Integration of morphology and electronic structure modulation on cobalt phosphide nanosheets to boost photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from ammonia borane hydrolysis

The controllable and safe hydrogen storage technologies are widely recognized as the main bottleneck for the accomplishment of sustainable hydrogen energy.Ammonia borane(AB)has regarded as a competitive candidate for chemical hydrogen storage.However,developing efficient yet high-performance catalysts towards hydrogen evolution from AB hydrolysis remains an enormous challenge.Herein,cobalt phosphide nanosheets are synthesized by a facile salt-assisted along with low-temperature phosphidation strategy for simultaneously modulating its morphology and electronic structure,and function as hydrogen evolution photocatalysts.Impressively,the Co_(2)P nanosheets display extraordinary performance with a record high turnover frequency of 44.9 min^(-1),outperforming most of the noble-metal-free catalysts reported to date.This remarkable performance is attributed to its desired nanosheets structure,featuring with high specific surface area,abundant exposed active sites,and short charge diffusion paths.Our findings provide a novel strategy for regulating metal phosphides with desired phase structure and morphology for energy-related applications and beyond.

基于Lasso回归的老年股骨颈骨折关节置换术后谵妄预测模型的构建

目的 分析老年股骨颈骨折关节置换术后谵妄的危险因素,并构建Nomogram预测模型。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年12月于烟台市烟台山医院接受关节置换术的195例65岁以上股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料。记录患者的一般基线资料、血常规检查、炎症相关指标、生化检查指标、凝血与D-二聚体指标及动脉血气分析指标。根据术后是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组与非谵妄组,计算谵妄发病率;利用最小绝对收缩选择算子(Lasso)回归和多因素Logistic回归分析术后谵妄的危险因素并建立Nomogram预测模型。结果 老年股骨颈骨折关节置换术后谵妄率为16.4%。LassoLogistic回归模型显示,性别[OR=0.16,95%CI(0.06,0.44)]、手术方式[OR=3.26,95%CI(1.02,10.37)]、白蛋白[OR=1.19,95%CI(1.03,1.38)]为术后谵妄的独立危险因素。预测模型的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.833,提示Nomogram预测模型有较好的预测能力、精准度。结论 性别、年龄、手术方式、白蛋白是术后谵妄独立风险因素。Nomogram预测模型能够方便地进行术后谵妄风险预测。

Role of nanoparticle-mediated immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy

An essential concept of cancer immunotherapy is that immunogenic cell death(ICD),characterized by the release of tumor-associated antigens(TAAs)and tumor-specific antigens(TSAs)like neoantigens,danger-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),and pro-inflammatory cytokines,facilitates the presentation of TAAs and TSAs to adaptive immune cells,eliciting an emerging or reinstating a pre-existing anti-cancer immune response.

Effect of adenovirus-mediated brain derived neurotrophic factor in early retinal neuropathy of diabetes in rats

AIMTo observe effect of adenovirus-mediated brain derived neurotrophic factor in early retinal neuropathy of diabetes in rats.

Hospital based epidemiological study for diabetic retinopathy:study design and preliminary results

AIM: To describe the design and preliminary results of the hospital based epidemiological study for diabetic retinopathy (HBESDR), an ongoing epidemiological study to estimate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to elucidate the clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and any other risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Totally 2000 diabetes will be recruited from the Diabetes eye clinic in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. All subjects underwent blood sugar estimation and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test to diagnose diabetes. All diabetes would undergo complete questionnaire, a comprehensive eye examination. Blood and urine would be collected for biochemical investigations. All fundus photographs for any DR will be graded. Participants who need treatment will be sent to the ophthalmic clinic and follow-up interval program for all subjects will be suggested. A computerized database is created for the records. RESULTS: To date, 1174 diabetes have been recruited, there were 350 (29.81%) DR in all diabetes, most of them were with mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (139, 39.71%); 71 (20.29%) moderate NPDR, 66 (18.86%) severe NPDR, 74 (21.14%) proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Females, longer duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes and hypertension had a statistically significant increase in risk of any DR. CONCLUSION: The study is expected to provide an estimate of the overall prevalence of DR and the prevalence with different duration of diabetes and also a better understanding of the risk factors associated with DR.

