Dietary supplementation of benzoic acid and essential oils combination enhances intestinal resilience against LPS stimulation in weaned piglets

Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Previous research has primarily focused on the reparative effects of BAO on intestinal injury,while neglecting its potential in enhancing intestinal stress resistance.Methods In this study,we investigated the pre-protective effect of BAO against LPS-induced stress using a modified experimental procedure.Piglets were pre-supplemented with BAO for 14 d,followed by a challenge with LPS or saline to collect blood and intestinal samples.Results Our findings demonstrated that BAO supplementation led to significant improvements in piglets’final weight,average daily gain,and feed intake/body gain ratio.Additionally,BAO supplementation positively influenced the composition of intestinal microbiota,increasing beneficial Actinobacteriota and Alloprevotella while reducing harmful Desulfobacterota,Prevotella and Oscillospira.Furthermore,BAO supplementation effectively mitigated oxidative disturbances and inflammatory responses induced by acute LPS challenge.This was evidenced by elevated levels of T-AOC,SOD,and GSH,as well as decreased levels of MDA,TNF-α,and IL-6 in the plasma.Moreover,piglets subjected to LPS challenge and pre-supplemented with BAO exhibited significant improvements in intestinal morphological structure and enhanced integrity,as indicated by restored expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 compared to the non-supplemented counterparts.Further analysis revealed that BAO supplementation enhanced the jejunal antioxidative capacity by increasing GSH-Px levels and decreasing MDA levels under the LPS challenge and stimulated the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Additionally,the reduction of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways activation and proinflammatory factor were also observed in the jejunal of those piglets fed with BAO.Conclusions In summary,our study demonstrates that pre-supplementation of BAO enhances the anti-stress capacity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal microbiota composition,reinforcing the intestinal barrier,and enhancing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities.These effects are closely associated with the activation of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.

国家水网建设对保障国家粮食安全战略作用研究

为深刻揭示“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略下国家水网建设的意义,文章在系统分析2001—2020年粮食产销变化和相应水资源支撑中面临形势的基础上,综合我国人多地少水缺的现实条件,立足当前我国水资源配置格局下的承载现状,从“全面提高耕地产能、推进农业灌溉集约化、智能化技术,以及促进灌区绿色发展”三方面分析了国家水网建设对保障粮食安全的重要作用,揭示了建设国家水网的必要性。

审培一体化的医院处方前置审核药师培养模式实践

目的为医院培养处方前置审核药师提供思路。方法基于《医疗机构处方审核规范》(简称《规范》)对审核药师定期培训的要求,结合医院药学服务实际情况,从培养对象、培养模式、培养目标、培养途径四方面阐述处方前置审核药师的培养方法。结果经实践初操,共培养出1个具有4级、5档梯度的处方前置审核药师团队,42名药师获得培训合格证,23名药师获得资格授权,17名药师获得门诊处方前置审核上岗证,7名药师获得门诊及医嘱处方前置审核上岗证,5名药师获得师资证。结论所建立的处方前置审核药师理论培训和审核岗位实践培训的审培一体化培训体系符合《规范》对处方前置审核药师培训的要求,有助于科室形成良好的学习氛围与积极上进的科室文化,促进了处方前置审核工作的开展。

A wearable real-time telemonitoring electrocardiogram device compared with traditional Holter monitoring

Arrhythmias are very common in the healthy populations as well as patients with cardiovascular diseases.Among them,atrial fibrillation(AF)and malignant ventricular arrhythmias are usually associated with some clinical events.Early diagnosis of arrhythmias,particularly AF and ventricular arrhythmias,is very important for the treatment and prognosis of patients.Holter is a gold standard commonly recommended for noninvasive detection of paroxysmal arrhythmia.However,it has some shortcomings such as fixed detection timings,delayed report and inability of remote real-time detection.To deal with such problems,we designed and applied a new wearable 72-hour triple-lead H3-electrocardiogram(ECG)device with a remote cloud-based ECG platform and an expertsupporting system.In this study,31 patients were recruited and 24-hour synchronous ECG data by H3-ECG and Holter were recorded.In the H3-ECG group,ECG signals were transmitted using remote real-time modes,and confirmed reports were made by doctors in the remote expert-supporting system,while the traditional modes and detection systems were used in the Holter group.The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in 24-hour total heart rate(HR),averaged HR,maximum HR,minimum HR,premature atrial complexes(PACs)and premature ventricular complexes(PVCs)(P>0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of capture and remote automatic cardiac events detection of PACs,PVCs,and AF by H3-ECG were 93%and 99%,98%and 99%,94%and 98%,respectively.Therefore,the long-term limb triple-lead H3-ECG device can be utilized for domiciliary ECG self-monitoring and remote management of patients with common arrhythmia under medical supervision.

