专业认证背景下外科学临床实践教学体系的应用效果评价

目的:评价专业认证背景下外科学临床实践教学体系的应用效果。方法:对2016年在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院肝胆外科实习的50名同学采取传统教学法(对照组);2017年实习的50名同学以专业认证为标准,建设外科临床实践教学团队,多种教学法相结合的教学模式(观察组)。实习结束后使用同一试卷对2组实习生同时进行理论考核,同时使用相同的调查问卷对学生的自主学习能力进行调查,对考核及调查结果进行比较分析。结果:观察组的理论成绩高于对照组(P<0.01),自主学习能力评价高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:以专业认证为标准,建设外科临床实践教学团队,修订外科实习大纲,加强外科临床实践教学能力建设,建设外科临床实习医学生考核方案,可以提高外科学临床实践教学效果。

肝门区域性血流阻断在肝肿瘤切除手术中的应用

目的:探讨肝门区域性血流阻断在肝肿瘤切除术中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析因肝肿瘤行肝切除术54例病人的临床资料,根据术中肝脏血流阻断技术不同,将54例因肝肿瘤行肝切除术病人分为2组,A组24例病人接受肝门区域性血流阻断术治疗,B组30例病人接受Pringle肝门血流阻断术治疗。结果:2组病人手术时间、术中出血量、肝门血流阻断时间和术后24 h腹腔引流量差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05～P <0. 01)。术后第3、7天,A组丙氨酸氨基转移酶、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆红素和C反应蛋白水平均低于B组(P <0. 05～P <0. 01)。2组并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。2组均无围手术期死亡病例。结论:肝门区域性血流阻断技术可明显减少肝肿瘤切除术中的出血量,有效减轻肝功能损害及肝缺血-再灌注损伤,是肝肿瘤切除术中较为合理的控制肝脏出血的方法。

Effects of nitrogen level on yield and quality of japonica soft super rice

Although studies on the balance between yield and quality of japonica soft super rice are limited, they are crucial for super rice cultivation. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate on grain yield and rice quality, two japonica soft super rice varieties, Nanjing 9108 （NJ 9108） and Nanjing 5055 （NJ 5055）, were used under seven N levels with the application rates of 0, 150, 187.5,225, 262.5, 300, and 337.5 kg ha^-1. With the increasing nitrogen application level, grain yield of both varieties first increased and then decreased. The highest yield was obtained at 300 kg ha^-1. The milling quality and protein content increased, while the appearance quality, amylose content, gel consistency, cooking/eating quality, and rice flour viscosity decreased. Milling was significantly negatively related with the eating/cooking quality whereas the appearance was significantly positively related with cooking/eating quality. These results suggest that nitrogen level significantly affects the yield and rice quality of japonica soft super rice. We conclude that the suitable nitrogen application rate for japonica soft super rice, NJ 9108 and NJ 5055, is 270 kg ha^-1, under which they obtain high yield as well as superior eating/cooking quality.

Effects of slow or controlled release fertilizer types and fertilization modes on yield and quality of rice

There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer（S/CRF） on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three different S/CRFs（polymer-coated urea（PCU）, sulfur-coated urea（SCU）, and urea formaldehyde（UF）） and two fertilization modes（both S/CRF and common urea（CU） as basal fertilizer, S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer） on rice yield and quality. CU only was applied separately as control（CK）. Results showed that, rice grain yield, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, overall chalkiness, and the content of gliadin, glutenin, and protein, all showed the trends of UF〉PCU〉SCU within the same fertilization mode, and showed the trends of S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer〉both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer within the same type of S/CRF. In contrast, the contents of amylose, amylopectin, and starch, as well as taste value, and peak and hot viscosity showed trends of SCU〉PCU〉UF, and the trends of both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer〉S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer. Among S/CRF treatments and fertilization modes, taste values of cooked rice were positively correlated with amylose, amylopectin, and starch contents, as well as gel consistency, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and cool viscosity, while negatively correlated with globulin, gliadin, glutenin, and protein contents. The types of S/CRF and fertilization modes are important for improving rice yield and quality. Compared to CK, higher yield and similar quality of rice was achieved with UF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer, and similar yield with improved appearance and eating and cooking quality of rice was achieved with either both UF and CU as basal fertilizer, or PCU as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer.

Combined effect of shading time and nitrogen level on grain filling and grain quality in japonica super rice

