药物性肝损伤发病机制及诊断标志物研究进展

药物性肝损伤(drug-induced liver injury,DILI)的发病机制复杂,涉及多种因素,迄今尚不十分明确,近年来学者们开展了许多关于DILI发病机制的相关研究.由于DILI其临床表现多样性且没有具体统一的诊断标准,因而增加了DILI诊断及治疗的复杂性.为加强对DILI的认识,本文总结了DILI的发病机制及诊断标志物的最近研究进展.

Energy partition in laser-induced cavitation bubbles near the rigid wall with a gas-containing hole

To investigate the energy partition in laser-induced cavitation bubbles near the rigid wall with a gas-containing hole,we utilized a nanosecond resolution photography system based on a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and conventional industrial camera to carefully observe the transient process of bubble collapse near the rigid wall with a gas-containing hole.We analyzed the generation of collapse microjets and the emission of collapse shock waves.We found that the cavitation bubble near the rigid wall with a gas-containing hole collapsed at different times and space,and produced various types of shock waves.Based on the far field pressure information of the shock waves measured by hydrophone,the energy of the shock waves generated by the bubble collapse near the rigid wall with a gas-containing hole is calculated for the first time.The results show that the ratio of collapse shock wave energy to bubble energy is approximately between 0.7 and 0.8.

Shortening the recipient warm ischemia time could be a strategy for expanding the liver donor pool

BACKGROUND Shortening the recipient warm ischemia time(rWIT)has been proven to be effective for improving the short-and long-term outcomes after liver transplantation(LT)and offsets the negative impact of an extended cold ischemia time.However,few studies have been conducted to explore the prognostic effects of shortening the rWIT in transplantations using a liver graft from an extendedcriteria donor(ECD).AIM To investigate whether shortening the rWIT could improve the outcomes of ECD LT.METHODS Rat ECD autologous orthotopic LT were performed with variable rWITs(0,10,20,and 30 minutes).Near-infrared fluorescence imaging(FI)was used for the real-time assessment of liver graft ischemia-reperfusion injury after the anhepatic phase.Survival was assessed,and liver function and histological analyses were performed on the third day after transplantation.RESULTS The FI curve growth rate and postoperative three-day survival rate significantly increased,and the liver function and Suzuki score of the liver grafts significantly improved when the rWIT was≤10 minutes(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The post-transplant outcomes were significantly better with a shorter rWIT(10 minutes or less)than with a longer rWIT,which could be a strategy for expanding the liver donor pool.

Establishment of age-and gender-specific pediatric reference intervals for liver function tests in healthy Han children

Background The development and growth of children influence values of liver function tests.This study aims to establish age-and gender-specific pediatric reference intervals of liver function among Han children in Changchun,China.Methods A total of 1394 healthy Han children,aged 2-14 years,were recruited from communities and schools with informed parental consent in Changchun.The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),y-glutamyltransferase(GGT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),total bilirubin(TBIL)and direct bilirubin(DBIL)were measured on Hitachi 7600-210 automatic biochemical analyzer.The age-and gender-specific reference intervals were partitioned using Harris and Boyd's test and calculated using nonparametric rank method.The pediatric reference intervals were validated in five representative hospitals located in different areas in Changchun.Results All the analytes required some levels of age partitioning.Proteins(TP,ALB)and bilirubins(TBIL,DBIL)required no gender partitioning.In contrast,considerable gender partitioning was required for serum ALT,AST,GGT,and ALP.TP,TBIL,and DBIL showed steady increases,and AST showed apparent decreases over time,whereas ALT,GGT,ALP,and ALB demonstrated complex trends of change.ALT and GGT increased sharply in males from 11 to 14 years old.However,ALP declined in females from 13 to 14 years.All five laboratories passed the validation of reference intervals.Conclusions There were apparent age or gender variations of the reference intervals for liver function.When establishing pediatric reference intervals,partitioning according to age and gender is necessary.

Investigation of cavitation erosion caused by laser-induced single bubble collapse near alloy coating surface

To investigate the mechanism of cavitation erosion caused by laser-induced single bubble near the surface coating alloy coating material, we utilized a nanosecond resolution photography system based on a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser and conventional industrial camera to carefully observe the transient process of bubble collapse under different conditions. We analyzed the generation of collapse microjets and the emission of collapse shock waves and explored the cavitation erosion characteristics caused by laser-induced single bubble collapse. We discovered that even on surfaces of highly hard and corrosion-resistant alloy coatings, severe cavitation erosion occurred, and there was a phenomenon of mismatch between the cavitation erosion location and the bubble projection position. The intensity of cavitation erosion depended on the energy self-focusing effect of the collapse shockwaves. In the experiments, we also observed the self-focusing phenomenon of collapse shockwaves under different conditions. The self-focusing effect of collapse shockwaves weakened as the distance between the bubble and the material surface increased, which may be the cause of cavitation erosion induced by a laser-induced single bubble.

Some New Expressions of Compactons in Compressible Elastic Rods

In this paper, we use phase plane analysis to study the compactons of the nonlinear equation. Four new implicit expressions of the compactons are obtained. These new implicit expressions are given by inverse tangent functions. Our work extends previous results. For two sets of the data, the graphs of the implicit functions are drawn and numerical simulations are given to test the correctness of our theoretical results.