Restored intestinal integrity,nutrients transporters,energy metabolism,antioxidative capacity and decreased harmful microbiota were associated with IUGR piglet's catch-up growth before weanling

Background:Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)is a major inducer of higher morbidity and mortality in the pig industry and catch-up growth(CUG)before weanling could significantly restore this negative influence.But there was limited knowledge about the underlying mechanism of CUG occurrence.Methods:Eighty litters of newborn piglets were divided into normal birth weight(NBW)and IUGR groups according to birth weight.At 26 d,those piglets with IUGR but over average body weight of eighty litters of weaned piglets were considered as CUG,and the piglets with IUGR still below average body weight were considered as NCUG.This study was conducted to systemically compare the intestinal difference among NBW,CUG and NCUG weaned piglets considering the crucial role of the intestine for piglet growth.Results:The results indicated that the m RNA expression of nutrients(amino acids,glucose,and fatty acids)transporters,and mitochondrial electron transport chain(ETC)I were upregulated in CUG piglets'gut with improved morphology compared with those NCUG,as well as the ratio of P-AMPK/AMPK protein expression which is the indicator of energy metabolism.Meanwhile,CUG piglet's gut showed higher antioxidative capacity with increased SOD and GSHPx activity,decreased MDA levels,as well as higher m RNA expressions of Nrf2,Keap1,SOD,and GSH-Px.Furthermore,inflammatory parameters including TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-12 factors,and the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were significantly elevated in the NCUG intestine,while the protein expression of ZO-1,Occludin and Claudin-1 was reduced.The alpha diversity of fecal microbiota was higher in CUG piglets in contrast with NCUG piglets,and the increased beneficial bacteria and decreased pathogenic bacteria was also observed in CUG piglets.Conclusions:CUG piglet's intestine showed comprehensive restoration including higher nutrients transport,energy metabolism,antioxidant capacity,and intestinal physical barrier,while lower oxidative stress,inflammatory response,and pathogenic microbiota.

基于Visual MODFLOW地下水位预测研究

地基基础设计中,地下水是最活跃、复杂且难把握的因素。地下水受季节、环境影响较大,在建筑物的使用年限内地下水位是波动的,较大的地下水位变化可能引起地基失稳、基础破坏,从而预测地下水位、了解地下水位变化情况对地基基础设计、保障建筑物的使用安全是十分必要的。Visual MODFLOW是国际上较为成熟的地下水数值模拟软件,通过其建立数值模型,输入相关数据可对地下水位进行预测,为研究地下水位对地基基础的影响提供了重要的工具。

改进内梅罗指数法与复合指数法在土壤环境质量评价中的对比研究

土壤环境质量评价是土地资源有效利用和土壤污染风险管控的重要依据和前提。为探讨不同评价方法的差异,选择更为可靠、有效的评价方法,分别使用改进内梅罗指数法和复合指数法对某山区土壤环境质量进行评价并对评价结果进行对比分析。结果表明:评价等级不一致的区域面积为51.25 km^2,占评价区总面积的14.15%。改进内梅罗指数法对指数计算中权重较小的污染元素存在评价降级的现象,而复合指数法对单因子指数接近分级标准临界值的污染元素存在评价降级的现象,在实际工作中选择的评价方法应结合评价区具体的污染元素及其对环境影响的评价标准值来综合考虑。

长春莲花山土壤环境质量评价与污染风险管控类型研究

本文以长春莲花山农用地表层土壤为研究对象,选取土壤中常见的部分重金属污染物Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Cr、Zn、Ni为评价因子,采用复合指数法对研究区进行土壤环境质量评价,并依据土壤污染风险筛选值对研究区土壤污染风险管控类型进行划分。结果表明,研究区内只存在单一元素污染区域,分别为Cd、Pb元素污染,污染面积占研究区总面积的6.41%,污染等级为轻度污染,区内未污染区域的等级均为警戒;作为评价因子的8种重金属元素含量均低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,莲花山全区土壤风险管控类型均为优先保护类。

Pathogenesis and drug response of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from two Brugada syndrome patients with different Nav1.5-subunit mutations

