The Study of Helium Variations in Star Clusters Using China Space Station Telescope

The China Space Station Telescope(CSST)is a 2 m space-based optical-UV telescope.Its primary goal is to carry out a high-resolution photometric imaging survey of a 17,500 square degree sky area using the on board Survey Camera.With its wide field of view(1.1 square degrees)and a mosaic imager containing 640 million pixels,studying the different populations of stars within star clusters is highly feasible.The aim of this study is to assess the CSST's ability to distinguish between stellar populations with varying helium abundance levels,with the help of Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics.The results of the CSST's photometry for these different populations are presented by transferring the models into the CSST Survey Camera photometric system.The findings confirm that helium-enriched stellar populations will have unique patterns in the color-magnitude diagrams under the CSST photometric system,compared to normal stellar populations.The CSST,with its filters and wide field of view of the Survey Camera,provides a new avenue for the study of multiple populations in star clusters.

Development of advanced anion exchange membrane from the view of the performance of water electrolysis cell

Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis combined with renewable energy is a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density with zero-carbon emissions.Among water electrolysis technologies,the anion exchange membrane(AEM) water electrolysis has gained intensive attention and is considered as the next-generation emerging technology due to its potential advantages,such as the use of low-cost non-noble metal catalysts,the relatively mature stack assembly process,etc.However,the AEM water electrolyzer is still in the early development stage of the kW-level stack,which is mainly attributed to severe performance decay caused by the core component,i.e.,AEM.Here,the review comprehensively presents the recent progress of advanced AEM from the view of the performance of water electrolysis cells.Herein,fundamental principles and critical components of AEM water electrolyzers are introduced,and work conditions of AEM water electrolyzers and AEM performance improvement strategies are discussed.The challenges and perspectives are also analyzed.

超薄2D/2D NiPS_(3)/C_(3)N_(5)异质结的界面工程促进光催化产氢

探索高效水分解光催化剂具有获得氢能源的巨大潜力。调控异质结界面可以有效地促进电荷载流子的分离和太阳能的利用,从而提高光催化活性。本工作使用了一种机械混合辅助自组装方法来构建NiPS_(3)(NPS)纳米片(NSs)/C_(3)N_(5)(CN) NSs (NPS/CN)异质结,即在二维(2D) CN NSs表面紧密沉积2D NPS NSs以形成2D/2D异质结构。在可见光下,通过在去离子水和海水中分解水生成氢气来评价样品的光催化性能。与CNNSs和NPSNSs相比,NPS/CN复合材料显示出较高的光催化产氢(PHE)活性,这是由于光捕获能力增加和异质结形成的协同作用所致。然而,过量的NPS NSs沉积在CNNSs表面会降低NPS/CN中CNNSs组分的光吸收,从而降低NPS/CN复合材料的PHE活性。这表明,NPS/CN复合材料要获得良好的光催化活性,需要两个组分之间适当的质量比。优化后的光催化剂(3-NPS/CN)具有良好的结构稳定性,在可见光下PHE效率最高,为47.71 μmol·h^(-1),是CN NSs的2385.50倍。此外,3-NPS/CN在海水中也表现出良好的PHE活性,反应速率为8.99 μmol·h^(-1)。采用光电化学、稳态光致发光(PL)、时间分辨光致发光(TR-PL)、稳态表面光电压(SPV)和时间分辨表面光电压(TPV)技术研究了不同光催化剂上的电荷分离和迁移。根据表征结果提出了一种可能的PHE机理。在NPS/CN光催化剂中,由于CN NSs和NPS NSs之间的电位差和强的界面电子耦合,光生电子从CN NSs的导带迅速迁移到NPS NSs的导带。然后,聚积在NPS NSs组份导带上的光生电子可以有效地还原质子生成氢气分子。同时,在三乙醇胺(TEOA)分子存在下,CN NSs和NPS NSs的价带上的光生空穴被消耗。本研究提供了一种简单的2D/2D异质结构光催化剂制备方法,该方法对于构建高效二维异质结光催化剂在能源领域中的应用具有重要价值。

