不同放牧强度对短花针茅荒漠草原生物多样性的影响

生物多样性对维持生态系统功能与服务至关重要,结合物种、谱系及功能多样性理解群落构建十分必要。本研究以内蒙古短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)荒漠草原植物群落为对象,研究了对照、轻度、中度及重度放牧下不同维度生物多样性对不同载畜率的响应。研究结果表明:各放牧处理均显著降低物种丰富度、Simpson、Shannon-Wiener及Pielou指数。此外,中度和重度放牧处理均降低了谱系多样性。各放牧处理均显著降低了群落功能丰富度(FRic)、功能分异度(FDiv)、功能分散指数(FDis)及Rao二次熵指数(RaoQ);中度和重度放牧处理显著降低了群落功能均匀度(FEve)。总体而言,随放牧强度的增大,群落功能多样性呈现出逐渐降低的趋势。此外,物种、谱系及功能多样性之间存在显著或极显著的相关性。总之,对不同维度生物多样性的分析有利于理解植物群落构建机制,为草地合理利用及可持续性提供一定的理论基础。

Numerical Analysis of Perforation during Hydraulic Fracture Initiation Based on Continuous-Discontinuous Element Method

Perforation is a pivotal technique employed to establish main flow channels within the reservoir formation at the outset of hydraulic fracturing operations.Optimizing perforation designs is critical for augmenting the efficacy of hydraulic fracturing and boosting oil or gas production.In this study,we employ a hybrid finite-discrete element method,known as the continuous–discontinuous element method(CDEM),to simulate the initiation of post-perforation hydraulic fractures and to derive enhanced design parameters.The model incorporates the four most prevalent perforation geometries,as delineated in an engineering technical report.Real-world perforations deviate from the ideal cylindrical shape,exhibiting variable cross-sectional profiles that typically manifest as an initial constriction followed by an expansion,a feature consistent across all four perforation types.Our simulations take into account variations in perforation hole geometries,cross-sectional diameters,and perforation lengths.The findings show that perforations generated by the 39g DP3 HMX perforating bullet yield the lowest breakdown pressure,which inversely correlates with increases in sectional diameter and perforation length.Moreover,this study reveals the relationship between breakdown pressure and fracture degree,providing valuable insights for engineers and designers to refine perforation strategies.

Embryo Transfer Strategies for Women with Recurrent Implantation Failure During the Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles:Sequential Embryo Transfer or Double-blastocyst Transfer?

Objective Both sequential embryo transfer(SeET)and double-blastocyst transfer(DBT)can serve as embryo transfer strategies for women with recurrent implantation failure(RIF).This study aims to compare the effects of SeET and DBT on pregnancy outcomes.Methods Totally,261 frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles of 243 RIF women were included in this multicenter retrospective analysis.According to different embryo quality and transfer strategies,they were divided into four groups:group A,good-quality SeET(GQ-SeET,n=38 cycles);group B,poor-quality or mixed-quality SeET(PQ/MQ-SeET,n=31 cycles);group C,good-quality DBT(GQ-DBT,n=121 cycles);and group D,poor-quality or mixed-quality DBT(PQ/MQ-DBT,n=71 cycles).The main outcome,clinical pregnancy rate,was compared,and the generalized estimating equation(GEE)model was used to correct potential confounders that might impact pregnancy outcomes.Results GQ-DBT achieved a significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate(aOR 2.588,95%CI 1.267–5.284,P=0.009)and live birth rate(aOR 3.082,95%CI 1.482–6.412,P=0.003)than PQ/MQ-DBT.Similarly,the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in GQ-SeET than in PQ/MQ-SeET(aOR 4.047,95%CI 1.218–13.450,P=0.023).The pregnancy outcomes of GQ-SeET were not significantly different from those of GQ-DBT,and the same results were found between PQ/MQ-SeET and PQ/MQ-DBT.Conclusion SeET relative to DBT did not seem to improve pregnancy outcomes for RIF patients if the embryo quality was comparable between the two groups.Better clinical pregnancy outcomes could be obtained by transferring good-quality embryos,no matter whether in SeET or DBT.Embryo quality plays a more important role in pregnancy outcomes for RIF patients.

