Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. is known as a plant that has many special benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The present study was carried out to perform a phytochemicals study and evaluate the antim...Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. is known as a plant that has many special benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The present study was carried out to perform a phytochemicals study and evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. leaves. After phytochemicals screening, the content of phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidol and flavonoids in the extract of this plant was determined spectrophotometrically. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the micro-dilution technique on 96-well plates in liquid medium, combined with agar spreading. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the 1% carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes and sterols, phenols and flavonoids in the plant extract in varying proportions. The extract contained (0.049 ± 0.03 µg EAG/mg extract) total polyphenols, (0.215 ± 0.025 µg CE/mg extract) proanthocyanidins and (385.435 ± 0.0328 µg ER/mg ES) flavonoids. The hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of this plant inhibited the in vitro growth of the microbial strains studied to varying degrees. The MIC of the extract varied from 12.5 to 25 mg/mL and the BMC from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL. The plant did not show any activity on 1% carrageenan-induced rat paw edema.展开更多
This work consisted of assessing the toxicity of a recipe of three plants used in traditional Togolese medicine. Acute and sub-acute toxicity was assessed according to OECD chemical test guidelines n˚423 dated Decembe...This work consisted of assessing the toxicity of a recipe of three plants used in traditional Togolese medicine. Acute and sub-acute toxicity was assessed according to OECD chemical test guidelines n˚423 dated December 17, 2001 and n˚407 dated October 3, 2008 respectively. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. No significant toxicity was observed after 14 and 28 days, although a dose-dependent decrease in creatinemia was observed in male rats (the recipe to be used to moderate creatinine levels). Cytotoxicity was without effect on NCM 365 cells. The results obtained justify the use of the recipe in traditional medicine.展开更多
The use of plants in traditional medicine is an alternative solution to address the adverse effects of conventional anti-inflammatories. This study evaluated the phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and toxici...The use of plants in traditional medicine is an alternative solution to address the adverse effects of conventional anti-inflammatories. This study evaluated the phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and toxicity activities of the hydroethanolic extracts (HE) alone and the combination of Phyllanthus niruri Linn and Sida acuta Burm. Total phenolics were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, condensed tannin by the Butanol-HCl method, and flavonoid by the Aluminum chloride method. Gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to identify several compounds in the extracts. Anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic activity, respectively, were carried out using the paw edema method in rats and pain method induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid in the animal model. Acute, and subacute oral toxicity of extracts was conducted according to OECD n˚423 for the testing of chemicals and n˚407 for testing chemical products. Screening of S. acuta and P. niruri revealed that both of them contain alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenes and flavonoids, but P. niruri is richer in total phenols 14.69 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g;proanthocyanidins 4.42 ± 0.01 mg CE/g;and flavonoids 264.21 ± 3.64 mg RE/g. GC-MS analysis was presented for S. acuta 13 and P. niruri 19 compounds. The compounds most represented are levoglucosan (16.01%) and neophytadiene (10.48%) for S. acuta and 2-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl) methyl]-4-methoxy-4-oxobutanoicacid (24%), and (3R,4R)-3-(Benzo[d][1,3] dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(3,4 dimethoxybenzyl) dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (18.34%) for P. niruri. The concentration of 400 mg/kg recorded the best anti-inflammatory activity. The analgesic effect’s results showed that the hydroethanolic compound at a concentration of 800 mg/kg recorded the highest percentage inhibition (71.60% ± 5.32%) by the oral route. Toxicity results showed that the extracts alone and in combination also did not exhibit signs of toxicity. These results therefore validate the use of S. acuta and P. niruri in traditional medicine.展开更多
In Togo, despite the government’s efforts, food requirements in terms of animal proteins are not covered by national production and are subject to huge imports of meat products. However, the hygienic quality of these...In Togo, despite the government’s efforts, food requirements in terms of animal proteins are not covered by national production and are subject to huge imports of meat products. However, the hygienic quality of these imports is not guaranteed for the consumer. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of unhygienically unsatisfactory imported poultry and to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella spp. strains. A total of 285 samples of imported poultry, including 55 chicken thighs, 10 chicken backbones, 25 chicken wings, 5 whole chickens, 30 sausages, 35 chicken forequarters, 95 chicken drumsticks and 30 guinea fowl wings, were analyzed using standard AFNOR routine methods. The following germs were tested: Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (TAMF), Anaerobic-Sulfite-Reducing (ASR), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on Salmonella spp. strains isolated using the agar disk diffusion method (CA-SFM). Results showed 100% compliance for TAMF, coagulase-positive Staphylococci and Escherichia coli. On the other hand, 3.84% and 2.46% non-compliance were recorded for ASR and Salmonella respectively. Non-compliance with hygiene rules is generally thought to be the cause of meat contamination. Seven 7 strains of Salmonella were isolated, 5 of which were of the OMA serogroup, and the other two of the OMB and HMB groups. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed resistance to certain beta-lactam antibiotics and quinolones, in particular: cefalexin (28.57%), cefoxitin (14.28%), cefuroxime (28.57%), ceftazidime (28.57%), ceftriaxone (28.57%) and nalidixic acid (28.57%). This result may be explained by the uncontrolled use of B-lactam and quinolone antibiotics in poultry farming. As Salmonella spp. is a pathogenic enteric bacterium that causes food-borne illness in humans, resistance to third-generation cephalosporins remains a major public health problem.展开更多
文摘Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. is known as a plant that has many special benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The present study was carried out to perform a phytochemicals study and evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. leaves. After phytochemicals screening, the content of phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidol and flavonoids in the extract of this plant was determined spectrophotometrically. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the micro-dilution technique on 96-well plates in liquid medium, combined with agar spreading. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the 1% carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes and sterols, phenols and flavonoids in the plant extract in varying proportions. The extract contained (0.049 ± 0.03 µg EAG/mg extract) total polyphenols, (0.215 ± 0.025 µg CE/mg extract) proanthocyanidins and (385.435 ± 0.0328 µg ER/mg ES) flavonoids. The hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of this plant inhibited the in vitro growth of the microbial strains studied to varying degrees. The MIC of the extract varied from 12.5 to 25 mg/mL and the BMC from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL. The plant did not show any activity on 1% carrageenan-induced rat paw edema.