基于大变形疲劳理论的橡胶材料及制品疲劳寿命预测方法

基于橡胶大变形疲劳理论提出了一套橡胶材料及其制品的疲劳寿命预测方法。该方法主要包括橡胶超弹性本构模型拟合以及有限元分析和疲劳仿真联合模拟2个步骤。由橡胶材料单轴拉伸疲劳实验数据使用最小二乘法拟合得到Mooney-Rivilin本构模型材料参数。文中开发了具有自主知识产权的CIAC-SAFE疲劳仿真软件,并根据材料参数联合开源有限元模拟软件模拟的方法预测了哑铃型橡胶薄片单轴拉伸工况下的疲劳寿命,通过与实验结果比较验证了联合模拟方法的准确性。通过静态模拟数据来等效计算稳态滚动工况载荷历程,应用大变形疲劳理论方法预测V型带式模型以及橡胶轮胎模型稳态滚动工况下的疲劳寿命,根据预测结果对橡胶带式无极变速器(CVT)及橡胶轮胎的结构设计提出了优化建议,这表明该方法可以用于橡胶产品的设计前期,为产品开发节约时间和成本,也为深入理解橡胶材料疲劳及失效提供理论参考。

基于祖先重组图重建古今人类群体遗传系谱的研究进展及展望

随着古今人群大规模基因组资源的公布、计算生物学工具的革新及大数据挖掘相关算力的提升,基因组学领域正在经历一场革命性的变化。这些进步和变化不仅显著加深了人们对人类起源、迁徙及混合等复杂演化历程的理解,而且也揭示了这些过程对人类疾病健康状态的影响,加速了人们对人类健康和疾病遗传学基础的研究,还为挖掘人类基因组中记载的群体演化历史及疾病遗传学基础的演化轨迹提供了新的途径。祖先重组图(ancestral recombination graph,ARG)技术,通过分析全基因组中不同区域的重组事件和共祖特征,重建了基因组片段之间的演化关系。ARG记录了所研究基因组序列分歧以来的所有共祖和重组事件,并指明了每个基因组位置的完整系谱,是基因组分析的理想数据结构。本文综述了ARG技术的理论基础及其研究进展,并探讨了其在法医基因组学、群体遗传学、演化医学、医学基因组学等多个学科领域的转化应用和发展前景,以期推动该技术在基因组学研究中的应用,进一步深化对人类基因组的理解。

Optimized scheduling of integrated energy systems for low carbon economy considering carbon transaction costs

With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This study proposes a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for an IES that considers carbon trading costs.With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the IES and considering the transferable and curtailable characteristics of the electric and thermal flexible loads,an optimal scheduling model of the IES that considers the cost of carbon trading and flexible loads on the user side was established.The role of flexible loads in improving the economy of an energy system was investigated using examples,and the rationality and effectiveness of the study were verified through a comparative analysis of different scenarios.The results showed that the total cost of the system in different scenarios was reduced by 18.04%,9.1%,3.35%,and 7.03%,respectively,whereas the total carbon emissions of the system were reduced by 65.28%,20.63%,3.85%,and 18.03%,respectively,when the carbon trading cost and demand-side flexible electric and thermal load responses were considered simultaneously.Flexible electrical and thermal loads did not have the same impact on the system performance.In the analyzed case,the total cost and carbon emissions of the system when only the flexible electrical load response was considered were lower than those when only the flexible thermal load response was taken into account.Photovoltaics have an excess of carbon trading credits and can profit from selling them,whereas other devices have an excess of carbon trading and need to buy carbon credits.

Advances in selective conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Converting carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF) is an attractive and promising route for value-added utilization of agricultural and forestry biomass resource. As an important platform compound, 5-HMF possesses high active furan structure with hydroxymethyl and aldehyde group for production of various bio-chemicals and materials, meanwhile, which suffer from low stability and poor yield during the industrial biorefinery process. Hence, selective production of 5-HMF with high-yield and low-cost has attracted extensive attention from scientific and industrial researchers. This review sorted and described the latest advanced research on solvent and catalyst system, as well as energy field effect for production of 5-HMF with different feedstock in detail, emphatically discussing the solvent effect and its synergistic effect with other aspects. Besides, the future prospects and challenges for production of 5-HMF from carbohydrates were also presented, which provide a profound insight into industrial 5-HMF process with economic and environmental feature.

