超声冲击对Q355B钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响

为研究超声冲击处理对Q355B钢焊接接头的影响,通过组织观察、残余应力测试、显微硬度测试和耐磨性测试,分析超声冲击对焊接接头残余应力、耐磨性的改善。结果表明:超声冲击可细化材料近表面晶粒,使焊接接头表面残余应力由拉应力转变为压应力,且对横向残余应力的调控更有效,应力降幅为339 MPa;超声冲击也能够提高材料表面硬度,与原试样相比,冲击后硬度提高了38HV;与原试样比较,100℃下超声冲击试样的摩擦因数降低了0.15,磨损率降低了14%,磨损机理从单一的磨粒作用转变为包含磨粒、粘着两种因素的复合作用。超声冲击后表面出现塑性变形,表面晶粒细化,引入了残余压应力,同时形成了硬化层,使焊接接头在100℃下的耐磨性提升。

Review on Stress Corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue Failure of Centrifugal Compressor Impeller

Corrosion failure,especially stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue,is the main cause of centrifugal compressor impeller failure.And it is concealed and destructive.This paper summarizes the main theories of stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue and its latest developments,and it also points out that existing stress corrosion cracking theories can be reduced to the anodic dissolution（AD）,the hydrogen-induced cracking（HIC）,and the combined AD and HIC mechanisms.The corrosion behavior and the mechanism of corrosion fatigue in the crack propagation stage are similar to stress corrosion cracking.The effects of stress ratio,loading frequency,and corrosive medium on the corrosion fatigue crack propagation rate are analyzed and summarized.The corrosion behavior and the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue in corrosive environments,which contain sulfide,chlorides,and carbonate,are analyzed.The working environments of the centrifugal compressor impeller show the behavior and the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue in different corrosive environments.The current research methods for centrifugal compressor impeller corrosion failure are analyzed.Physical analysis,numerical simulation,and the fluid-structure interaction method play an increasingly important role in the research on impeller deformation and stress distribution caused by the joint action of aerodynamic load and centrifugal load.

Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of 310S Stainless Steel in Chloride Solution

310S is an austenitic stainless steel for high temperature applications, having strong resistance of oxidation, hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion. Stress corrosion cracking（SCC） is the main corrosion failure mode for 310S stainless steel. Past researched about SCC of 310S primarily focus on the corrosion mechanism and influence of temperature and corrosive media, but few studies concern the combined influence of temperature, pressure and chloride. on SCC of 310S stainless steel, prepared samples are investigated via For a better understanding of temperature and pressure＇s effects slow strain rate tensile test（SSRT） in different temperature and pressure in NACE A solution. The result shows that the SCC sensibility indexes of 310S stainless steel increase with the rise of temperature and reach maximum at 10MPa and 160~C, increasing by 22.3% compared with that at 10 MPa and 80 ℃. Instead, the sensibility decreases with the pressure up. Besides, the fractures begin to transform from the ductile fracture to the brittle fracture with the increase of temperature. 310S stainless steel has an obvious tendency of stress corrosion at 10MPa and 160℃ and the fracture surface exists cleavage steps, river patterns and some local secondary cracks, having obvious brittle fracture characteristics. The SCC cracks initiate from inclusions and tiny pits in the matrix and propagate into the matrix along the cross section gradually until rupture. In particular, the oxygen and chloride play an important role on the SCC of 310S stainless steel in NACE A solution. The chloride damages passivating film, causing pitting corrosion, concentrating in the cracks and accelerated SSC ultimately. The research reveals the combined influence of temperature, pressure and chloride on the SCC of 310S, which can be a guide to the application of 310S stainless steel in super-heater tube.

海水淡化反渗透浓差极化数值研究

为研究海水淡化反渗透中的浓差极化问题,本文构建了新的反渗透LBM模型,能更方便地解决扩散系数较小时的计算不稳定,并与已有文献数据进行对比,验证了模型的准确性。基于该模型,本文进一步模拟分析了不同雷诺数及不同跨膜压差下的反渗透浓差极化现象。结果表明:增加雷诺数可以减小浓差极化现象,增加膜的渗透通量;而增加跨膜压差不仅增加浓差极化,也增加了渗透通量,同时也极大的增加了能耗,最终导致海水淡化的成本激增。因此,在实际应用中,需要综合考虑雷诺数及跨膜压差的大小,设置合理参数以实现海水淡化设备低成本高效率运行。