文摘This work consisted of assessing the toxicity of a recipe of three plants used in traditional Togolese medicine. Acute and sub-acute toxicity was assessed according to OECD chemical test guidelines n˚423 dated December 17, 2001 and n˚407 dated October 3, 2008 respectively. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. No significant toxicity was observed after 14 and 28 days, although a dose-dependent decrease in creatinemia was observed in male rats (the recipe to be used to moderate creatinine levels). Cytotoxicity was without effect on NCM 365 cells. The results obtained justify the use of the recipe in traditional medicine.
文摘The use of plants in traditional medicine is an alternative solution to address the adverse effects of conventional anti-inflammatories. This study evaluated the phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and toxicity activities of the hydroethanolic extracts (HE) alone and the combination of Phyllanthus niruri Linn and Sida acuta Burm. Total phenolics were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, condensed tannin by the Butanol-HCl method, and flavonoid by the Aluminum chloride method. Gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to identify several compounds in the extracts. Anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic activity, respectively, were carried out using the paw edema method in rats and pain method induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid in the animal model. Acute, and subacute oral toxicity of extracts was conducted according to OECD n˚423 for the testing of chemicals and n˚407 for testing chemical products. Screening of S. acuta and P. niruri revealed that both of them contain alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenes and flavonoids, but P. niruri is richer in total phenols 14.69 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g;proanthocyanidins 4.42 ± 0.01 mg CE/g;and flavonoids 264.21 ± 3.64 mg RE/g. GC-MS analysis was presented for S. acuta 13 and P. niruri 19 compounds. The compounds most represented are levoglucosan (16.01%) and neophytadiene (10.48%) for S. acuta and 2-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl) methyl]-4-methoxy-4-oxobutanoicacid (24%), and (3R,4R)-3-(Benzo[d][1,3] dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(3,4 dimethoxybenzyl) dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (18.34%) for P. niruri. The concentration of 400 mg/kg recorded the best anti-inflammatory activity. The analgesic effect’s results showed that the hydroethanolic compound at a concentration of 800 mg/kg recorded the highest percentage inhibition (71.60% ± 5.32%) by the oral route. Toxicity results showed that the extracts alone and in combination also did not exhibit signs of toxicity. These results therefore validate the use of S. acuta and P. niruri in traditional medicine.
文摘In Togo, despite the government’s efforts, food requirements in terms of animal proteins are not covered by national production and are subject to huge imports of meat products. However, the hygienic quality of these imports is not guaranteed for the consumer. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of unhygienically unsatisfactory imported poultry and to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella spp. strains. A total of 285 samples of imported poultry, including 55 chicken thighs, 10 chicken backbones, 25 chicken wings, 5 whole chickens, 30 sausages, 35 chicken forequarters, 95 chicken drumsticks and 30 guinea fowl wings, were analyzed using standard AFNOR routine methods. The following germs were tested: Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (TAMF), Anaerobic-Sulfite-Reducing (ASR), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on Salmonella spp. strains isolated using the agar disk diffusion method (CA-SFM). Results showed 100% compliance for TAMF, coagulase-positive Staphylococci and Escherichia coli. On the other hand, 3.84% and 2.46% non-compliance were recorded for ASR and Salmonella respectively. Non-compliance with hygiene rules is generally thought to be the cause of meat contamination. Seven 7 strains of Salmonella were isolated, 5 of which were of the OMA serogroup, and the other two of the OMB and HMB groups. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed resistance to certain beta-lactam antibiotics and quinolones, in particular: cefalexin (28.57%), cefoxitin (14.28%), cefuroxime (28.57%), ceftazidime (28.57%), ceftriaxone (28.57%) and nalidixic acid (28.57%). This result may be explained by the uncontrolled use of B-lactam and quinolone antibiotics in poultry farming. As Salmonella spp. is a pathogenic enteric bacterium that causes food-borne illness in humans, resistance to third-generation cephalosporins remains a major public health problem.