Improving Satellite-Retrieved Cloud Base Height with Ground-Based Cloud Radar Measurements

Cloud base height(CBH) is a crucial parameter for cloud radiative effect estimates, climate change simulations, and aviation guidance. However, due to the limited information on cloud vertical structures included in passive satellite radiometer observations, few operational satellite CBH products are currently available. This study presents a new method for retrieving CBH from satellite radiometers. The method first uses the combined measurements of satellite radiometers and ground-based cloud radars to develop a lookup table(LUT) of effective cloud water content(ECWC), representing the vertically varying cloud water content. This LUT allows for the conversion of cloud water path to cloud geometric thickness(CGT), enabling the estimation of CBH as the difference between cloud top height and CGT. Detailed comparative analysis of CBH estimates from the state-of-the-art ECWC LUT are conducted against four ground-based millimeter-wave cloud radar(MMCR) measurements, and results show that the mean bias(correlation coefficient) is0.18±1.79 km(0.73), which is lower(higher) than 0.23±2.11 km(0.67) as derived from the combined measurements of satellite radiometers and satellite radar-lidar(i.e., Cloud Sat and CALIPSO). Furthermore, the percentages of the CBH biases within 250 m increase by 5% to 10%, which varies by location. This indicates that the CBH estimates from our algorithm are more consistent with ground-based MMCR measurements. Therefore, this algorithm shows great potential for further improvement of the CBH retrievals as ground-based MMCR are being increasingly included in global surface meteorological observing networks, and the improved CBH retrievals will contribute to better cloud radiative effect estimates.

Peak structure in the interlayer conductance of Moirésuperlattices

We investigate the peak structure in the interlayer conductance of Moirésuperlattices using a tunneling theory wedeveloped previously.The theoretical results predict that,due to the resonance of two different partial waves,the doublepeakstructure can appear in the curve of the interlayer conductance versus twist angle.Furthermore,we study the influencesof the model parameters,i.e.,the chemical potential of electrodes,the thickness of Moirésuperlattice,and the strength ofinterface potential,on the peak structure of the interlayer conductance.In particular,the parameter dependence of the peakstructure is concluded via a phase diagram,and the physical meanings of the phase diagram is formulized.Finally,thepotential applications of the present work is discussed.

Initial Experience of NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Surgery in Foot and Ankle Surgery

Optical imaging in the second near-infrared(NIR-II;900-1880 nm)window is currently a popular research topic in the field of biomedical imaging.This study aimed to explore the application value of NIR-II fluorescence imaging in foot and ankle surgeries.A lab-established NIR-II fluorescence surgical navigation system was developed and used to navigate foot and ankle surgeries which enabled obtaining more high-spatial-frequency information and a higher signal-to-background ratio(SBR)in NIR-II fluorescence images compared to NIR-I fluorescence images;our result demonstrates that NIR-II imaging could provide higher-contrast and larger-depth images to surgeons.Three types of clinical application scenarios(diabetic foot,calcaneal fracture,and lower extremity trauma)were included in this study.Using the NIR-II fluorescence imaging technique,we observed the ischemic region in the diabetic foot before morphological alterations,accurately determined the boundary of the ischemic region in the surgical incision,and fully assessed the blood supply condition of the flap.NIR-II fluorescence imaging can help surgeons precisely judge surgical margins,detect ischemic lesions early,and dynamically trace the perfusion process.We believe that portable and reliable NIR-II fluorescence imaging equipment and additional functional fluorescent probes can play crucial roles in precision surgery.

The Impact of Bias Row Noise to Photometric Accuracy:Case Study Based on a Scientific CMOS Detector

We tested a new model of CMOS detector manufactured by the Gpixel Inc,for potential space astronomical application.In laboratory,we obtain some bias images under the typical application environment.In these bias images,clear random row noise pattern is observed.The row noise also contains some characteristic spatial frequencies.We quantitatively estimated the impact of this feature to photometric measurements,by making simulated images.We compared different bias noise types under strict parameter control.The result shows the row noise will significantly deteriorate the photometric accuracy.It effectively increases the readout noise by a factor of2-10.However,if it is properly removed,the image quality and photometric accuracy will be significantly improved.

The Velocity Aberration Effect of the CSST Main Survey Camera

In this study,we conducted simulations to find the geometric aberrations expected for images taken by the Main Survey Camera of the Chinese Space Station Telescope(CSST)due to its motion.As anticipated by previous work,our findings indicate that the geometric distortion of light impacts the focal plane's apparent scale,with a more pronounced influence as the size of the focal plane increases.Our models suggest that the effect consistently influences the pixel scale in both the vertical and parallel directions.The apparent scale variation follows a sinusoidal distribution throughout one orbital period.Simulations reveal that the effect is particularly pronounced in the center of the Galaxy and gradually diminishes along the direction of ecliptic latitude.At low ecliptic latitudes,the total aberration leads to about a 0.94 pixel offset(a 20 minute exposure)and a 0.26 pixel offset(a 300 s exposure)at the edge of the field of view.Appropriate processings for the geometric effect during the CSST pre-and post-observation phases are presented.