Brugada syndrome(BrS)is a complex genetic cardiac ion channel disease that causes a high predisposition to sudden cardiac death.Considering that its heterogeneity in clinical manifestations may result from genetic background,the application of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes(iPSC-CMs)may help to reveal cell phenotype characteristics underlying different genetic variations.Here,to verify and compare the pathogenicity of mutations(SCN5A c.4213G>A and SCN1B c.590C>T)identified from two BrS patients,we generated two novel BrS iPS cell lines that carried missense mutations in SCN5A or SCN1B,compared their structures and electrophysiology,and evaluated the safety of quinidine in patient-specific iPSC-derived CMs.Compared to the control group,BrS-CMs showed a significant reduction in sodium current,prolonged action potential duration,and varying degrees of decreased Vmax,but no structural difference.After applying different concentrations of quinidine,drug-induced cardiotoxicity was not observed within 3-fold unbound effective therapeutic plasma concentration(ETPC).The data presented proved that iPSC-CMs with variants in SCN5A c.4213G>A or SCN1B c.590C>T are able to recapitulate single-cell phenotype features of BrS and respond appropriately to quinidine without increasing incidence of arrhythmic events.

某院门/急诊前置审方系统中抗菌药物规则库精细化管理效果评价

目的促进门/急诊抗菌药物的合理使用。方法统计医院前置审方系统上线并稳定运行1年中门/急诊抗菌药物处方事后专项点评(简称专项点评)中存在的不合理用药问题,分析不合理类型及产生原因,据此寻找前置审方系统中抗菌药物管理规则存在的不足,以专项点评结果为规则修改依据,并以此对抗菌药物规则库进行精细化管理。比较管理前(2018年9月至2019年8月)及管理后(2020年9月至2021年8月)的专项点评结果。结果管理前,专项点评不合理处方3146张,不合理类型包括遴选药物不适宜(1720张,54.67%),用法用量不适宜(766张,24.35%),适应证不适宜(620张,19.71%)等。管理后,处方合理率在处方量增加近1倍的情况下仍有升高(由管理前的95.17%升至管理后的97.53%)。前述不合理类型不合理率分别由管理前的2.64%,1.18%,0.95%降至管理后的0.56%,1.03%,0.89%,降幅分别为78.79%,12.71%,6.32%。结论该院门/急诊前置审方系统中抗菌药物规则库的针对性改进和精细化管理,可促进相应药物在临床的合理使用。

Enhanced charge separation by incomplete calcination modified co-doped TiO_(2)nanoparticle for isothiazolinone photocatalytic degradation

Photocatalytic oxidation techniques are promising for degradation of the highly ecotoxic and refractory isothiazolinone bactericides in relevant industrial wastewaters.However,low charge separation and directional transport efficiency under solar light radiation restrain their practical application.Here,we report a nanostructured photocatalyst doped with Gd and B in TiO_(2)with carbon incorporation and defect formation through incomplete calcination.The specific surface area,grain size,and hydrophilicity of TiO_(2)are improved,which is beneficial for the interfacial reaction between the photocatalyst and pollutants.The reduction of the bandgap,the broadening of the photo-absorption range,and the retarded electron-hole recombination promote the photocatalytic performance due to the improved oxygen vacancies based on the electron distribution modification.The difference in partial density of states(ΔPDOS)between the current catalyst and raw TiO_(2)indicates that the co-doping of Gd and B with incomplete calcination changes the electronic hybridization of conduction band and valence band near the Fermi level,and affects the band gap energy.It improved charge separation and directional transport efficiency and benefited the formation of main active species,including•OH and O_(2)•−,for the pollutant decomposition.The rate of photocatalytic removal of benzisothiazolinone(BIT)by the current photocatalyst reaches 1.25 h^(−1),being 4.31 times that of TiO_(2).The current work offers a constructive approach to the design and synthesis of nanostructured photocatalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of refractory organic pollutants.

