加温饲养和定时饲喂对断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态和肠道发育的影响

试验旨在探索对仔猪床进行加温处理以及采用定时饲喂的方式的对早期断奶仔猪不同肠段黏膜形态和肠道发育的影响,从而为确定断奶仔猪适宜的饲养温度和科学的饲喂方式提供理论依据。试验采用2×2因子设计。选用21日龄杜长大断奶仔猪240头,随机分到4个处理组:1):28~30℃的仔猪床加温处理组;2)23~25℃的低温对照组(炉火暖气管道舍内加热);加温处理组和低温对照组中又根据不同的饲喂模式分为每天6次定时饲喂组和自由采食组。每个处理6个重复,每个重复10头猪。经过14 d的试验之后,在每圈仔猪中随机抽取1头,屠宰后取样检测小肠黏膜的绒毛高度、隐窝深度和肠壁厚度。结果表明:加温饲养组(28~30℃)的仔猪空肠中段的绒毛高度显著高于低温对照组(23~25℃)(P<0.05)。加温饲养组十二指肠的隐窝深度和空肠中段的肠壁厚度显著低于低温对照组(P<0.05)。定时饲喂饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度显著高于自由采食饲养的仔猪(P<0.05)。定时饲喂组仔猪空肠中段的肠壁厚度和十二指肠隐窝深度显著低于自由采食组(P<0.05)。2因子的互作效应表明:加温定时饲喂组饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度显著高于其他处理组。低温自由采食组饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度极显著低于其他处理组(P<0.01)。加温定时饲喂组的仔猪空肠中段的肠壁厚度极显著低于其他处理组(P<0.01)。由结果可知,28~30℃的加温饲养组以及定时饲喂的饲喂模式有利于仔猪的肠道黏膜形态的改善,有益于肠道的发育和健康。

区域化管理模式下的护理质量控制与实践

目的:探讨区域化管理模式在护理质量管理中的应用,评估区域化管理的现状,构建区域化管理模式下的管理框架,建立促进区域管理持续改进的管理体系。方法:创新质量管理方法,加强团队建设,构建朝阳区护理质量控制与改进中心、分析区域管理的特点和结构特点、制定管理检查及评价标准并实施。结论:将区域化管理模式应用于护理质量管理中能客观评价护理管理实施效果。

Determination of Tramadol in Human Serum by Capillary Electrophoresis with the End-Column Electrochemiluminescence Detection

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with end-column electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection method for the analysis of tramadol (TMD) has been investigated. ECL detection was working electrode biased at 1.2 V in a 20mmol·L-1 sodium phosphate buffer (pH = 8.0) containing 5 mmol·L-1 Ru (where bpy = 2,2’-bipyridyl). Linear correlation (r ≥ 0.997) between ECL intensity and drug concentration was obtained in the range 3 × 10-4 - 6 × 10-6 mol·L-1. The limits of detection (LODs) for tramadol in water was 3.012 × 10-8 mol·L-1(S/N = 3). The relative standard deviation values on peak size (10-5 mol·L-1 level) and migration time for the tramadol were 4.58% and 1.39% (n = 10), respectively. Applicability of the CE-ECL method to the analysis of human serum spiked with tramadol was

高邻位热固性酚醛基纳米活性炭纤维膜的制备及吸附性能

以合成的高邻位热塑性酚醛为模板,通过与甲醛的加成反应制备了高邻位热固性酚醛树脂,经溶液静电纺丝、盐酸溶液固化获得了纳米酚醛纤维,最终利用KOH活化获得了高邻位热固性酚醛基纳米活性炭纤维。利用红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析和扫描电镜分析了制备物的结构、性能变化,并观察了纳米纤维的表面形貌;通过比表面积和亚甲基蓝(MB)/碘吸附分析了纳米活性炭纤维的孔结构和吸附性能,获得了比表面2606 m^(2)/g、MB吸附量1643.0 mg/g、碘吸附量2731.1 mg/g的高邻位热固性酚醛基纳米活性炭纤维,实现了低污染、高活性纳米炭纤维的制备。

Design optimization of a silicon-germanium heterojunction negative capacitance gate-all-around tunneling field effect transistor based on a simulation study

The steep sub-threshold swing of a tunneling field-effect transistor(TFET)makes it one of the best candidates for lowpower nanometer devices.However,the low driving capability of TFETs prevents their application in integrated circuits.In this study,an innovative gate-all-around(GAA)TFET,which represents a negative capacitance GAA gate-to-source overlap TFET(NCGAA-SOL-TFET),is proposed to increase the driving current.The proposed NCGAA-SOL-TFET is developed based on technology computer-aided design(TCAD)simulations.The proposed structure can solve the problem of the insufficient driving capability of conventional TFETs and is suitable for sub-3-nm nodes.In addition,due to the negative capacitance effect,the surface potential of the channel can be amplified,thus enhancing the driving current.The gateto-source overlap(SOL)technique is used for the first time in an NCGAA-TFET to increase the band-to-band tunneling rate and tunneling area at the silicon-germanium heterojunction.By optimizing the design of the proposed structure via adjusting the SOL length and the ferroelectric layer thickness,a sufficiently large on-state current of 17.20μA can be achieved and the threshold voltage can be reduced to 0.31 V with a sub-threshold swing of 44.98 mV/decade.Finally,the proposed NCGAA-SOL-TFET can overcome the Boltzmann limit-related problem,achieving a driving current that is comparable to that of the traditional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor devices.

