Endoscopic treatment of extreme esophageal stenosis complicated with esophagotracheal fistula: A case report

BACKGROUND At present,there is no unified and effective treatment for extreme corrosive esophageal stenosis(CES)with esophagotracheal fistula(ETF).This case had extreme and severe esophageal stenosis(ES)and ETF after ingesting an enzyme-based chemical detergent,resulting in a serious pulmonary infection and severe malnutrition.Upper gastrointestinal imaging showed that he had an ETF,and endoscopy showed that he had extreme and severe esophageal stricture.This case was complex and difficult to treat.According to the domestic and foreign lite-rature,there is no universal treatment that is low-risk.CASE SUMMARY A patient came to our hospital with extreme ES,an ETF,and severe malnutrition complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis 1 mo after the consumption of an enzy-me-based detergent.The ES was serious,and the endoscope was unable to pass through the esophagus.We treated him by endoscopic incision method(EIM),esophageal stent placement(ESP),and endoscopic balloon dilation(EBD)by using the bronchoscope and gastroscope.This treatment not only closed the ETF,but also expanded the esophagus,with minimal trauma,greatly reducing the pain of the patient.According to the literature,there are no similar reported cases.CONCLUSION We report,for the first time,a patient with extreme CES complicated with ETF,where the endoscope could not be passed through his esophagus but he could be examined by bronchoscopy and treated by EIM,ESP,and EBD.

Laparoscopic-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection of a large gastric schwannoma: A case report

BACKGROUND Schwannomas,also known as neurinomas,are benign tumors derived from Schwann cells.Gastrointestinal schwannomas are rare and are most frequently reported in the stomach.They are usually asymptomatic and are difficult to diagnose preoperatively;however,endoscopy and imaging modalities can provide beneficial preliminary diagnostic data.There are various surgical options for management.Here,we present a case of a large gastric schwannoma(GS)managed by combined laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old woman presented with a 2-mo history of epigastric discomfort and a feeling of abdominal fullness.On upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography,a hypoechogenic submucosal mass was detected in the gastric antrum:It emerged from the muscularis propria and projected intraluminally.Computed tomography showed a nodular lesion(4 cm×3.5 cm),which exhibited uniform enhancement,on the gastric antrum wall.Based on these findings,a preliminary diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor was established,with schwannoma as a differential.Considering the large tumor size,we planned to perform endoscopic resection and to convert to laparoscopic treatment,if necessary.Eventually,the patient underwent combined laparoscopic and gastroscopic surgery.Immunohistochemically,the resected specimen showed positivity for S-100 and negativity for desmin,DOG-1,α-smooth muscle actin,CD34,CD117,and p53.The Ki-67 index was 3%,and a final diagnosis of GS was established.CONCLUSION Combined laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive and effective treatment option for large GSs.

Peroral endoscopic longer vs shorter esophageal myotomy for achalasia treatment:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in the treatment of achalasia.Longer myotomy is the standard POEM procedure for achalasia but when compared with shorter myotomy,its effectiveness is not as well known.AIM To compare the clinical effectiveness of longer and shorter myotomy.METHODS PubMed,EmBase,Cochrane Library,web of science and clinicaltrials.gov were queried for studies comparing shorter and longer POEM for achalasia treatment.The primary outcome was clinical success rate.Secondary outcomes comprised of operative time,adverse events(AEs)rate,gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and procedure-related parameters.The Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects model was primarily used for the analysis.Publication bias was assessed.RESULTS Six studies were included in this analysis with a total of 514 participants.During the follow-up period of 1-28.7 mo,longer and shorter myotomy in treating achalasia showed similar excellent effectiveness[overall clinical success(OR=1,95%CI:0.46-2.17,P=1,I2:0%;subgroup of abstract(OR=1.19,95%CI:0.38 to 3.73;P=0.76;I2:0%);subgroup of full text(OR=0.8695%CI:0.30 to 2.49;P=0.78;I2:0%)].Shorter myotomy had significantly reduced mean operative time compared with the longer procedure.There were no statistically significant differences in AEs rates,including GERD(overall OR=1.21,95%CI:0.76-1.91;P=0.42;I2:9%;subgroup of abstract OR=0.77,95%CI:0.40-1.47;P=0.43;I2:0%;subgroup of full text OR=1.91,95%CI:0.98-3.75;P=0.06;I2:0%),hospital stay(overall MD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.30 to 0.16;P=0.55;I2:24%;subgroup of abstract MD=0.20,95%CI:-0.25 to 0.65;P=0.39;I2:0;subgroup of full text MD=-0.16,95%CI:-0.42 to 0.10;P=0.23;I2:42%),and major bleeding(overall OR=1.25,95%CI:0.58-2.71;P=0.56;I2:0%)between the two procedures.These differences remained statistically non-significant in all sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSION POEM was effective in treating achalasia.Shorter and longer myotomy procedures provided similar therapeutic effects in terms of long-term effectiveness.In addition,shorter myotomy reduced the operative time.