Correlation analysis of human papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNA detection with diagnosis,prognosis and recurrence risk in patients with cervical epithelioma

BACKGROUND Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)is an important precursor of cervical cancer.Early detection and treatment can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.AIM To investigate the detection rate of human papillomavirus(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA in cervical tissue of patients with different types of epithelial cell neoplasia(CIN)and its relationship with CIN progression and diagnosis.METHODS One hundred women with HPV infection detected by cervical exfoliation cytology between January 2022 and January 2023 were retrospectively selected.These patients were graded CIN based on colposcopy and cervical pathology.The positive expression rates of HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV[polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-reverse dot crossing]were compared among all groups.Patients with HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression in the grade 1 CIN group were followed up for 1 yr.The relationship between atypical squamous epithelium and high malignant epithelial neoplasia was investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and sensitivity of PCR-reverse point hybrid ization technology for secondary CIN were 70.41%,70.66%,and 0.714,respectively.Sensitivity and specificity for secondary CIN were 752%and 7853%,respectively,the area under the curve value was 0.789.Logistic Multifactorial model analysis revealed that the HPV positive rates and the HPV E6/E7 mRNA positive rates were independent risk factors of CIN grade I(P<0.05).In CIN grade I patients with positive for HPV E6/E7 mRNA,in its orientation to grade CIN patients,in its orientation to grade CIN patients,at 69.2%,compared with patients negative for HPV E6/E7 mRNA(30.8%),significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV(PCR-reverse dot hybrid)positive expression have a close relationship with CINgrade disease progression and is an independent risk factor for high-grade CIN lesions.

Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy of Glimepiride Combined with Insulin in the Treatment of Elderly Diabetes

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and incidence of hypoglycemia in the treatment of elderly diabetes with glimepiride combined with insulin.Methods:A total of 100 patients diagnosed with diabetes in Qinghai Red Cross Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the order of their visits,with 50 patients in each group.The observation group was treated with glimepiride combined with insulin,while the control group was treated with insulin alone.The blood sugar indicators,including glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting blood glucose(FBG),and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2h PBG),were compared between the two groups.Additionally,the incidence of hypoglycemia was compared,and the causes of hypoglycemia were analyzed and summarized,proposing corresponding countermeasures.Results:The glycated hemoglobin value of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,and the statistical analysis showed a significant difference(t=3.54,P<0.05).The fasting blood glucose value in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(t=4.08,P<0.05).The 2-hour postprandial blood glucose value in the observation group was also lower than that in the control group,with a significant difference(t=3.82,P<0.05).The incidence of hypoglycemia in the observation group was 10%,while it was 56%in the control group,with a statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ^(2)=5.813,P<0.05).Conclusion:The efficacy of glimepiride combined with insulin in the treatment of elderly diabetes is significantly higher than that of insulin alone,with a lower incidence of hypoglycemia.

Continuous-discontinuous element method for three-dimensional thermal cracking of rocks

Thermal cracking of rocks can significantly affect the durability of underground structures in engineering practices such as geothermal energy extraction,storage of nuclear waste and tunnelling in freezeethaw cycle induced areas.It is a scenario of strong coupled thermomechanical process involving discontinuity behaviours of rocks.In this context,a numerical model was proposed to investigate the thermal cracking of rocks,in a framework of the continuous-discontinuous element method(CDEM)for efficiently capturing the initiation and propagation of multiple cracks.A simplex integration strategy was adopted to account for the influences of temperature-dependent material properties.Several benchmark tests were considered and the obtained results were compared with analytical solutions and numerical results from the literature.The results show that the fracture degree of the cases when considering temperature-dependent material parameters had 10%differences approximately compared with the cases with constant parameters.