A Framework for a Subwatershed-Scale Screening Tool to Support Development of Resiliency Solutions and Flood Protection Priority Areas in a Low-Lying Coastal Community

Flood risk analysis is the instrument for local officials to create a sound strategy and adaptation plans for the impacts of inundation due to heavy rains, climate change and sea level rise. Hence, cities with aging infrastructure are retrofitting their stormwater management systems to mitigate the impacts. However determining the most at risk areas and the options for corrections is more challenging. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop a screening tool to analyze watersheds and identify the most at-risk areas. High-quality, open source data and sophisticated spatial analysis techniques allow engineers to create innovative ways to conduct watershed wide inundation analysis. In this study, the investigators developed a screening tool to identify at-risk properties by combining readily available data on topography, groundwater, surface water, tidal information for coastal communities, soils, open space, and rainfall data. Once the screening tool is developed, the means to identify and prioritize improvements to be funded with scarce capital funds is the next step. A tool box of solutions was developed to address flood risk and vulnerability. Testing of the screening tool was conducted in Broward County, Florida and shows encouraging results. Comparison with FEMA Flood maps and repetitive loss mapping indicates that the process works in a coastal community. The framework appears to be viable across cities that may be inundated with water due to sea-level rise, rainfall, runoff upstream, and other natural events.

The Influence of Land Use and Fish Farming on the Contents of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺and Na⁺in Pond and Reservoir Ecosystems in an Agricultural Small Watershed, China

It is not understood well that how the effects of land use and fish farming on the contents of alkali metals (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) in small water bodies of pond and reservoir ecosystems at the watershed scale. In this study, the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ in water bodies were measured for 103 ponds and reservoirs used as fish farming or surrounded by different agricultural land use types in the subtropical hilly watershed of Jinjing (105 km2), China. The two important environmental factors of fishing farming and agricultural land use influenced the spatial variation the contents of alkali metals. The ponds and reservoirs in residential area had significantly higher concentrations of Ca2+ and Na+ than those with other land use types, reflecting the influence of domestic wastewater. Compared with those of natural ponds with non-fish farming, no significant increase of alkali metal contents occurred in fish farming ponds, due to the regular cleaning of ponds by farmers. However, the effect of fish culture on alkali metal contents was still supported indirectly by the fact that the alkali metal contents significantly correlated with nitrate contents in fish farming ponds and but high related with that of DIP in natural ponds. The suitability assessment for irrigation on the pond water indicated that almost all of ponds were suitable for irrigation except some ponds surrounded by residential area and tea plantation. Generally, our results demonstrated that fish farming and agricultural land use affected the contents of alkali metals in ponds and reservoirs. The agricultural water irrigation would be with caution from the ponds with tea plantation and residential area in the subtropical hilly watershed.

早期活动对机械通气患者病死率影响的累积Meta分析

目的应用累积Meta分析方法评价早期活动对ICU机械通气患者病死率的影响。方法计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国学术期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science Cochrane Library数据库,搜集关于ICU机械通气患者进行早期活动的随机对照试验,检索时限为建库至2018年12月30日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,按发表时间顺序进行累积Meta分析,同时采用试验序贯分析方法,评价研究结果的可靠性及真实性。结果共纳入16项研究,包括1 928例患者。累积Meta分析结果显示,早期活动对ICU机械通气患者ICU住院期间的病死率累积效应值为[OR=1.43,95%CI(0.83,2.48)],住院期间病死率累积效应值为[OR=0.92,95%CI(0.72,1.18)],试验序贯分析结果显示,累计的信息量没有穿过传统界值,也没有跨过试验序贯分析界值,且未达到期望信息量(5064例),因此,可能试验组和对照组疗效差异无统计学意义,仍需要更多的试验来证明。结论现有证据显示,早期活动不增加机械通气患者的病死率。受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚需开展更多研究予以证实。

全过程人民民主制度的有效性:以政党制度为例

全过程人民民主具有科学有效的制度安排,具有完整的制度程序。中国新型政党制度是全过程人民民主制度的重要组成部分,同样表现出高度的有效性。本文根据新制度主义理论,基于符合中国特色社会主义现代化的场景,设计了从政党制度的角度考察全过程人民民主制度有效性的整体分析框架,包含制度构建、制度体系、制度程序、制度环境和制度绩效五个环节。检验发现,中国新型政党制度具有制度产生的合法性、制度结构的稳定性、制度运行的高效性、制度与环境的契合性以及制度绩效的激励性,很好地实现了供给合理、体系完整、规范有序、场域适应的综合功能,产生出积极的政治、经济、社会文化效应。