Whole-brain radiation therapy alone vs. combined therapy with stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of limited brain metastases: A systematic review

Objective The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT) used alone and combined with stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) in the treatment of limited(1–4)brain metastases. Methods We searched for randomized controlled and matched-pair analysis trials comparing WBRT plus SRS versus WBRT alone for brain metastases. The primary outcomes were the overall survival(OS), intracranial control(IC), and localcontrol(LC). The secondary outcome was radiation toxicity. The log hazard ratios(lnHRs) and their variances were extracted from published Kaplan-Meier curves and pooled using the generic inverse variance method in the RevMan 5.3 software. The non-pooled outcome measures were evaluated using descriptive analysis. Results Three randomized controlled trials and two matched-pair analysis studies were included. There was no difference in the OS for limited brain metastases between the two groups [lnHR 0.91(95% CI 0.76–1.09, P = 0.32) vs. 0.72(95% CI 0.44–1.19, P = 0.20)]. The LC and IC were significantly higher in the combined treatment group [lnHR 0.69(95% CI 0.55–0.86, P = 0.001) vs. 0.41(95% CI 0.29–0.58, P < 0.0001)]. For patients with a single lesion, one trial showed a higher survival in the combined treatment group(median OS: 6.5 months vs. 4.9 months, P = 0.04). The combined treatment was not associated with significantly higher incidence of radiation toxicity. Conclusion Combined treatment with WBRT plus SRS should be recommended for patients with limited brain metastases based on the better LC and IC without increased toxicity. It should also be considered a routine treatment option for patients with solitary brain metastases based on the prolonged OS.

Insulin exerts direct, IGF-1 independent actions in growth plate chondrocytes

Insufficient insulin production or action in diabetic states is associated with growth retardation and impaired bone healing, while the underling mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we sought to define the role of insulin signaling in the growth plate. Insulin treatment of embryonic metatarsal bones from wild-type mice increased chondrocyte proliferation. Mice lacking insulin receptor （IR） selectively in chondrocytes （CartIR-/-） had no discernable differences in total femoral length compared to control littermates. However, CartIR-/- mice exhibited an increase in chondrocyte numbers in the growth plate than that of the controls. Chondrocytes lacking IR had elevated insulin-like growth factor （IGF）-IR mRNA and protein levels. Subsequently, IGF-1 induced phosphorylafion of Akt and ERK was enhanced, while this action was eliminated when the cells were treated with IGF-1R inhibitor Picropodophyllin. Deletion of the IR impaired chondrogenic differentiation, and the effect could not be restored by treatment of insulin, but partially rescued by IGF-1 treatment. Intriguingly, the size of hypertrophic chondrocytes was smaller in CartIR-/- mice when compared with that of the control littermates, which was associated with upregnlation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 （TSC2）. These results suggest that deletion of the IR in chondrocytes sensitizes IGF-1R signaling and action, IR and IGF-1R coordinate to regulate the proliferation, differentiation and hypertrophy of growth plate chondrocytes.

高灵敏太赫兹阵列检测器的低噪声读出电路

本文基于Nb5N6微测辐射热计(microbolometer)低噪声、高阻抗和高响应率的特性,为1 &#215;64阵列的Nb5N6 microbolometer设计了极低噪声的多通道读出电路。读出电路包含直流偏置电路,一、二级放大电路和多通道选择电路等几个部分,对检测器阻抗变化具有较强的鲁棒性,成功实现对64通道的微弱电压信号的放大和采集。电路具有优异的低噪性能,测量且分析比较了电路噪声对Nb5N6 microbolometer的影响。电路单通道输入阻抗达100 kΩ,增益约为60 dB,带宽约为30 kHz,噪声约为8.6 nV/Hz1/2。

Expressions of survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor in a Murine model of proliferative retinopathy