城市内涝的时空分布特征及其成因分析--以呼和浩特市区为例

以呼和浩特市区为例,通过收集历史内涝数据与实地调查,共收集到78处积水点的具体位置、内涝范围和发生频率等实际数据,并对其内涝成因进行分析。结果表明:2016—2019年内涝灾害较2010—2016年频繁;其次,内涝主要发生在6—9月间,尤其集中在7月。空间分布特征表明,赛罕区积水点分布密度最大,而玉泉区最小。相关性分析表明,呼和浩特市区暴雨日数虽然少(1961—2018年),但暴雨日的降水总量占比高,平均占比22.0%,最高占比39.3%。此外,93.59%的积水点位于低洼地点;再者,雨水管线流量较低造成积水面积增大。综上所述,极端降水和地势等自然因素导致雨水地表流量大、积流多并存在较多低洼地区形成内涝;而城市排水系统无法满足排水需求等人为因素造成雨水管线流量过小造成积水面积过大而形成内涝。

内蒙古白音华矿区草地群落地上生物量的变异性及物种间互补效应

开矿为人类创造物质财富的同时,会对群落结构与组成产生一定的影响。为研究草地群落中地上生物量的变异性及物种之间的互补效应,本研究以内蒙古白音华矿区周边大针茅(Stipa grandis)典型草原为研究对象,分析了草地群落组成及物种、功能群和群落等不同层次地上生物量的变异性及其互补效应。结果表明:群落主要物种为大针茅、黄囊苔草(Carex korshinskyi)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)和知母(Anemarrhena asphodeloides),6种植物累计相对重要值为79.6%。在物种及功能群水平,随着地上生物量的增加,其变异性显著降低。随着组织水平增加,变异性的顺序依次为种群(587.1%)>功能群(237.9%)>群落(44.7%)。互补效应主要发生在优势种-优势种或非优势种间、优势功能群-优势或非优势功能群之间,非优势种-非优势种或非优势功能群-非优势功能群之间发生互补效应可能性较小。在开矿过程中,应同时兼顾经济与生态两方面,以保持草地群落稳定。

地理课堂中新手教师存在问题的分析

新手教师是目前教育行业的后起之秀,许多中小学的师资队伍以新手教师为主。关注新手教师的课堂教学是地理教学的重中之重。本文提出了新手教师课堂教学和课堂管理中存在的课程导入不成功、教学内容难以取舍、教材使用不熟练、教学方法单一、课堂提问过于随意、时间分配不合理、课堂纪律散漫等主要问题。

克氏针茅草原土壤生态化学计量特征对放牧强度的响应

生态化学计量学是研究生态系统中各元素间平衡的科学,对于探究土壤有机碳(C)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)元素循环以及土壤养分限制状况具有重要意义。为了解克氏针茅(Stipa kirschnii)草原土壤生态化学计量特征,以内蒙古克氏针茅草原区为研究对象,在不同放牧强度草场进行采样分析。结果表明:随着放牧强度的增加,C、P含量先降低后升高,N含量先升高后降低;土壤C/N先降低后升高、C/P逐渐升高、N/P先升高后降低。C/N随着放牧强度的增加与有机碳相关性逐渐增大、与全氮的相关性逐渐减小;轻牧区的C/P受有机碳作用有所增强;中牧区N/P受全氮作用增强。C/N主要限制因素是有机碳含量,C/P和N/P主要限制因素是全磷含量。不同放牧强度会影响土壤化学计量比与其他物质的关系,也会改变土壤化学计量比各制约因素的强度。

A semi-spring and semi-edge combined contact model in CDEM and its application to analysis of Jiweishan landslide

Continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM)is an explicit numerical method used for simulation of progressive failure of geological body.To improve the efficiency of contact detection and simplify the calculation steps for contact forces,semi-spring and semi-edge are introduced in calculation.Semispring is derived from block vertex,and formed by indenting the block vertex into each face(24semisprings for a hexahedral element).The formation process of semi-edge is the same as that of semi-spring(24semi-edges for a hexahedral element).Based on the semi-springs and semi-edges,a new type of combined contact model is presented.According to this model,six contact types could be reduced to two,i.e.the semi-spring target face contact and semi-edge target edge contact.By the combined model,the contact force could be calculated directly(the information of contact type is not necessary),and the failure judgment could be executed in a straightforward way(each semi-spring and semi-edge own their characteristic areas).The algorithm has been successfully programmed in C++program.Some simple numerical cases are presented to show the validity and accuracy of this model.Finally,the failure mode,sliding distance and critical friction angle of Jiweishan landslide are studied with the combined model.