把新的社会阶层人士“组织起来”的对策研究

习近平同志提出,"我们党历来有一个好办法,就是组织起来。"新的社会阶层人士的产生与成长,是与我国所有制形式、产业结构、社会分工、就业方式以及社会治理方式息息相关的,应从政治学、社会学、经济学等各个学理角度对把该群体"组织起来"的现状进行调查分析。而把新的社会阶层人士"组织起来",要找到掌握底数的需求与摸清底数的难度之间、社会结构多元复杂与组织引导方式单一之间、主管部门观念差异与组织引导工作实效之间存在的矛盾,将规范化和社会化、集约化和精准化、主体化和平台化,分别作为把新的社会阶层人士"组织起来"的方向、路径和重点,为新时代统战工作提供动力和活力。

脑卒中患者发生深静脉血栓危险因素的Meta分析

目的明确脑卒中患者发生深静脉血栓的危险因素,为预防脑卒中患者发生深静脉血栓提供依据。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,搜集建库至2018年8月关于脑卒中患者发生深静脉血栓危险因素的文献,利用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入14篇文献,包括22项相关危险因素,有统计学意义的危险因素为年龄≥65岁(OR=1.93)、糖尿病(OR=1.63)、冠心病(OR=2.31)、心房颤动(OR=1.55)、瘫痪(OR=7.14)、深静脉穿刺(OR=3.08)、卧床(OR=7.36)、心力衰竭(OR=1.96)、感染(OR=2.48)、入院时美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中评分(OR=5.78)、下肢美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中评分≥2分(OR=2.28)。结论年龄≥65岁、糖尿病、冠心病、心房颤动、瘫痪、有深静脉穿刺史、卧床、心力衰竭、感染等是脑卒中患者深静脉血栓的危险因素。

早产儿出生后早期屈光系统发育及其影响因素

目的:探讨早产儿矫正胎龄32~40周的屈光系统发育情况,评估早产儿眼轴长度与出生体质量及出生孕龄的相关性。方法:系列病例研究。选取2018年3─12月在浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院以及温州医科大学附属眼视光医院接受早产儿视网膜病变筛查的早产儿为研究对象,在矫正胎龄32~40周时右眼行A超检查并记录,得到前房深度、晶状体厚度、玻璃体长度、眼轴长度等数据。记录早产儿的出生体质量、出生孕龄及接受检查时的矫正胎龄。分别根据出生孕龄(出生孕龄<30周,出生孕龄≥30周)及出生体质量(出生体质量<1500 g,出生体质量≥1500 g)对早产儿进行分组并评估其与眼轴长度的相关性。采用Pearson相关性分析研究屈光系统参数与矫正胎龄的关系,2组间眼轴长度的比较采用独立样本t检验。结果:共496例早产儿纳入研究,收集屈光系统参数1385次。前房深度(r=0.384,P<0.001),晶状体厚度(r=0.295,P<0.001),玻璃体长度(r=0.723,P<0.001),眼轴长度(r=0.782,P<0.001)均与矫正胎龄呈正相关。出生孕龄<30周以及出生孕龄≥30周的早产儿眼轴差异无统计学意义。出生体质量<1500 g的早产儿较出生体质量≥1500 g的早产儿在矫正胎龄38~40周时眼轴更短,差异有统计学意义(t=2.195,P=0.030;t=2.504,P=0.015;t=1.989,P=0.048)。结论:早产儿出生后早期,出生孕龄对眼轴影响不大,极低出生体质量早产儿有较短的眼轴。

Bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution and chemical forms of yttrium in rice seedling

Yttrium（Y） accumulation in soil is a serious environment problem in China. To understand the mechanisms involved in Y tolerance and detoxification in rice seedling, the bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms of Y was investigated in the present study. The results show that the content of Y both in roots and shoots increases with the increasing concentration of Y, and a large amount of Y is stored in roots. Subcellular distribution of Y in rice indicates that the majority of Y is bound to cell wall. Meanwhile, various chemical forms of Y is absorbed by rice. The greatest amount of Y is extracted by 2% hydrate acetic acid（HAc） and 0.6 mol/L HCl（particularly 2% HAc）, which indicates that most of Y is combined with un-dissolved phosphate and oxalate（particularly phosphate）. Cluster analysis, based on Y abundance levels, reveals the relationship between Y distribution patterns and chemical forms. Our results imply that Y forming of precipitates with phosphate（and/or oxalate） and depositing in the cell wall may be a key strategy for Y detoxicity and tolerance in rice.

Bronchoscopy and Pathology Findings in an Unusual Case of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis

The diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis(ABPM)is usually made on clinical,serologic,and roentgenographic findings.However,the indicators in such diagnostic criteria still lack specificity,which results in a high rate of misdiagnosis.A 47-year-old woman was diagnosed with“tuberculosis”or“pneumonia”for 10years and after thoracoscopic right upper lung resection the following chest CT showed right lung atelectasis.Brown sputum was seen in the right bronchus via bronchoscopy.Reviewing the surgical pathology specimen,the bronchi were found to be generally cystic dilated,and a large amount of mucus was retained and formed a mucus plug.The final diagnosis of the case was ABPM.The current diagnostic criteria of ABPM do not emphasize the role of bronchoscopy and pathological examination,but bronchoscopy and pathological examination still have important value for some atypical cases with suspected ABPM.