AIM: To examine the expression of survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during the development of retinal neovascularization (NV) in a mouse model. METHODS: A well-characterized murine model of retinal NV was used to study the expression of survivin and VEGF. NV of the retina was induced in mice by exposure to 75% O-2 from postnatal day P7 to P12, followed by return to room air from P12 to P17. Expression of survivin and VEGF protein was analyzed by Immunohistochemistry. In addition, mouse model of proliferative retinopathy was analyzed by retinal fluorescein angiography and quantification analysis. RESULTS: The normal mice had both superfiekal and deep vascular layers that extended from the optic nerve to the periphery. In intraocular pressure (IOP) mice were characterized by represent a typical pattern of pathological retinal NV. There are less or little nuclei of new vessels vascular endothelial cell breaking through the inner retinal than in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) mice, large clusters of blood vessels were adherent to the internal limiting membrane(ILM) (0.27 +/- 0.20 vs23.38 +/- 1.027, t=9.454, P <0.001). During the angiogenic period from P13 to P17, survivin and VEGF protein expression increased in experimental retinas compared with control samples (2.56 +/- 0.46 vs 3.34 +/- 0.40, t=17.43, P <0.01: 2.18 +/- 0.75 vs 4.34 +/- 0.25, t=19.61, P<0.01). Protein levels of VEGF and survivn has significantly positive correlation(P<0.05, r=0.411). CONCLUSION: Correlation was made at the protein levels of survivin expression compared with that of VEGF in a murine model of retinal NV, which suggests a temporal role for survivin and VEGF in new vessel formation in response to hypoxic stimulation.

Establishment of Real-Time Fluorescent PCR Method for Detection of D Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease of Deer

Epizootie hemorrhagic disease of deer virus (EHDV), is a member of the family Reoviridae virus (Orbi virus), and a double-stranded RNA virus from arthropods (mainly Culicoides), which is very similar in morphology and structure to Blue tongue virus (BTV). Serologically, there is a clear cross between the blue tongue virus and EHDV. EHD (caused by EHDV) is a seasonal, non-contact viral infectious disease. Under natural conditions, EHDV can cause infection of cattle, sheep and other domestic animals as well as many domesticated and wild ruminants such as white tail deer, Mi, large horned antelope and so on. The virus has been isolated from white-tailed deer, black-tailed deer, sheep, goats, cattle, bison and Culicoides. White tail deer infection is the most serious, and clinical characteristics are transient elevated body temperature, symptoms of shock, mucosal, serous bleeding and death in a coma [1]. At present, there is no effective vaccine and treatment for this disease. To control and eliminate EHD, it is necessary to spend a lot of manpower and material resources. Export trade is restricted, which brings great economic losses to the countries with EHD epidemic. Moreover, because of the complexity of antigen structure and the diversity of clinical symptoms of EHDV, it is difficult to diagnose in laboratory. Therefore, developing a quick and precise laboratory diagnostic method becomes more and more significant among researchers.

A compact multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array supporting gigabit space-to-ground communications

Classical and quantum space-to-ground communications necessitate highly sensitive receivers capable of extracting information from modulated photons to extend the communication distance from near-earth orbits to deep space explorations.To achieve gigabit data rates while mitigating strong background noise photons and beam drift in a highly attenuated free-space channel,a comprehensive design of a multi-functional detector is indispensable.In this study,we present an innovative compact multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array that integrates near-unity detection efficiency(91.6%),high photon counting rate(1.61 Gcps),large dynamic range for resolving different photon numbers(1-24),and four-quadrant position sensing function all within one device.Furthermore,we have constructed a communication testbed to validate the advantages offered by such an architecture.Through 8-PPM(pulse position modulation)format communication experiments,we have achieved an impressive maximum data rate of 1.5 Gbps,demonstrating sensitivities surpassing previous benchmarks at respective speeds.By incorporating photon number information into error correction codes,the receiver can tolerate maximum background noise levels equivalent to 0.8 photons/slot at a data rate of 120 Mbps—showcasing a great potential for daylight operation scenarios.Additionally,preliminary beam tracking tests were conducted through open-loop scanning techniques,which revealed clear quantitative dependence indicating sensitivity variations based on beam location.Based on the device characterizations and communication results,we anticipate that this device architecture,along with its corresponding signal processing and coding techniques,will be applicable in future space-to-ground communication tasks.