Allometric models for aboveground biomass of six common subtropical shrubs and small trees

The aboveground biomass(AGB)of shrubs and small trees is the main component for the productivity and carbon storage of understory vegetation in subtropical secondary forests.However,few allometric models exist to accurately evaluate understory biomass.To estimate the AGB of five common shrub(diameter at base<5 cm,<5 m high)and one small tree species(<8 m high,trees’s seedling),206 individuals were harvested and species-specific and multi-species allometric models developed based on four predictors,height(H),stem diameter(D),crown area(Ca),and wood density(ρ).As expected,the six species possessed greater biomass in their stems compared with branches,with the lowest biomass in the leaves.Species-specific allometric models that employed stem diameter and the combined variables of D~2H andρDH as predictors accurately estimated the components and total AGB,with R^(2) values from 0.602 and 0.971.A multi-species shrub allometric model revealed that wood density×diameter×height(ρDH)was the best predictor,with R^(2) values ranging from between 0.81 and 0.89 for the components and total AGB,respectively.These results indicated that height(H)and diameter(D)were effective predictors for the models to estimate the AGB of the six species,and the introduction of wood density(ρ)improved their accuracy.The optimal models selected in this study could be applied to estimate the biomass of shrubs and small trees in subtropical regions.

A block particle coupled model and its application to landslides

To simulate the progressive failure of slope,a block particle coupled model is introduced.Particle oriented cell mapping(POCM)algorithm is used to enhance the search efficiency,and particlepoint,particle-edge,particle-face contact detecting method is adopted to establish contact pair between particles and blocks precisely.Strain softening Mohr Coulomb model with tensile cutoff is adopted for blocks,and brittle Mohr Coulomb model is used for particles.The particle-block replacement approach is used to describe the fracture and fragmentation process of continuum media.Once the cohesion or tensile strength of one block reaches zero,the block will be deleted,and particles are generated at the same place with all information inherited from the deleted block.Some numerical cases related to landslides demonstrate the precision and rationality of the coupled model.

Two New Arylnaphthalene Lignan Glycosides from Mananthes patentiflora

Two new diphyllin glycosides, mananthoside A (1) and B (2), together with six known compounds. were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the whole plants of Mananthes patentiflora. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectral evidences.

Postoperative secondary aggravation of obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome and hypoxemia with bilateral carotid body tumor:A case report

BACKGROUND Carotid body tumor(CBT)is a chemoreceptor tumor located in the carotid body,accounting for approximately 0.22%of head and neck tumors.Surgery is the main treatment method for the disease.CASE SUMMARY We reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of one patient who had postoperative secondary aggravation of obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and hypoxia after surgical resection of bilateral CBTs.This patient was admitted,and relevant laboratory and imaging examinations,and polysomnography(PSG)were performed.After the definitive diagnosis,continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)treatment was given,which achieved good efficacy.CONCLUSION This case suggested that aggravation of OSAHS and hypoxemia is possibly caused by the postoperative complications after bilateral CBTs,and diagnosis by PSG and CPAP treatment are helpful for this patient.

定居放牧强度对克氏针茅草原草场多样性的影响

该文研究了定居放牧强度对草原群落组成及多样性的影响,笔者以阿巴嘎旗克氏针茅草原为研究对象进行了草场群落现状特征调查及分析研究。结果表明:1)研究区中定居放牧强度对草场资源组成有显著影响。2)草场多样性指数显示,Shannon-weiner多样性指数、Simpson生态优势度指数、丰富度和Pielous均匀度指数大小基本均为1号牧户>2号牧户>3号牧户。3)草场多样性指数间的相关性表明,多样性主要受均匀度和优势度的影响。文章研究表明,定居放牧强度影响草场多样性,合理的放牧强度是保持草场多样性的重要方法之一。

