Molecular investigation into the transformation of recalcitrant dissolved organic sulfur in refinery sour water during stripping process

Refinery sour water primarily originates from the tops of towers in various units and coker condensate,and cannot be discharged directly to a wastewater treatment plant due to high levels of chemical oxygen demand(COD)and organic sulfur contents.Even after the recovery of H_(2)S from the sour water by the stripping process,the effluent still contains a high concentration of dissolved organic sulfur(DOS),which can have a huge bad influence.While chemical composition of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in refinery wastewater has been extensively studied,the investigation of recalcitrant DOS from sour waters remains unclear.In the present study,chemical composition of sour water DOMs(especially DOS)was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy(excitation-emission matrix,EEM)and mass spectrometry,including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and high-resolution Orbitrap MS.The GC-MS and EEM results showed that volatile and low-aromaticity compounds were effectively removed during the stripping process,while compounds with high hydrophilicity and humification degree were found to be more recalcitrant.The Orbitrap MS results showed that weak-polar oxygenated sulfur compounds were easier to be removed than oxygenated compounds.However,the effluent still contained significant amounts of sulfur-containing compounds with multiple sulfur atoms,particularly in the form of highly unsaturated and aromatic compounds.The Orbitrap MS/MS results of CHOS-containing compounds from the effluent indicate that the sulfur atoms may exist as sulfonates,disulfide bonds,thioethers.Understanding the composition and structure of sour water DOS is crucial for the development of effective treatment processes that can target polysulfide compounds and minimize their impact on the environment.

An Evaluation of the Investment for Child Development in China

Objective This study estimated the investment in child development from three aspects-public health, public education, and family investment to establish the level of investment, to provide reference information for government decision making and to provide international comparisons. Methods Public investment in health was measured with macro data related to public health spending and child development in government expenditure. Public education investment was based on basic education data. Family investment evaluation was based on per capita family consumer spending data in different age groups to estimate the input for child development. Results Both public health investment level and the proportion of GDP rose for all age groups over time, but the overall investment level was still insufficient. Public investment in children＇s education has increased year by year, but the trends in all age groups are unbalanced with much lower investment in early childhood education. Private investment in children has increased over the period, but has declined as a percentage of GDP. International comparisons show that China＇s investment in child development is much lower than OECD countries. Conclusion The private investment in child development was the main way in China, with public finance contributing only a small proportion. Given the poor international comparisons, the government needs to review the balance of public investment to redirect more towards the development of children under the age of six to their health and education.

彩色多普勒超声联合CYFRA21-1、sTNFR-P55及HE4检测在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用

目的 分析彩色多普勒超声联合细胞角质蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体P55(sTNFR-P55)、人附睾分泌蛋白4(HE4)检测在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用。方法 选取2019年2月至2021年7月重庆市永川区中医院收治的116例乳腺癌患者(乳腺癌组),另选取同期收治的乳腺良性疾病105例作为良性组,对比两组患者CYFRA21-1、sTNFR-P55及HE4表达水平以及彩色多普勒超声征象差异,计算彩色多普勒超声联合CYFRA21-1、sTNFR-P55、HE4对乳腺癌的诊断价值。结果 乳腺癌组CYFRA21-1、sTNFR-P55及HE4表达水平均明显高于良性组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。乳腺癌组患者肿瘤形态不规则、边界不清晰、毛刺征、后方回声衰减、存在微小钙化、血流Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、纵横比为≥1所占比例明显高于良性组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。彩色多普勒超声联合CYFRA21-1、sTNFR-P55、HE4检测对乳腺癌诊断敏感度和特异度分别为0.817、0.857,AUC=0.858(95%CI:0.705~0.974),明显高于三者单独诊断(P<0.05)。结论 彩色多普勒超声联合CYFRA21-1、sTNFR-P55、HE4检可有效弥补单项检测的不足,对乳腺癌早期诊断有重要的临床使用价值,可为临床早期诊断提供更全面的参考信息。

Molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter in refinery wastewaters: Characterized by FT-ICR MS coupled with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization

Dissolved organic matter(DOM)in refinery wastewater is an extremely complex mixture of various organic compounds.Using mass spectrometry,it is impossible to characterize all of the DOM molecules with only one ionization source.In this study,negative-ion,electrospray ionization(ESI),positive-ion ESI,and positive-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization(APPI)were coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)to analyze the molecular composition of DOM in a refinery wastewater stream during the treatment process.There were obvious differences in the heteroatom composition,number of DOM constituents,and chemical properties in refinery wastewater under the three ionization modes.Acidic CHO and CHOS compounds detected by(+)ESI,basic CHN and CHON compounds detected by(þ)ESI,and hydrocarbons detected by(+)APPI were analyzed to determine the molecular transformations that occurred during treatment.In an anaerobic biological treatment process,acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a high oxygen content were preferentially removed,and acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a low oxygen content were produced.In an aerobic biological process,acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a low oxygen content were preferentially removed,and acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a high oxygen content were produced.The whole biological treatment process has a poor removal efficiency for CHN and CHON compounds,and hydrocarbons.An activated carbon(AC)adsorption process removed different heteroatom compounds mainly with a low oxygen content for acidic and basic compounds.The transformation mechanism of CHO and CHOS compounds in the biological treatment process was analyzed by the Kendrick mass defect(KMD)theory and a mass difference network analysis.In the anaerobic process,large amounts of oxygenated CHO and CHOS compounds were degraded by decarboxylation,deoxydation,demethoxylation,and dehydration reactions,and converted to lower oxygen content compounds.In the aerobic processes,these low oxygen CHO and CHOS compounds mainly underwent carboxylation and oxidation reactions.This study determined the transformation characteristics and mechanisms of different types of organic compounds in refinery wastewater during the treatment process.The results provide guidance for the design and optimization of technologies for refinery wastewater treatment.

Climatology of Shear Line and Related Rainstorm over the Southern Yangtze River Valley Based on an Improved Intelligent Identification Method

Based on four reanalysis datasets including CMA-RA,ERA5,ERA-Interim,and FNL,this paper proposes an improved intelligent method for shear line identification by introducing a second-order zonal-wind shear.Climatic characteristics of shear lines and related rainstorms over the Southern Yangtze River Valley(SYRV)during the summers(June-August)from 2008 to 2018 are then analyzed by using two types of unsupervised machine learning algorithm,namely the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding method(t-SNE)and the k-means clustering method.The results are as follows:(1)The reproducibility of the 850 hPa wind fields over the SYRV using China’s reanalysis product CMARA is superior to that of European and American products including ERA5,ERA-Interim,and FNL.(2)Theory and observations indicate that the introduction of a second-order zonal-wind shear criterion can effectively eliminate the continuous cyclonic curvature of the wind field and identify shear lines with significant discontinuities.(3)The occurrence frequency of shear lines appearing in the daytime and nighttime is almost equal,but the intensity and the accompanying rainstorm have a clear diurnal variation:they are significantly stronger during daytime than those at nighttime.(4)Half(47%)of the shear lines can cause short-duration rainstorms(≥20 mm(3h)^(-1)),and shear line rainstorms account for one-sixth(16%)of the total summer short-duration rainstorms.Rainstorms caused by shear lines are significantly stronger than that caused by other synoptic forcing.(5)Under the influence of stronger water vapor transport and barotropic instability,shear lines and related rainstorms in the north and middle of the SYRV are stronger than those in the south.

