Health benefits of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide on intestinal microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice

Grifola frondosa polysaccharide(GFP)as the natural compounds have been reported to exert diverse bioactivities.The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of GFP on intestinal microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice.The changes of microbiota in faeces of the diabetic mice upon high fat diet were determined and the V3 region of the 16S rRNA was sequenced by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform.Eighty operational taxonomic unit were identified to be shared by all samples,and the quality and richness of sequencing were assessed via rarefaction and rank abundance curves.The diversity of gut flora was slightly improved in diabetic mice after GFP treatment.The composition and relative abundance of gut microbiota at phylum and genus levels were altered by GFP.The abundance of Robinsoniella,Flavonifractor,Anaerotruncus,and Desulfvibrio were found to concentrate on diabetic mice through LEfSe analysis.Furthermore,Alloprevotella and Burkholderia had strong relevancy with other gut flora.Based on the findings,GFP might be a desired candidate on ameliorating the intestinal unbalance in diabetes.

Prevotella oris-caused meningitis and spinal canal infection:A case report

BACKGROUND Prevotella oris-induced meningitis and Prevotella oris-induced meningitis concomitant with spinal canal infection are extremely rare.To the best of our knowledge,only 1 case of Prevotella oris-induced central system infection has been reported.This is the second report on meningitis combined with spinal canal infection due to Prevotella oris.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 9-year-old boy suffering from meningitis and spinal canal infection.The patient presented to the neurosurgery department with lumbosacral pain for 1 mo and headache and vomiting for 1 d.He had been treated with cephalosporin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for fever,otalgia and pharyngalgia in a local hospital 2 mo prior to this admission.During hospitalization,magnetic resonance imaging suggested meningitis and L3-S1 lumbosacral dural sac infection.The cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures were negative,but the cerebrospinal fluid specimen indicated the presence of Prevotella oris by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.Previous cases of Prevotella oris infection were retrieved from PubMed to characterize the clinicopathological features and identify the prognostic factors and related antimicrobial treatment of infection due to Prevotella oris.CONCLUSION This report shed light on the characteristics of Prevotella oris infection and highlighted the role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in pathogen detection.

后香农时代ICT领域的十大挑战问题

本文以未来万物互联的智能社会的愿景为出发点,从信息产生、传输和处理的角度,深入剖析信息通信(information and communications technologies,ICT)行业在信息论、运筹学、控制论、计算理论和人工智能方面未来发展中面临的技术挑战,并提出十个重要挑战问题.文章首先详细阐述这些技术挑战问题的背景、问题定义以及学术界和工业界当前的研究进展.其次针对这些问题给出潜在的解决思路和未来的研究方向.最后提出要解决十大挑战难题所面临的理论突破机会,包括:需要超越经典的香农信息论,建立语义信息论体系;需要突破深度神经网络,建立可解释的深度神经网络理论体系;需要突破经典的排队论和优化理论体系,建立网络排队论和网络优化理论方法;需要突破功耗和复杂度的约束,建立近似计算理论体系.

Discovery of small molecule degraders for modulating cell cycle

The cell cycle is a complex process that involves DNA replication,protein expression,and cell division.Dysregulation of the cell cycle is associated with various diseases.Cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs)and their corresponding cyclins are major proteins that regulate the cell cycle.In contrast to inhibition,a new approach called proteolysis-targeting chimeras(PROTACs)and molecular glues can eliminate both enzymatic and scaffold functions of CDKs and cyclins,achieving targeted degradation.The field of PROTACs and molecular glues has developed rapidly in recent years.In this article,we aim to summarize the latest developments of CDKs and cyclin protein degraders.The selectivity,application,validation and the current state of each CDK degrader will be overviewed.Additionally,possible methods are discussed for the development of degraders for CDK members that still lack them.Overall,this article provides a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in CDK and cyclin protein degraders,which will be helpful for researchers working on this topic.

Variations in the substrate composition and microbial community structure in the anaerobic fermentation process using the green algae Enteromorpha prolifera

Enteromorpha prolifera is a nutrient-rich green alga and abound in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea of China. In this study, E. prolifera was anaerobically digested for biogas production. The variations of chemical compositions and microbial community structure as well as the physical structure of E. prolifera in anaerobic digestion process were investigated. This is the first report of multiple ways to deeply analysis the process of E. prolifera anaerobic digestion. Results from the present work showed that the biogas obtained from E. prolifera anaerobic digestion could achieve 409.7 mL•g− 1 TS with an average methane concentration of 53.2%, and the VFAs content in substrate played a vital role for driving the biogas production of flora. Moreover, S1 of Thermotogaceae and Cenarchaeum, the dominant bac-teria and archaea in digestion flora, respectively, played important roles in degrading E. prolifera, acidizing slurry, and providing methanogenic substrate for methanogens.

Effects of Rhodiola rosea and its major compounds on insulin resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

By establishing insulin resistance model of Caenorhabditis elegans,the effects of Rhodiola rosea extract and its compounds on glucose level,insulin signal intensity,antioxidant enzymes and cell apoptosis of C.elegans were investigated in present study.The mRNA expression of DAF-2,DAF-16,AkT-1,SKN-1,AAK-2 and SOD-3 were detected by qRT-PCR.The results revealed that R.rosea extract contain salidroside,kaempferol,chlorogenic acid,kaemphenol-7-O-glucoside,caffeic acid,and quercetin,etc.At the concentration of 200μg/mL,R.rosea extract treated C.elegans showed increased insulin signal intensity by 52.46%compared with the normal group,while,glucose content decreased by 72.13%and reactive oxygen species(ROS)level decreased by 36.84%.Compared with high glucose model group,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)increased by 10.9,14.2 and 27.9,respectively.After R.rosea extract intervention,the expression levels of DAF-2,AkT-1,AAK-2,SKN-1 and other genes significantly increased.These results also indicated that R.rosea extract could activate insulin receptor substrate(IRS)and adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathways to enhance insulin signaling,promote nutrient metabolism,and achieve the effect for improving insulin resistance of C.elegans.