Starlet:Network defense resource allocation with multi-armed bandits for cloud-edge crowd sensing in IoT

The cloud platform has limited defense resources to fully protect the edge servers used to process crowd sensing data in Internet of Things.To guarantee the network's overall security,we present a network defense resource allocation with multi-armed bandits to maximize the network's overall benefit.Firstly,we propose the method for dynamic setting of node defense resource thresholds to obtain the defender(attacker)benefit function of edge servers(nodes)and distribution.Secondly,we design a defense resource sharing mechanism for neighboring nodes to obtain the defense capability of nodes.Subsequently,we use the decomposability and Lipschitz conti-nuity of the defender's total expected utility to reduce the difference between the utility's discrete and continuous arms and analyze the difference theoretically.Finally,experimental results show that the method maximizes the defender's total expected utility and reduces the difference between the discrete and continuous arms of the utility.

Structural and Ferroelectric Transition in Few-Layer HfO_(2) Films by First Principles Calculations

The discovery of ferroelectricity in HfO_(2)-based materials with high dielectric constant has inspired tremendous research interest for next-generation electronic devices.Importantly,films structure and strain are key factors in exploration of ferroelectricity in fluorite-type oxide HfO_(2) films.Here we investigate the structures and straininduced ferroelectric transition in different phases of few-layer HfO_(2) films(layer number𝑁=1–5).It is found that HfO_(2) films for all phases are more stable with increasing films thickness.Among them,the Pmn2_(1)(110)-oriented film is most stable,and the films of𝑁=4,5 occur with a𝑃21 ferroelectric transition under tensile strain,resulting in polarization about 11.8μC/cm^(2) along in-plane𝑎-axis.The ferroelectric transition is caused by the strain,which induces the displacement of Hf and O atoms on the surface to non-centrosymmetric positions away from the original paraelectric positions,accompanied by the change of surface Hf–O bond lengths.More importantly,three new stable HfO_(2)2D structures are discovered,together with analyses of computed electronic structures,mechanical,and dielectric properties.This work provides guidance for theoretical and experimental study of the new structures and strain-tuned ferroelectricity in freestanding HfO_(2) films.

All-sky Guide Star Catalog for CSST

The China Space Station Telescope(CSST)is a two-meter space telescope with multiple back-end instruments.The Fine Guidance Sensor(FGS)is an essential subsystem of the CSST Precision Image Stability System to ensure the required absolute pointing accuracy and line-of-sight stabilization.In this study,we construct the Main Guide Star Catalog for FGS.To accomplish this,we utilize the information about the FGS and object information from the Gaia Data Release 3.We provide an FGS instrument magnitude and exclude variables,binaries,and high proper motion stars from the catalog to ensure uniform FGS guidance capabilities.Subsequently,we generate a HEALPix index,which provides a hierarchical tessellation of the celestial sphere,and employ the Voronoi algorithm to achieve a homogeneous distribution of stars across the catalog.This distribution ensures adequate coverage and sampling of the sky.The performance of the CSST guide star catalog was assessed by simulating the field of view of the FGS according to the CSST mock survey strategy catalog.The analysis of the results indicates that this catalog provides adequate coverage and accuracy.The catalog's performance meets the FGS requirements,ensuring the functioning of the FGS and its guidance capabilities.