射干止咳胶囊体内外抗甲型H1N1流感病毒作用初探

目的初步探讨射干止咳胶囊对甲型H1N1流感病毒的体内外抗病毒作用。方法通过细胞病变效应(cytopathic effect,CPE)结合MTT法考察射干止咳胶囊体外抑制甲型H1N1流感病毒活性的作用;采用小鼠滴鼻法感染甲型H1N1流感病毒为模型,观察射干止咳胶囊对甲型H1N1流感病毒的体内抗病毒作用。结果体外抗病毒试验结果显示,射干止咳胶囊对甲型H1N1流感病毒的最高抑制率为11.86%,提示在攻毒剂量为100TCID_(50)的条件下,射干止咳胶囊在体外对甲型H1N1流感病毒的抑制作用不明显。小鼠滴鼻感染5LD_(50)的甲型H1N1流感病毒,射干止咳胶囊低、中、高剂量组小鼠的死亡率分别为30%、10%、30%,死亡保护率达50%、70%、50%,平均生存天数分别为13 d、14 d、13 d,说明各给药组对攻毒小鼠具有较好的死亡保护作用。结论射干止咳胶囊体外抗甲型H1N1流感病毒的作用不显著,但射干止咳胶囊各剂量组对甲型H1N1流感病毒攻毒致小鼠死亡却具有明显的保护作用。

甘蔗中吡唑醚菌酯残留量检测及膳食风险评估

研究甘蔗中吡唑醚菌酯残留检测方法,并对最终残留量进行长期膳食摄入和短期膳食摄入风险评估。样品中吡唑醚菌酯采用QuEChERS前处理方法进行提取,高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法检测;长期和短期膳食摄入评估采用膳食摄入风险评估模型进行。甘蔗中吡唑醚菌酯残留量为0.267~0.888 mg/kg。吡唑醚菌酯的普通人群国家估算每日摄入量是1.83 mg,占日允许摄入量的97%左右。甘蔗中吡唑醚菌酯在儿童和成人的国家估算短期摄入量占短期参考剂量(acute reference dose,ARfD)均<100%。按该试验的施药方式进行施药时,甘蔗中吡唑醚菌酯的残留量对一般人群健康风险在可接受的范围内。

河套灌区农业高效节水与面源污染防控技术

针对河套灌区水资源短缺、农业面源污染严重等问题,从不同空间尺度和治理环节入手开展灌区农业高效节水与面源污染源头防控技术研究。研发了针对污染源头的农田水肥盐药调控管理技术模式(包括除草剂残留研究与用量推荐、土壤水氮盐和作物生长对水肥管理的响应、减量膜上秋浇技术及次生盐渍化土壤微生物改良技术)、针对农田排水的富氧生态沟渠截污净化技术模式和区域尺度的面源污染空间解析识别技术,并集成构建了贯穿源头控污—过程削污—区域查污—系统调污的高效节水型农业面源污染防控技术体系。基于现状研究和新发展理念提出了河套灌区水土资源领域研究的几点认识,相关成果为河套灌区高质量发展提供了重要支撑,对同类型灌区具有重要借鉴意义。

Analysis of the Diurnal Pattern of Evaporative Fraction and Its Controlling Factors over Croplands in the Northern China

A key issue of applying remotely sensed data to estimate evapotranspiration （ET） for water management is extrapolating instantaneous latent heat flux （LE） at satellite over-passing time to daily ET total. At present, the most commonly used extrapolation methods have the same assumption that evaporative fraction （EF） can be treated as constant during daytime （so-called EF self-preservation）. However, large errors are reported by many documents over various ecosystems with the same approach, which indicates that further analysis of the diurnal pattern of EF is still necessary. The aim of this study is to examine the diurnal pattern of EF under fair weather conditions, then to analyze the dependencies of EF to meteorological and plant factors. Long-term flux observations at four sites over semi-arid and semi-humid climate regions in the northern China are used to analyze the EF diumal pattern. Results show that the EF self-preservation assumption no longer holds over growing seasons of crops. However, the ratio of reference ET to available energy is almost constant during the daytime, which implies the climate factors do not have much effect on the variability of EF. The analysis of diurnal pattern of air temperature, vapor pressure deficiency （VPD）, and relative humidity （RH） confirms the assumption that ET diurnal pattern is mainly influenced by stomatal regulation.