Heterostructuring 2D Co_(2)P nanosheets with 0D CoP via a saltassisted strategy for boosting hydrogen evolution from ammonia borane hydrolysis

Ammonia borane(NH3BH3,AB)holds promise for chemical storage of hydrogen.However,designing superb and low-cost photocatalyst to drive hydrogen evolution from AB under visible light irradiation is highly desirable but remains a major challenge for promoting the practical utilization of AB.Herein,we demonstrated a heterostructure photocatalyst consisting of zerodimensional(0D)CoP nanoparticles immobilized on two-dimensional(2D)Co_(2)P nanosheets(CoP/Co_(2)Ps)as a high-performance and low-cost catalyst for hydrogen evolution from AB hydrolysis,in which 0D/2D heterostructure was synthesized using the saltinduced phase transformation strategy.Interestingly,the optimized CoP/Co_(2)Ps exhibit a robust H_(2) evolution rate of 32.1 L∙min^(−1)∙g_(Co)^(−1),corresponding to a turnover frequency(TOF)value of 64.1 min^(−1),being among the highest TOF for non-noblemetal catalysts ever reported,even outperforming some precious metal catalysts.This work not only opens a new avenue to accelerate hydrogen evolution from AB by regulating the electronic structures of heterointerfaces,but also provides a novel strategy for the construction of precious-metal-free materials for hydrogen-related energy catalysis in the future.

以问题解决为导向的微课知识地图构建研究

近年来,利用知识地图对微课进行组织的研究逐渐增多,但大多停留在构建不同学科知识地图组织微课这种横向层面的研究上。本研究提出以问题解决为导向构建知识地图组织微课的路径,以认知负荷理论和格拉泽问题解决支持三阶段论为理论基础,首先选择了流程型知识地图,然后提出以问题解决为导向的知识地图的要素、构建原则、构建模式和构建流程,以及支持微课学习的知识地图功能与策略:组织策略、关联策略、引导策略、定位策略、提示策略和呈现策略。以问题解决为导向的微课知识地图构建研究从问题解决的角度纵向拓展了研究的新路径,使学习者在问题解决过程中学习微课,也通过微课学习如何解决问题。

Dual-lens beam compression for optical coupling in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

The optical coupling of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors （SNSPDs） has always been restricted to a single-mode fiber for a limited detection area. In this study, for enhancing photon coupling, a dual-lens system operating at 2.2 K was used to compress the beam size on the basis of the Gaussian beam theory and geometric approximation. A magnification of approximately 0.3 was obtained, and a focused spot with diameter of approximately 10 ~m was measured from a multimode fiber. Assisted with the compressed beam, a system efficiency of 55 % （1550 nm） was achieved for a SNSPD with a detection area of 10 μm × 10 μm and 62.5 pm multimode fiber coupling. At the same time, a high speed of 106 MHz was measured with the proposed system. The realization of a highly compressed optical beam reduced the optical coupling requirement and helped maintain a high speed for the SNSPD.

Temperature dependence of niobium superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors in He-3 cryocooler

Performances of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs) based on low TCmaterials strongly depend on the operating temperatures. We have fabricated infrared-sensitive niobium SNSPDs based on doped niobium(Nb*) films and measured them in He-3cryocooler. The critical current approaches to the de-pairing current at 0.3 K. Therefore, with the decrease in temperatures, we have observed a monotonous increase of count rate at the wavelength of 1,521 nm and exponential decrease of dark count rate at all bias currents. The possible origin of dark counts for doped Nb devices is also discussed.

Jahn-Teller distortion assisted interstitial nitrogen engineering:Enhanced oxygen dehydrogenation activity of N-doped Mn_(x)Co_(3-x)O_(4) hierarchical micro-nano particles

Rational design of earth-abundant transition metal oxides catalysts is highly desirable for developing sustainable chemical processes.Herein,we demonstrate a prospective interstitial nitrogen engineering for fabricating oxygen vacancies(OVs)-rich nitrogen-doped-Mn_(x)Co_(3-x)O_(4)(N-Mn_(x)Co_(3-x)O_(4))oxide catalyst,in which the ratio of OVs concentration of N-Mn_(x)Co_(3-x)O_(4)to Mn species is as high as 1:1,according to the characterizations of X-ray absorption(XAS)and X-ray photoelectron(XPS)spectroscopies.The promising strategy of interstitial nitrogen engineering through lattice distortion caused by the Jahn-Teller effect can significantly increase the amount of interstitial nitrogen.The resulting catalyst enables an additive-free aerobic dehydrogenation coupling of aromatic amine to afford azo compounds with>99%yield and>99%selectivity at 60☆.We observed the superb catalytic activity is promoted by the enhanced oxygen mobility in OVs,which were created by the interstitial nitrogen in the catalyst matrix.The presence of interstitial nitrogen in transition metal oxides in this study shows how the manipulation of catalyst matrix can increase the OV sites to promote aerobic oxidation reaction.

