我国药品说明书可读性评价体系的构建

目的构建符合我国患者需求的药品说明书可读性评价体系,为提高我国药品说明书可读性提供科学依据。方法运用文献研究法、专家咨询法构建药品说明书可读性的评价指标集,通过层次分析法确定评价体系的指标权重,构建药品说明书可读性评价体系,并以醋酸地塞米松乳膏的药品说明书为例,运用问卷调查法和模糊综合评价法对评价体系进行实证检验。结果建立的药品说明书可读性评价体系包含文字表达、数值应用、内容设计、行为建议、排版设计5个一级指标,以及通俗易懂的词语、长度合适的句子等17个二级指标。该体系的信效度检验均符合要求。100位受访者对醋酸地塞米松乳膏的药品说明书可读性的评分为4.24分,为良好。结论本研究建立的说明书可读性评价体系可用于评估我国药品说明书的质量和可读性。

新规则视域下竞技健美操艺术评判演变的研究

在FIG竞技健美操新旧周期规则更替的契机下,以艺术评判为研究对象,查阅有关竞技健美操艺术规则、成套创编等相关的文献资料作为理论支撑。采用文献资料法、对比分析法等,发现新规则更加强调编排元素的多元化,且对成套的艺术表现提出了更高的要求,主要体现在操化动作、主体内容、成套艺术性、成套艺术表演这4个维度中,可以从基础素质训练、动作符号的展现、审美意识传达等方面进行实操性的培养,帮助运动员创编并呈现更好的艺术作品,体现项目艺术性。

多层螺旋CT在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结术前评估中的价值

目的分析多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结术前评估中的价值。方法选取乳腺癌患者50例,均行MSCT检查,评估其是否发生淋巴结转移,并结合病理结果分为转移组、未转移组,评估淋巴结大小、淋巴结形态、淋巴门结构与转移的关系,分析MSCT诊断效能。结果 MSCT检查发现腋窝淋巴结转移阳性46枚,阴性49枚,病理检查发现腋窝淋巴结转移41枚,未转移54枚。病理阳性患者MSCT图像显示淋巴门为偏向一侧的低密度区,形状为圆形且无脂肪组织。转移组MSCT长径≥10 mm、短径≥5 mm、长短径比值≤2比例显著高于未转移组(P <0. 01);转移组MSCT腋窝淋巴结门实变或消失、淋巴结门结构厚度不均匀比例显著高于未转移组(P <0. 05); MSCT评估腋窝淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、Kappa值分别为92. 68%、85. 19%、88. 42%、0. 767,ROC曲线下面积为0. 895。结论 MSCT可依据长径、短径、长短径比值及淋巴结门结构对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结进行术前评价,且诊断效能较高。

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影在诊断冠状动脉狭窄中的价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(64-DSCTCA)在诊断冠状动脉狭窄中的价值。方法选取100例疑似冠状动脉狭窄患者为研究对象,均行64-DSCTCA扫描检查和冠状动脉导管造影(ICA)检查,以ICA诊断为金标准,评估64-DSCTCA扫描检查诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确率,并分析64-DSCTCA与ICA诊断冠状动脉狭窄程度的一致性。结果 100例疑似冠状动脉狭窄患者经ICA诊断阳性者98例,经64-DSCTCA扫描检查阳性者90例。以ICA为金标准,64-DSCTCA扫描检查诊断冠状动脉狭窄的灵敏度为90. 82%、特异度为50. 00%、准确度为90. 00%;经64-DSCTCA与ICA扫描检查,98例确诊冠状动脉狭窄患者中共有4例狭窄程度评估结果不一致,64-DSCTCA与ICA诊断冠状动脉狭窄程度的一致性为95. 92%(94/98)。结论 64-DSCTCA扫描技术在冠状动脉狭窄诊断中准确率较高,可有效鉴别冠状动脉狭窄程度。

基于损伤过程耦合的断层空间滞后突水分析

为了研究过断层破碎带空间上滞后突水问题,围岩变形破坏全过程应力渗透耦合模型被应用于涌水及稳定性分析。试验获得的岩石渗透率应变演化全过程曲线被进行三次样条插值平滑处理,得到不同岩性的流固耦合函数模型,并嵌入到COMSOL Multiphysics中进行计算。模拟结果表明:基于试验曲线的流固耦合模型计算得到的扰动范围更大,在断层外影响范围为25 m;巷道掘进过程中,工作面拱肩部位更易形成涌水;裂隙带对于巷道开挖过的影响范围为通过裂隙带前后40 m,过裂隙带后突水风险达到最大;滞后突水时间为1.2到2.5 d,并且与地层中应力场、渗流场分布有关。通过本文研究,利用试验曲线建立的渗流耦合模型获得了断层空间滞后突水机制,修正了滞后突水发生的可能位置和加固范围。