On the “Law and Literature” Campaign in the Chinese Context and Its Significance for the Construction of China's Legal System

"Law and literature " comes from an American radical law school of the1970 s,and it was then considered a campaign,thus the school became one of the most post-modernistic schools of thought. Due to its western theoretic background,it is necessary to interpret its context; in other words,the "Law and literature"problems shall be interpreted in the Chinese context,which can also provide much inspiration and reference for the construction of China's legal system.

肺肠同治理论下宣白承气汤结合肠内营养支持在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期治疗中的应用价值

【目的】探析肺肠同治理论指导下宣白承气汤结合肠内营养支持在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)治疗中的应用价值。【方法】将92例AECOPD肺热腑实型患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各46例。2组患者均给予常规对症治疗,在此基础上,对照组给予肠内营养支持干预,观察组给予宣白承气汤结合肠内营养支持干预,疗程为2周。观察2组患者治疗前后血清白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、前白蛋白(prealbumin,PA)、转铁蛋白(transferrin,TF)等营养指标及肠道菌群分布的变化情况,并比较2组患者的临床疗效及不良反应发生率。【结果】(1)疗效方面,治疗2周后,观察组的总有效率为97.83%(45/46),对照组为82.61%(38/46),组间比较(χ^(2)检验),观察组的疗效明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)营养指标方面,治疗后,2组患者的血清ALB、PA、TF水平均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组对血清ALB、PA、TF水平的升高幅度均明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)肠道菌群分布方面,治疗后,2组患者的乳杆菌、双歧杆菌菌种数量均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),肠球菌菌种数量均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组对肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌菌种数量的升高幅度及对肠球菌菌种数量的降低幅度均明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(4)不良反应方面,观察组的不良反应发生率为4.35%(2/46),明显低于对照组的19.57%(9/46),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】肺肠同治理论指导下宣白承气汤结合肠内营养支持应用于AECOPD肺热腑实型患者临床效果显著,可有效改善患者营养状态及肠道菌群失衡,降低不良反应发生风险。

线上线下教学模式在中医药营养学概论教学中的探索与思考

随着当今社会信息技术的飞速发展,线上线下混合式教学模式在高校教学中已得到广泛应用,成为一种教学改革的趋势,多数高等院校都在积极探索。同时也是提高教学效率、提升教学效果的重要模式。作者以辽宁中医药大学校内《中医药营养学概论》专业限选课程为例,将线上与线下相结合的教学模式应用于其中,教学内容做到与时俱进,提升课程趣味性,教学方法做到多样化、实用化,参与跨校选修,调动学生的学习积极性,提升学生的自主学习能力,促进教学相长,提高教学质量。并对教学效果进行了调查,总结经验,对存在的问题进行思考,为优化教学方案和教学效果做出基础,实现将其从传统公共选修课程有效升级为专业限选课程,为其他中医药课程混合式教学的开展提供思路和方法,并为教育教学改革提供一定的参考。

Practical security analysis of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with an unbalanced heterodyne detector

When developing a practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD),the detector is necessary at the receiver's side.We investigate the practical security of the CVQKD system with an unbalanced heterodyne detector.The results show that unbalanced heterodyne detector introduces extra excess noise into the system and decreases the lower bound of the secret key rate without awareness of the legitimate communicators,which leaves loopholes for Eve to attack the system.In addition,we find that the secret key rate decreases more severely with the increase in the degree of imbalance and the excess noise induced by the imbalance is proportional to the intensity of the local oscillator(LO)under the same degree of imbalance.Finally,a countermeasure is proposed to resist these kinds of effects.

