Stalk Rot Resistance Analysis and Yield Loss Evaluation on 25 Maize Varieties and Utilization of Resistant Germplasm Jun M9

Stalk rot outbroke in Henan Province in 2014 on maize,and the disease conditions of 25 varieties were investigated.According to national maize variety disease resistance identification standards,Jundan 509 was a resistant variety; Yudan 606,Jinsai 38 and Jundan 3136 were moderately-resistant varieties; and other 21 varieties were all highly susceptible.Based on the yield loss rate of 5% determined as the critical value for division of disease tolerance,disease-tolerant varieties included Jundan 509,Yudan 606,Jinsai 38,Jundan 3136,Huaiyu 5288,Qiaoyu 8,XY046,Zhengyu 10,lile 66,weike 702 and Jundan 29.Varietal disease resistance and tolerance were mainly divided according to incidence and yield loss rate,respectively,and the correlation between them was showed by a Venn diagram.With the male parent Jun M9 of Jundan 509 as a backbone material,multiple maize combinations resistant to stalk rot were formed,and Yongyou 618 among them was approved by Henan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee.

Physics through the microscope

The electron microscope provides numerous insights into physics, from demonstrations of fundamental quantummechanical principles to the physics of imaging and materials. It reveals the atomic and electronic structure of key regionssuch as defects and interfaces. We can learn the underlying physics governing properties, and gain insight into how tosynthesize new materials with improved properties. Some recent advances and possible future directions are discussed.

Probing nickelate superconductors at atomic scale:A STEM review

The discovery of nickelate superconductors,including doped infinite-layer(IL)nickelates RNiO2(R=La,Pr,Nd),layered square-planar nickelate Nd6Ni5O12,and the Ruddlesden–Popper(RP)phase La3Ni2O7,has spurred immense interest in fundamental research and potential applications.Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)has proven crucial for understanding structure–property correlations in these diverse nickelate superconducting systems.In this review,we summarize the key findings from various modes of STEM,elucidating the mechanism of different nickelate superconductors.We also discuss future perspectives on emerging STEM techniques for unraveling the pairing mechanism in the“nickel age”of superconductivity.

A reactive oxygen species-responsive dendrimer with low cytotoxicity for efficient and targeted gene delivery

Nonviral vectors have been attracting more attention for several advantages in gene delivery and the development of nonviral gene ca rriers with high delivery efficiency and low cytotoxicity has long been a key project.Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers are a class of synthetic polymers with unique structural and physical characteristics.However,when they are used as gene carrier,the gene transfection efficiency is not satisfactory.Herein,a novel thioketal-core polyamidoamine dendrimer(i.e.,ROS-PAMAM)was synthesized and characterized.Compared to ethylenediamine-core dendrimers or widely used cationic polymers of polyetherimide,ROS-PAMAM showed lower cytotoxicity.Moreover,ROS-PAMAM demonstrated reactive oxygen species responsive characteristics,which can facilitate the release of siRNA in the tumor microenvironment.In vitro gene transfection experiments based on A549 cells confirmed that siRNA/ROS-PAMAM exhibits high gene transfection efficiency.It is concluded that ROS-PAMAM shows great potential as a generalizable vehicle for gene therapy applications.

The role of phosphatidylcholine 34:1 in the occurrence,development and treatment of ulcerative colitis

Lipid homeostasis is considered to be related to intestinal metabolic balance,while its role in the pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC)remains largely unexplored.The present study aimed to identify the target lipids related to the occurrence,development and treatment of UC by comparing the lipidomics of UC patients,mice and colonic organoids with the corresponding healthy controls.Here,multi-dimensional lipidomics based on LC–QTOF/MS,LC–MS/MS and iMScope systems were constructed and used to decipher the alteration of lipidomic profiles.The results indicated that UC patients and mice were often accompanied by dysregulation of lipid homeostasis,in which triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines were significantly reduced.Notably,phosphatidylcholine 34:1(PC34:1)was characterized by high abundance and closely correlation with UC disease.Our results also revealed that down-regulation of PC synthase PCYT1 α and Pemt caused by UC modeling was the main factor leading to the reduction of PC34:1,and exogenous PC34:1 could greatly enhance the fumarate level via inhibiting the transformation of glutamate to N-acetylglutamate,thus exerting an anti-UC effect.Collectively,our study not only supplies common technologies and strategies for exploring lipid metabolism in mammals,but also provides opportunities for the discovery of therapeutic agents and biomarkers of UC.

Versatile SrFeO_(x) for memristive neurons and synapses

Spiking neural network(SNN)consisting of memristor-based artificial neurons and synapses has emerged as a compact and energy-efficient hardware solution for spatiotemporal information processing.However,it is challenging to develop memristive neurons and synapses based on the same material system because the required resistive switching(RS)characteristics are different.Here,it is shown that SrFeO_(x)(SFO),an intriguing material system exhibiting topotactic phase transformation between insulating brownmillerite(BM)SrFeO_(2).5 phase and conductive perovskite(PV)SrFeO_(3) phase,can be engineered into both neuronal and synaptic devices.Using a BM-SFO single layer as the RS medium,the Au/BM-SFO/SrRuO_(3)(SRO)memristor exhibits nonvolatile RS behavior originating from the formation/rupture of PV-SFO filaments in the BM-SFO matrix.By contrast,using a PV-SFO(matrix)/BM-SFO(interfacial layer)bilayer as the RS medium,the Au/PV-SFO/BM-SFO/SRO memristor exhibits volatile RS behavior originating from the interfacial BM-PV phase transformation.Synaptic and neuronal characteristics are further demonstrated in the Au/BM-SFO/SRO and Au/PV-SFO/BM-SFO/SRO memristors,respectively.Using the SFO-based synapses and neurons,fully memristive SNNs are constructed by simulation,which show good performance on unsupervised image recognition.Our study suggests that SFO is a versatile material platform on which both neuronal and synaptic devices can be developed for constructing fully memristive SNNs.

The role of strain and polar discontinuity in magnetism in LaMnO_3/SrTiO_3/LaAlO_3(001) heterostructures

Creating novel interfacial effects in quantum-matter-based heterostructures is at the heart of condensed matter physics and materials science[1].Utilizing the subtle interplay among charge,spin,orbit and lattice degrees of freedom,these interfacial effects can spawn tailored functionalities and act as additional building blocks for the future oxide electronics.Among the various interfacial effects,the inevitable strain effect induced by unequal lattice constants and the ubiquitous charge redistribution effect at inter-