Stress evolution and support mechanism of a bolt anchored in a rock mass with a weak interlayer

By applying experimental method, the bolt stress and supporting mechanism is studied during the deformation process of a rock mass containing a weak interlayer. The force measuring bolt is installed manually and instrumented five pairs of symmetrical strain gauges. The experimental results show that the fully grouted bolt suffers tensile, compressive, bending and shear stress at the same time. The bolt stress evolution is closely related to the deformation stages of the rock mass which are very gradually varying stage, gradually varying stage at the pre-peak and suddenly varying stage at the post peak stage.The axial compressive stress in the bolt is mainly induced by the moment. Thus, in most cases the axial compressive stress is distributed on one side of the bolt. For axial stresses, induced by the axial force and the bending moment at the post-peak stage, three types of changing are observed, viz. increasingincreasing type, decreasing-increasing type and increasing-decreasing type. The stress characteristics of the bolt section in the weak interlayer are significantly different from those in the hard rock. The failure models of the anchored bolt are tensile failure and shear failure, respectively. The bolt not only provides constraints on the free surface of the rock mass, but also resists the axial and lateral loading by the bending moment. This study provides valuable guidelines for bolting support design and its safety assessment.

Failure mechanism and stability control of a large section of very soft roadway surrounding rock shear slip

The measured data and simulation test phenomenon of surrounding rock deformation and failure at the project site indicate that shear failure which firstly occurs in surrounding rock, block slip and second shear failure are the root cause of deformation and damage of supporting structure of the surrounding rock at a large scale. We derived limit load of surrounding rock shear slip failure and reasonable support resistance of given load by means of shear slip line field theory, discussed the main factors which influence the limit load of surrounding rock. Shear slip line field and limit load of circular tunnel surrounding rock were obtained by means of physical simulation test, which agreed well with the theoretical analysis results. Based on the theoretical analysis and physical simulation test, the cause deformation and failure at large scale of Xinshanghai No. 1 coal mine big section ingate was analyzed, and the shear failure resistance and block slip in surrounding rock were proposed as the core technical supporting ideas. Proper range of supporting resistance which came from calculation was suggested. The support scheme which is mainly composed of large grouting anchor, sprayed anchor net support technique and full-face grille concrete finally ended the dilemma of repeated failure and mending of ingate and created critical conditions for smooth production in the coal mine.

Numerical simulations of failure behavior around a circular opening in a non-persistently jointed rock mass under biaxial compression

Pre-existing discontinuities change the mechanical properties of rock masses,and further influence failure behavior around an underground opening.In present study,the failure behavior in both Inner and Outer zones around a circular opening in a non-persistently jointed rock mass under biaxial compression was investigated through numerical simulations.First,the micro parameters of the PFC^(3D) model were carefully calibrated using the macro mechanical properties determined in physical experiments implemented on jointed rock models.Then,a parametrical study was undertaken of the effect of stress condition,joint dip angle and joint persistency.Under low initial stress,the confining stress improves the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock masses;while under high initial stress,the surrounding rock mass failed immediately following excavation.At small dip angles the cracks around the circular opening developed generally outwards in a step-path failure pattern;whereas,at high dip angles the surrounding rock mass failed in an instantaneous intact rock failure pattern.Moreover,the stability of the rock mass around the circular opening deteriorated significantly with increasing joint persistency.

岩土类研究生专业课程教学现状与“融研于教”教改思路初探

岩土类研究生专业课程具有内容繁杂、规范性强、理论与实践结合密切的特点,通过分析岩土类研究生专业课程教学现状及存在的问题,提出“融研于教”教学模式改革的必要性和紧迫性,探讨基于科研案例的岩土类研究生专业课程教学模式,包括科学研究成果的搜集与筛选、教学内容优化、教学方法改革及实施等,研究成果对提升岩土类研究生专业课程教学质量具有指导与借鉴意义。