关于数字化背景下的医学院校实验室建设的探讨

在数字化、信息化的大背景下,医学实验室的建设正不断进步,发挥着越来越重要的作用。实验技术人员的综合素质提升,直接影响实验教学的质量。文章从多个角度阐述了在数字化背景下,医学实验室的不可替代性,明确了教学与科研水平的持续提升与实验室建设、实验人才的密切关系。文章提出了提升实验技术人员综合素质的关键点和策略,并详细说明了实现信息技术与课程深度融合的重要性。结合当前形势,本研究指出,数字化、信息化不仅推动了医学实验室的标准化、科学化,还聚集了优质的数字教育资源,提升了高等教育的水平和能力。因此,教学实践必须与时代发展相适应,这对促进医学实验室的创新发展、提高实验教学水平具有重要的指导意义。

基于随机占优准则的医疗服务质量提升研究

我国医疗服务一直存在供给不平衡不充分的问题,如何掌握居民的多样化医疗服务需求、以利用有限资源较大幅度地提升医疗服务供给满意度成为发展新阶段的重要课题。依据边际效用递减规律:有限资源投入最紧迫的用途获得效用最大,提出一种基于随机占优准则的医疗服务质量评价研究方法:首先,编写网络爬虫程序获取居民发布的对医疗服务供给质量进行评价的文本,使用数据挖掘模型从文本中提取出居民多样的医疗服务需求;其次,构建医疗服务领域的情感词典,使用情感分析技术计算居民对医疗服务供给质量的情感倾向;最后,利用随机占优准则构建医疗服务随机占优程度矩阵,比较得出医疗服务优化方面的优先排序,为改进医疗服务供给质量提供指导。利用好大夫在线平台的数据,验证所提出的方法的可行性和有效性,结果表明,所提方法能够挖掘出影响居民满意度的医疗服务质量因素,并能为我国医疗服务质量的提升做出决策指导。在后续分析中发现,诊疗效果是居民最在意的医疗服务要素,作为案例的四家医院中有三家医院都需要在这方面做出改进,而另一家医院则更需要在与患者的沟通技巧和能力上做出优化。文章所提方法具有较强实用性和可迁移性,为提升我国医疗服务质量提供了参考和支撑。

Physical-chemical and biological control of the zooplankton community in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

Zooplankton are critical components of the Southern Ocean ecosystems,acting as trophic links between phytoplankton and higher-level species.The composition,abundance,carbon biomass,and community structure of zooplankton were studied based on samples collected with a Norpac net(330-μm mesh,0.5-m^(2) net mouth)during the austral summers of 2017/2018.Three communities in a latitudinal gradient were identified based on both a zooplankton abundance dataset and a biomass dataset.Zooplankton were mainly dominated by small copepods(e.g.,Oithona similis and Ctenocalanus citer)in terms of abundance,while the total zooplankton biomass was dominated by krill(Euphausia superba and Thysanoessa macrura)and large copepods(e.g.,Calanoides acutus,Calanus propinquus,and Metridia gerlachei).Redundancy analysis demonstrated that environmental factors(e.g.,temperature,nitrate,dissolved oxygen,ammonium)accounted for more than 40%of the variance in zooplankton abundance/biomass.This indicates that physical processes significantly affect the zooplankton community.Meanwhile,a significant positive correlation was found between the abundance/biomass of zooplankton and that of dominant phytoplankton and ciliates,which suggests trophic links among various plankton functional groups.Our results reveal that both physical processes and biological factors shape the community structure of zooplankton in the Amundsen Sea.

Degradation of multiphoton signal and resolution when focusing through a planar interface with index mismatch:Analytical approximation and numerical investigation

Multiphoton microscopy(MPM)is an invaluable tool for visualizing subelllar structures in biomedical and life sdences.High-numerical-aperture(NA)immersion objective lenses are used to deliver excitation light to focus inside the biological tissue.The refractive index of tissue is commonly different from that of the immersion medium,which introduces spherical aberration,leading to signal and resolution degradation as imaging depth increases.However,the explicit dependence of this index mismatch induced aberration on the involved physical parameters is not dlear,espeially its dependence on index mismatch.Here,from the vectorial equations for fo-cusing through a planar interface bet ween materials of mismatched refractive indices,we derive an approximate analytical expression for the spherical aberration.The analytical expression explicitly reveals the dependence of spherical aberration on index mismatch,imaging depth and excitation wavelength,from which we can expect the following qualitative behaviors:(1)Mul-tiphoton sigmal and resolution degradation is less for longer excitation wavelength,(2)a longer wavelength tolerates a higher index mismatch,(3)a longer wavelength tolerates a larger imaging depth and(4)both signal and resohution degradations show the same dependence om imaging depth,regardless of NA or immersion on the condition that the integration angle is the same.Detailed numerical simulation results agree quite well with the above expectations based on the analytical approximation.These theoretical results suggest the use of long excitation wavelength to better suppress index mismatch.induced sigmal and resolution degradation in deep-tssue MPM.