Effect of the post-gate annealing on the gate reliability of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

In this paper,we investigated the effect of post-gate annealing(PGA)on reverse gate leakage and the reverse bias reliability of Al_(0.23)Ga_(0.77)N/GaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).We found that the Poole-Frenkel(PF)emission is dominant in the reverse gate leakage current at the low reverse bias region(V_(th)<V_(G)<0 V)for the unannealed and annealed HEMTs.The emission barrier height of HEMT is increased from 0.139 to 0.256 eV after the PGA process,which results in a reduction of the reverse leakage current by more than one order.Besides,the reverse step stress was conducted to study the gate reliability of both HEMTs.After the stress,the unannealed HEMT shows a higher reverse leakage current due to the permanent damage of the Schottky gate.In contrast,the annealed HEMT shows a little change in reverse leakage current.This indicates that the PGA can reduce the reverse gate leakage and improve the gate reliability.

Fabrication and characterization of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with high power gain and efficiency at 8 GHz

State-of-the-art AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility structures were grown on semi-insulating 4H-SiC substrates by MOCVD and X-band microwave power high electron mobility transistors were fabricated and characterized.Hall mobility of 2291.1 cm^(2)/(V·s)and two-dimensional electron gas density of 9.954×10^(12)cm^(-2)were achieved at 300 K.The HEMT devices with a 0.45-μm gate length exhibited maximum drain current density as high as 1039.6 mA/mm and peak extrinsic transconductance of 229.7 mS/mm.The f_(T)of 30.89 GHz and f_(max)of 38.71 GHz were measured on the device.Load-pull measurements were performed and analyzed under(-3.5,28)V,(-3.5,34)V and(-3.5,40)V gate/drain direct current bias in class-AB,respectively.The uncooled device showed high linear power gain of 17.04 dB and high power-added efficiency of 50.56%at 8 GHz when drain biased at(-3.5,28)V.In addition,when drain biased at(-3.5,40)V,the device exhibited a saturation output power dens-ity up to 6.21 W/mm at 8 GHz,with a power gain of 11.94 dB and a power-added efficiency of 39.56%.Furthermore,the low f_(max)/f_(T)ratio and the variation of the power sweep of the device at 8 GHz with drain bias voltage were analyzed.

The Relationship Between Plant Community Characteristics and Soil Organic Matter Content of Sedentary Grazing Pastures in a Typical Steppe

In order to discuss the relationship between the characteristics of plant communities and the content of topsoil organic matter under the condition of two-season sedentary grazing, authors of this paper selected a Stipa krylovii steppe for research and studied the plant community characteristics and the topsoil organic matter content. The results showed that in the sedentary grazing area, the perennial plant species decreased, the annual plant species increased, and the topsoil organic matter content decreased. There were a negative correlation between plant biomass and topsoil organic matter content, and a positive correlation between total coverage and topsoil organic matter content. The change of plant community characteristics in the sedentary grazing area was related to the implementation of the system of transferring the pasture use rights to the herdsmen and controlled grazing.

Study on NiO/Fe interface with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Different monolayers （ML） of Fe atoms were deposited on NiO （001） substrates or NiO underlayers using molecular beam epitaxy （MBE）, pulse laser deposition （PLD）, and magnetron sputtering （MS）. The magnetic properties and microstructure of the films were studied. The apparent magnetic dead layer （MDL） is found to exist at the NiO/Fe interfaces of the MBE sample （about 2 ML MDL）, the PLD sample （about 3 ML MDL）, and the MS sample （about 4 ML MDL）. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the presence of ionic Fe （Fe2＋ or Fe3＋） and metallic Ni at the NiO/Fe interfaces, which may be due to the chemical reactions between Fe and NiO layers. This also leads to the formation of MDL. The thickness of the MDL and the reaction products are related with the deposition energy of the atoms on the substrates. The interfacial reactions are effectively suppressed by inserting a thin Pt layer at the NiO/Fe interface.