There is limited information about the combined effect of shading time and nitrogen （N） on grain filling and quality of rice. Therefore, two japonica super rice cultivars, Nanjing 44 and Ningjing 3, were used to study the effect of shading time and N level on the characteristics of rice panicle and grain filling as well as the corresponding yield and quality. At a low N level （150 kg N ha^-1, 150N）, grain yield decreased （by 21.07-26.07%） under the treatment of 20 days of shading before heading （BH） compared with the no shading （NS） treatment. These decreases occurred because of shortened panicle length, decreased number of primary and secondary branches, as well as the grain number and weight per panicle. At 150N, in the treatment of 20 days of shading after heading （AH）, grain yield also decreased （by 9.46-10.60%） due to the lower grain weight per panicle. The interaction of shading and N level had a significant effect on the number of primary and secondary branches. A high level of N （300 kg N ha^-1, 300N） could offset the negative effect of shading on the number of secondary branches and grain weight per panicle, and consequently increased the grain yield in both shading treatments. In superior grains, compared with 150N NS, the time to reach 99% of the grain weight （T99） was shortened by 1.6 to 1.7 days, and the grain weight was decreased by 4.18-5.91% in 150N BH. In 150N AH, the grain weight was 13.39-13.92% lower than that in 150N NS due to the slow mean and the maximum grain-filling rate （GRmean and GRmax）. In inferior grains, grain weight and GRmean had a tendency of 150N NS〉150N BH〉150N AH. Under shaded conditions, 300N decreased the grain weight due to lower GReen both in superior and inferior grains. Compared with 150N NS, the milling and appearance qualities as well as eating and cooking quality were all decreased in 150N BH and 150N AH. Shading with the high level of 300N improved the milling quality and decreased the number of chalky rice kernels, but the eating and cooking quality was reduced with increased chalky area and overall chalkiness. Therefore, in the case of short term shading, appropriate N fertilizer could be used to improve the yield and milling quality of rice, but limited application of N fertilizer is recommended to achieve good eating and cooking quality of rice.

外源钼对水稻产量形成及氮素利用的影响

为探明纳米钼和离子钼对水稻产量形成和氮素利用的影响,以南粳9108为试验对象,采用盆栽试验研究了纳米钼和离子钼在0、180、225、270和315 kg N hm^(-2)条件下对水稻的产量、产量构成、干物质积累及氮素积累利用的影响。研究结果表明,纳米钼和离子钼的施用均能有效提高水稻产量。相同氮肥施用水平下,施用纳米钼处理的水稻产量均显著高于施用离子钼处理。水稻生育后期叶面积指数和干物质的积累量显著高于施用离子钼处理。施用纳米钼能够改善水稻生育后期干物质形成,提高抽穗后剑叶SPAD值、光合势和净光合速率,有效促进了水稻生育后期干物质的合成及在籽粒中的积累,最终实现促进水稻增产的目的。相同氮肥施用水平下,离子钼和纳米钼的施用均提高了水稻各器官的氮浓度和氮积累量,并促进了氮肥偏生产力、氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率和氮素吸收利用率的提高。

Comparison of agronomic performance between inter-sub-specific hybrid and inbred japonica rice under different mechanical transplanting methods

Mechanical transplanting has been applied to rice cultivation to save labor costs and ease labor shortages in Asian countries, especially in China. However, little information is available related to the characteristics of agronomic performance when comparing inter-sub-specific hybrid rice(IHR) and inbred japonica rice(IJR) under mechanical transplanting method. In 2013 and 2014, field experiments were conducted using IHR(Yongyou 2640) and IJR(Wuyunjing 24) under two cultivation patterns, that is, pot seedlings mechanically transplanted(PS) and carpet seedlings mechanically transplanted(CS). Grain yield, yield components, leaf area index(LAI), leaf area duration(LAD), aboveground biomass, crop growth rate(CGR), nitrogen(N) uptake, and N accumulation were investigated. When compared with CS, PS displayed significantly increased grain yield for both varieties because the larger sink size allowed higher N accumulation from panicle initiation to maturity. Moreover, total aboveground biomass under PS increased significantly compared with that under CS; that is, higher photosynthetic productivity resulted from a greater LAI and higher LAD during the grain filling stage. Higher N absorption capacity in the middle and late growth periods resulted in significantly enhanced total N uptake under PS. When compared with IJR for both treatments, IHR generated 75.2% more grain yield. However, the characteristics creating high yield of IHR were different from those of IJR. Greater aboveground biomass production as well as higher N uptake and accumulation created higher grain yield in IHR than in IJR. These results suggest higher yield could be achieved using PS with IHR, attributing to exploit both yield superiority and productive potential.

3D打印联合PBL教学在骨科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的探讨3D打印技术联合PBL教学模式在骨科住院医师规范化培训教学中的应用价值。方法选择2019年1月-2020年1月期间曾在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院骨科规培基地参与规培的46名住院医师为研究对象,采用随机数字法分为2组,每组23名,观察组:接受3D打印技术联合PBL教学模式,对照组仅接受PBL教学模式,2组均由同一组优秀教学经验的老师带教,规培结束后仍由同一组带教老师对2组医师骨科前沿知识、理论知识、病例分析、专业技能进行客观考核,2组医师以不记名形式对其教学模式的学习兴趣、理解能力、内容掌握、理论联系实际、团队协作、满意度进行评价。结果 2组学生得分在前沿知识(91.74±3.10)分vs.(75.78±3.19)分、理论知识(85.65±3.13)分vs.(81.09±1.90)分、病例分析(88.30±3.28)分vs.(75.09±3.18)分、专业技能(85.52±5.47)分vs.(77.96±4.70)分成绩方面,观察组考核成绩明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在学习兴趣、理解能力、内容掌握、理论联系实际、团队协作、满意度比较中,观察组指标明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 3D打印技术与PBL教学模式有机结合,能够充分激发规培医师自主学习及发现问题的能力。