Density Functional Theory Study on the First Hyperpolarizabilities of Mono-and Bimetal Ir(Ⅰ)/Rh(Ⅰ)2,2'-Bidipyrrins Complexes

Metal complexes with excellent nonlinear optical（NLO） properties have attracted considerable attention. The geometry structure, electronic spectra and NLO properties of 2,2？-bidipyrrins（L） and mono-and bimetal Ir（I）/Rh（I）–L complexes have been investigated by density functional theory method. Our calculations revealed that L with planar configuration shows the largest first hyperpolarizability value, which is 2.2 to 5.5 times larger than that of others. It is attributed to the single direction of intramolecular charge transfer. When metal ions were embedded in ligands, the first hyperpolarizability values of mono-and bimetal Ir/Rh（I）–L complexes were smaller than that of L, and that of bimetal Ir/Rh（I）–L complexes were smaller than the corresponding monometallic Ir/Rh（I）–L. This is caused by the intramolecular charge transfer from multiple directions as well as the amount of charge transfer. On the other hand, on increasing the number of metal ions, the charge transfer in the opposite direction cancels each other more obviously. Our work would provide some theoretical reference for the second-order NLO responses of mono-and bimetal complexes.

城乡老年人居家养老服务购买意愿及其影响因素分解

居家养老服务需求与老年人消费行为间存在着行动转化问题。基于2020年中国老年社会追踪调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归及夏普利值分解法,探究我国城乡老年人居家养老服务购买意愿及其影响因素。结果表明:城市老年人比农村老年人更愿意购买居家养老服务;低龄、高学历、个体需求强烈、资源条件丰富与具有多元养老责任认知的城乡老年人更有可能购买服务;社区资源是影响老年人服务购买意愿的最关键因素;老年人购买生活照料类服务的意愿最高,购买辅助就医类服务的意愿次之,购买信息咨询类服务的意愿最低。为进一步提振我国城乡老年人居家养老服务购买意愿,建议扩大居家养老服务资源的供给范围,推动社区嵌入式养老服务设施建设;改善老年群体的社会保障待遇水平,提高老年人居家养老服务购买能力;根据老年人差异化的养老服务需求,优化居家养老服务项目的供给结构。

代谢组学结合LASSO回归机器学习方法识别太谷山药和铁棍山药中的差异标志物

本研究旨在利用代谢组学筛选出太古山药和铁棍山药之间的差异代谢物,并通过LASSO回归机器学习方法确定作为预测不同山药品种的差异标志物。研究采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱(ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)分析两种山药中的代谢物,通过主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)识别出两种山药中的差异代谢物,利用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)回归方法筛选出差异性标志物,建立用于品种鉴别的预测模型。结果显示,在两种山药中共鉴别出206种代谢物,PCA分析发现太谷山药和铁棍山药之间区分明显,OPLS-DA进一步筛选出56种存在显著性差异的代谢物。基于这些差异代谢物进行LASSO回归分析,得到ophiogenin 3-O-beta-L-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside、天冬氨酸、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、夏佛塔苷以及没食子儿茶素5种关键差异标志物,建立了用于太谷山药和铁棍山药品种鉴别的LASSO回归预测模型。本研究基于代谢组学和LASSO回归机器学习方法,识别出太谷山药和铁棍山药的差异标志物,构建了不同品种山药的预测模型,为山药的鉴别提供了新的思路。