超声乳化联合IOL植入术围手术期瞳孔直径和反应的变化

目的:探究晶状体超声乳化联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术围手术期瞳孔直径、反应的变化。方法:前瞻性临床研究。收集于2016年1-9月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院眼科行超声乳化联合IOL植入术的连续白内障和高度近视透明晶状体置换患者。采用动态瞳孔测量仪(Metro-vision MONCV3)测量术前、术后1周、术后1个月在4种光照度下(0、1、10和100 cd/m2)的瞳孔直径,并检测瞳孔反应(如瞳孔初始直径、收缩幅度、收缩潜伏期、收缩持续时间、收缩速度、扩张潜伏期、扩张持续时间和扩张速度等)。采用重复测量方差分析、Pearson相关分析及Spearman相关分析对数据进行分析。结果:共纳入患者53例(53眼)。在4种光照度下,术前瞳孔直径随年龄增加而下降(r0=-0.467,P0<0.001;r1=-0.383,P1=0.005;r10=-0.374,P10=0.006;r100=-0.312,P100=0.023)。4种光照强度下瞳孔直径手术前后总体差异有统计学意义(F0=206.9,P0<0.001;F1=106.8,P1<0.001;F10=41.7,P10<0.001;F100=36.7,P100<0.001),与术前相比,4种光照强度下瞳孔直径术后1周、1个月均下降(均P<0.001)。手术前后瞳孔反应的初始直径、收缩幅度、收缩和扩张速度总体差异有统计学意义(F初始直径=99.5,P初始直径<0.001;F收缩幅度=36.2,P收缩幅度<0.001;F收缩速度=51.9,P收缩速度<0.001;F扩张速度=23.8,P扩张速度<0.001),与术前相比,术后1周、1个月初始直径、收缩幅度、收缩和扩张速度均下降(均P<0.001)。结论:超声乳化联合IOL植入术后1个月内可引起瞳孔缩小,瞳孔反应的收缩、扩张速度变慢,为IOL设计中确定有效光学区范围提供依据。

Biosynthetic approach to modeling and understanding metalloproteins using unnatural amino acids

Metalloproteins have inspired chemists for many years to synthesize artificial catalysts that mimic native enzymes.As a complementary approach to studying native enzymes or making synthetic models,biosynthetic approach using small and stable proteins to model native enzymes has offered advantages of incorporating non-covalent secondary sphere interactions under physiological conditions.However,most biosynthetic models are restricted to natural amino acids.To overcome this limitation,incorporating unnatural amino acids into the biosynthetic models has shown promises.In this review,we summarize first synthetic,semisynthetic and biological methods of incorporates unnatural amino acids(UAAs)into proteins,followed by progress made in incorporating UAAs into both native metalloproteins and their biosynthetic models to fine-tune functional properties beyond native enzymes or their variants containing natural amino acids,such as reduction potentials of azurin,O_2 reduction rates and percentages of product formation of HCO models in Mb,the rate of radical transport in ribonucleotide reductase(RNR)and the proton and electron transfer pathways in photosystemⅡ(PSⅡ).We also discuss how this endeavour has allowed systematic investigations of precise roles of conserved residues in metalloproteins,such as Metl21 in azurin,Tyr244 that is cross-linked to one of the three His ligands to CuB in HCO,Tyr122,356,730 and 731 in RNR and TyrZ in PSⅡ.These examples have demonstrated that incorporating UAAs has provided a new dimension in our efforts to mimic native enzymes and in providing deeper insights into structural features responsible high enzymatic activity and reaction mechanisms,making it possible to design highly efficient artificial catalysts with similar or even higher activity than native enzymes.

Influence of NO_(x) on the activity of Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst for methane oxidation: Alleviation of transient deactivation

Alumina supported Pd catalyst(Pd/Al_(2)O_(3)) is active for complete oxidation of methane, while often suffers transient deactivation during the cold down process. Herein, heating and cooling cycle tests between 200 and 900 ℃ and isothermal experiments at 650 ℃ were conducted to investigate the influence of NO_(x) on transient deactivation of Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst during the methane oxidation. It was found that the co-fed of NO alleviated transient deactivation in the cooling ramp from 800 to 500 ℃, which was resulted from the in situ formation of NO_(2) during the process of methane oxidation. Over the Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3), thermogravimetric analysis and O_(2) temperature programmed oxidation measurements confirmed that transient deactivation was due to the decomposition of Pd O particles and the hysteresis of Pd reoxidation, while the metal Pd entities were less active for methane oxidation than the Pd O ones. CO pulse chemisorption and scanning transmission electron microscopy characterizations rule out the NO_(2) effect on Pd size change. Powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations were used to obtain palladium status of Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3) before and after reactions, indicating that in lean conditions at 650 ℃, the presence of NO_(2) increases the content of active Pd O on the catalyst surface, thus benefits methane oxidation. Homogeneous reaction between CH 4, O_(2), and NO_(x) may be partially responsible for the alleviation above 650 ℃. The interesting research of alleviation in transient deactivation by NO_(x), the components co-existing in exhausts, are of great significance for the application.