TCM-HIN2Vec:A strategy for uncovering biological basis of heart qi deficiency pattern based on network embedding and transcriptomic experiment

Objective:To elucidate the biological basis of the heart qi deficiency(HQD)pattern,an in-depth understanding of which is essential for improving clinical herbal therapy.Methods: We predicted and characterized HQD pattern genes using the new strategy,TCM-HIN2Vec,which involves heterogeneous network embedding and transcriptomic experiments.First,a heterogeneous network of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)patterns was constructed using public databases.Next,we predicted HQD pattern genes using a heterogeneous network-embedding algorithm.We then analyzed the functional characteristics of HQD pattern genes using gene enrichment analysis and examined gene expression levels using RNA-seq.Finally,we identified TCM herbs that demonstrated enriched interactions with HQD pattern genes via herbal enrichment analysis.Results: Our TCM-HIN2Vec strategy revealed that candidate genes associated with HQD pattern were significantly enriched in energy metabolism,signal transduction pathways,and immune processes.Moreover,we found that these candidate genes were significantly differentially expressed in the transcriptional profile of mice model with heart failure with a qi deficiency pattern.Furthermore,herbal enrichment analysis identified TCM herbs that demonstrated enriched interactions with the top 10 candidate genes and could potentially serve as drug candidates for treating HQD.Conclusion: Our results suggested that TCM-HIN2Vec is capable of not only accurately identifying HQD pattern genes,but also deciphering the basis of HQD pattern.Furthermore our finding indicated that TCM-HIN2Vec may be further expanded to develop other patterns,leading to a new approach aimed at elucidating general TCM patterns and developing precision medicine.

丙型肝炎的诊疗进展

丙型肝炎(丙肝)是由丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)引起的一种常见传染病,2019年全球有慢性HCV感染者5800万人,29万人死于HCV感染引起的肝硬化,2019年全球新发感染者约150万人.丙肝危害严重,早发现、早诊断、早治疗在其中起到重要意义.因此,本文作者总结了丙肝的诊断、治疗方法.丙肝的诊断需结合流行病学史、临床表现和实验室检查等进行.应根据基因型、肝脏损伤严重程度、适应症和禁忌症等选择合适的方案.

从枢纽站升级到站城一体更新——深圳黄木岗项目的站城一体核心思路

本文介绍了日建设计在日本与中国参与的站城一体化城市开发案例,探讨了未来轨道建设和城市更新相结合的发展方向。在深圳黄木岗枢纽项目中,借鉴了日本东京涩谷站城市更新的开发经验,实现了以轨道车站等市政设施重建为引擎的城市更新机制,主动引导周边街区的改造,通过多方合作推动整个城市更新。其中,回顾其融合日本城市开发经验与中国城市建设的实际情况,分析了因地制宜的规划调整,对该项目的未来发展进行了展望。

原发性获得性鼻泪管阻塞对泪膜及眼表的影响

目的:利用LipiView眼表面干涉仪和Keratograph 5M眼前节分析仪观察原发性获得性鼻泪管阻塞(PANDO)对泪膜及眼表的影响。方法:自身对照临床试验研究。将2021-09/2022-03我科收治的单侧PANDO且病程在6mo以上的患者40例纳入研究,以健眼作为对照。采用LipiView眼表面干涉仪和Keratograph 5M眼前节分析仪测量并分析双眼泪膜及眼表相关参数的差异。结果:纳入患者患眼非侵入性泪河高度(NITMH)、刺激后NITMH、上睑板腺缺失率、鼻颞侧睫状眼红指数、颞侧结膜眼红指数均高于健眼(P<0.05),但双眼非侵入性泪膜破裂时间(NIBUT)、下睑板腺缺失率、鼻侧结膜眼红指数、干眼分级、眨眼次数、不完全眨眼率、泪膜脂质层厚度(LLT)均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:PANDO可能导致眼表炎症加重及上睑板腺缺失,损害患者眼表健康,应重视早期PANDO的治疗。

基于LSTM-BO和SPRT的风电机组故障演化过程分析

有效挖掘故障演化的过程有利于分析和总结故障传播规律。本文提出了基于LSTM-BO模型和SPRT算法,利用SCADA历史数据研究风电机组早期故障演化过程的分析方法。首先使用Pearson相关系数法挖掘SCADA数据各监测变量之间的映射关系,获得LSTM-BO网络所需的输入—输出关系对;其次是依赖LSTM网络强大的时序特征提取能力,将预处理后的SCADA数据送入LSTM网络进行训练,从而得到相应的正常行为模型;最后,依赖SPRT在序贯测试方面的优势,将各监测变量模型预测值与实际监测值之间的偏差看作序贯测试的对象,并对其测试结果进行滑动窗口观测,以异常点数目占观测窗口宽度的比值为度量指标,得到SCADA数据部分重要监测变量在故障发生前的演化过程。实例分析结果表明,所提方法能够有效提取故障演化的过程,为后续演化规律的分析提供指导。