Wideband cryogenic amplifier for a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

We present a low-power inductorless wideband differential cryogenic amplifier using a 0.13-μm Si Ge Bi CMOS process for a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector(SNSPD).With a shunt-shunt feedback and capacitive coupling structure,theoretical analysis and simulations were undertaken,highlighting the relationship of the amplifier gain with the tunable design parameters of the circuit.In this way,the design and optimization flexibility can be increased,and a required gain can be achieved even without an accurate cryogenic device model.To realize a flat terminal impedance over the frequency of interest,an RC shunt compensation structure was employed,improving the amplifier’s closed-loop stability and suppressing the amplifier overshoot.The S-parameters and transient performance were measured at room temperature(300 K)and cryogenic temperature(4.2 K).With good input and output matching,the measurement results showed that the amplifier achieved a 21-d B gain with a 3-d B bandwidth of 1.13 GHz at 300 K.At 4.2 K,the gain of the amplifier can be tuned from 15 to 24 d B,achieving a 3-d B bandwidth spanning from 120 k Hz to 1.3 GHz and consuming only 3.1 m W.Excluding the chip pads,the amplifier chip core area was only about 0.073 mm^(2).

A REVIEW ON RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENT OF LIGAMENT CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS ON MACRO, MESO, AND MICRO LEVELS

Ligaments are densely connective soft tissues capable of maintaining stability and function of knee joint.As an important factor,the constitutive relation of ligament would affect its biomechanics and further play an essential role in the research on ligament injury,healing and treatment.The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current research on ligament constitutive relations on the macro,meso,and micro levels as well as the anatomy and histological structure of ligament.Some studies of biomechanical behaviors during ligament injury and healing periods have also been investigated.Based on the research on ligament constitutive relation in the past three decades,a discussion of some research perspectives is also presented,such as a validated accurate measuring method of in situ strain in ligament,a new constitutive relation involving the distribution of ultra-structural properties,and a rational estimation of ligament injury and healing process by the change of its ultra-structural or histological characteristics.

Secretions from hypochlorous acid-treated tumor cells delivered in a melittin hydrogel potentiate cancer immunotherapy

Autologous tumor cells and cell-derived secretions(CDS)can induce antitumor immune responses.The conditions in which cells are cultured and treated impact CDS,and cellular insults alter their composition and function.In this study,we generated CDS from tumor cells exposed to normal culture conditions,hypoxia,cisplatin,radiotherapy,photodynamic therapy,or hypochlorous acid(HOCl).In vitro HOCl-CDS showed the strongest stimulatory effects on dendritic cells and macrophages compared to CDS generated by hypoxia,cisplatin,radiotherapy or photodynamic therapy.To improve HOCl-CDS activity at the tumor site,we loaded HOCl-CDS into a melittin-encapsulated hydrogel scaffold.When injected intratumorally,the HOCl-CDS hydrogel promoted tumor cell death,cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration,and tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming towards an M1 phenotype.The hydrogel inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma.Furthermore,hydrogel-delivered HOCl-CDS augmented the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint blockade.These results underscore the importance of the CDS generation method and delivery approach for improving cancer immunotherapy.

Revealing efficient catalytic performance of N-CuO_(x) for aerobic oxidative coupling of aliphatic alkynes:A Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction mechanism

O_(x)idative couplings of aliphatic alkynes are crucial for the production of naturally occurring 1,3-diynes.Herein we report the novel approach for effective synthesis of unsaturated coordinated N doped copper oxides(N-CuO_(x))catalyst,and uncover that N-CuO_(x) catalyst as an additive-free and cost-effective heterogeneous catalyst has highly catalytic performance for directly oxidative coupling of aliphatic alkynes.The key to achieve efficient oxidative coupling of aliphatic alkynes is the synergistic effect of N species and uncoordinated O/Cu species caused by N dopants,which undergoes the Langmuir–Hinshelwood reaction mechanism.The N-CuO_(x) catalyst displays~89.1%yield for hexadeca-7,9-diyne under mild conditions and stable reusability(5 cycles),showing significant advances compared with the traditionally copper oxides.These findings highlight the heteroatom dopants that provide a new methodology for designing efficient copper catalysts in synthesis of naturally occurring 1,3-diynes.