered as elementary particles, are excited states of neutron.

Some Problems of Elementary Particles Physics and Gilbert’s Postulate

William Gilbert formulated over 400 years ago a postulate that can be considered as the main principle of modern natural sciences [1]: All theoretical constructs that claim to be scientific must be verified and confirmed experimentally. Despite of past centuries, this principle has not lost its relevance today. In the modern physics there are some conventional theories, which do not satisfy to Gilbert’s postulate [2]. In physics of microcosm there are models which cannot be compared with the measurement data as they do not allow to calculate the basic characteristic parameters (such as masses or magnetic moments) of elementary particles. In this article an alternative approach to these problems is considered. It is shown that an attraction in the proton-neutron pair can occur due to the exchange of relativistic electron. The estimation of this exchange energy is in agreement with the experimental values of the binding energy of some light nuclei. At that neutron is regarded as a composite corpuscule consisting of proton and relativistic electron that allows predicting the neutron magnetic moment, its mass and energy of its decay. It is shown that the standard Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetic field describes a possibility to initiate in free space (in empty ether) a magnetic ϒ-quantum (a splash of magnetic field), devoid of the electric component and having spin . Since magnetic monopoles do not exist, a characteristic feature of the magnetic ϒ-quantum is the weakness of its interaction with matter, which is many orders of magnitude smaller than that of the electromagnetic wave. These properties suggest that the magnetic ϒ-quantum can be identified with neutrinos. On this basis, we get a fresh look on the nature of π-me-sons and μ-mesons and calculate their masses.