Impact of Environmental Regulation on Industrial Upgrading: Analysis Based on Panel Data of 30 Provinces in China

Environmental regulation and industrial upgrading are the key to achieve win-win results for both economy and the environment. After environmental regulation tools are divided into market incentive and command control types,based on the provincial-level data of 30 provinces( cities and regions) in China from 2004 to 2016,the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading and its transmission paths are empirically tested through an intermediary effect model. Technological innovation,FDI and capital market development all meet intermediary conditions,and the market incentive type is more dependent on technological innovation,while the command control type is more dependent on FDI and capital market development.The impact of the two environmental regulation tools on industrial upgrading is further studied. The results show that there is an " inverted U-shaped" relationship between the command control type and industrial upgrading,while there is a " U-shaped" relationship between the market incentive type and industrial upgrading,and there are also certain regional differences in the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading.

压力应激韧性的神经机制

抑郁症是最常见的精神疾病之一,其患病人群在不断增长.并且,抑郁症的终生患病率为15%~18%,即大约每5人中就有一个人在其一生中经历过抑郁发作.压力应激作为一种环境因素是抑郁症的主要成因之一.经历了压力应激却没有发展至抑郁症的人群具有压力应激韧性(resilience).探索压力应激韧性的神经机制,对抑郁症在临床上预防和治疗将发挥至关重要的作用.本文主要关注压力应激韧性的神经机制的研究进展,首先简要介绍了压力应激韧性研究中常用的慢性社交挫败应激模型(chronic social defeat stress,CSDS),其次重点对压力应激韧性相关的大脑区域在分子、细胞和神经环路水平上的研究进展进行总结,接下来介绍压力应激韧性的临床前机制研究所带来的临床转化,最后讨论和展望压力应激韧性在未来的研究方向.

Structural insights of phosphorylated into the recognition FUNDC1 by LC3B in mitophagy

Mitophagy is an essential intracellular process that eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria and maintains cellular homeostasis. Mitophagy is regulated by the post-translational modification of mitophagy receptors. Fun14 domain-containing protein 1 （FUNDC1） was reported to be a new receptor for hypoxia-induced mitophagy in mammalian cells and interact with micro-tubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta （LC3B） through its LC3 interaction region （LIR）. Moreover, the phosphorylation modification of FUNDC1 affects its binding affinity for LC3B and regulates selective mitophagy. However, the structural basis of this regulation mechanism remains unclear. Here, we present the crystal structure of LC3B in complex with a FUNDCI LIR peptide phosphorylated at Ser17 （pS17）, demonstrating the key residues of LC3B for the specific recognition of the phosphorylated or dephosphorylated FUNDC1. Intriguingly, the side chain of LC3B Lys49 shifts remarkably and forms a hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction with the phosphate group of FUNDC1 pS17. Alternatively, phosphorylated Tyr18 （PY18） and Ser13 （PS13） in FUNDC1 significantly obstruct their interaction with the hydrophobic pocket and Arg10 of LC3B, respectively. Structural observations are further validated by mutation and isothermal titration calorimetry （ITC） assays. Therefore, our structural and biochemical results reveal a working model for thespecific recognition of FUNDCI by LC3B and imply that the reversible phosphorylation modification of mitophagy receptors may be a switch for selective mitophagy.