Correlation and Pathway Analysis of the Carbon,Nitrogen,and Phosphorus in Soil-Microorganism-Plant with Main Quality Components of Tea(Camellia sinensis)

The contents of carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)in soil-microorganisms-plant significantly affect tea quality by altering the main quality components of tea,such as tea polyphenols,amino acids,and caffeine.However,few studies have quantified the effects of these factors on the main quality components of tea.The study aimed to explore the interactions of C,N,and P in soil-microorganisms-plants and the effects of these factors on the main quality components of tea by using the path analysis method.The results indicated that(1)The contents of C,N,and P in soil,microorganisms,and tea plants were highly correlated and collinear,and showed significant correlations with the main quality components of tea.(2)Optimal regression equations were established to esti-mate tea polyphenol,amino acid,catechin,caffeine,and water extract content based on C,N,and P contents in soil,microorganisms,and tea plants(R^(2)=0.923,0.726,0.954,0.848,and 0.883,respectively).(3)Pathway analysis showed that microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP),root phosphorus,branch nitrogen,and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)were the largest direct impact factors on tea polyphenol,catechin,water extracts,amino acid,and caffeine content,respectively.Leaf carbon,root phosphorus,and leaf nitrogen were the largest indirect impact factors on tea polyphenol,catechin,and water extract content,respectively.Leaf carbon indirectly affected tea polyphenol content mainly by altering MBP content.Root phosphorus indirectly affected catechin content mainly by altering soil organic carbon content.Leaf nitrogen indirectly affected water extract content mainly by altering branch nitrogen content.The research results provide the scientific basis for reasonable fertilization in tea gardens and tea quality improvement.

Chemotactic nanomotor for multimodal combined therapy of glioblastoma

Glioblastoma(GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor. Due to the infiltration and heterogeneity of GBM, the obstruction of the blood-brain barrier(BBB) and the unique immunosuppressive mechanism, it is hard to achieve significant effects of GBM treatment. Here, a kind of chemotactic nanomotor that loaded with glucose oxidase(GOx) and carboxylated cisplatin(Pt(IV)) prodrug on the L-arginine-derived polymer is proposed. The nanomotors are driven by catalysis of glucose decomposition and the positive chemotaxis towards the GBM microenvironment where inducible nitric oxide synthase and reactive oxygen species are highly expressed. This facilitates the BBB crossing and GBM targeting of the nanomotors. In addition, the released nitric oxide(NO) during propulsion as well as the loaded GOx and Pt(IV) can exert combined NO/starvation/chemotherapy. Meanwhile, it is able to induce and enhance the immune response through multiple pathways, thus better coping with the complexities of GBM treatment.

Nanomotor-based H_(2)S donor with mitochondrial targeting function for treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Reduction of endogenous hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)is considered to have an important impact on the progress of Parkinson’s disease(PD),thus exogenous H_(2)S supplementation is expected to become one of the key means to treat PD.However,at present,it is difficult for H_(2)S donors to effectively penetrate the blood brain barrier(BBB),selectively release H_(2)S in brain,and effectively target the mitochondria of neuron cells.Herein,we report a kind of nanomotor-based H_(2)S donor,which is obtained by free radical polymerization reaction between L-cysteine derivative modified-polyethylene glycol(PEG-Cys)and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC).This kind of H_(2)S donor can not only effectively break through BBB,but also be specifically catalyzed by cystathionineβ-synthase(CBS)in neurons of PD site in brain and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase(3-MST)in mitochondria to produce H_(2)S,endowing it with chemotaxis/motion ability.Moreover,the unique chemotaxis effect of nanomotor can realize the purpose of precisely targeting brain and the mitochondria of damaged neuron cytopathic diseases.This kind of nanomotor-based H_(2)S donor is expected to enrich the current types of H_(2)S donors and provide new ideas for the treatment of PD.

肝纤维化治疗:从传统方法到纳米材料递送系统

Liver diseases seriously affect human health.Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is a highly prevalent chronic liver disease that has a global prevalence of 32.4%,but this is increasing at an alarming rate[1].Cirrhosis is the 11th most common cause of death worldwide,and there was a 47%increase in mortality between 2010 and 2021[2].

Nanomotor-based adsorbent for blood Lead(II)removal in vitro and in pig models

Blood lead(Pb(II))removal is very important but challenging.The main difficulty of blood Pb(II)removal currently lies in the fact that blood Pb(II)is mainly complexed with hemoglobin(Hb)inside the red blood cells(RBCs).Traditional blood Pb(II)removers are mostly passive particles that do not have the motion ability,thus the efficiency of the contact between the adsorbent and the Pb(II)-contaminated Hb is relatively low.Herein,a kind of magnetic nanomotor adsorbent with movement ability under alternating magnetic field based on Fe3O4 nanoparticle modified with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA)was prepared and a blood Pb(II)removal strategy was further proposed.During the removal process,the nanomotor adsorbent can enter the RBCs,then the contact probability between the nanomotor adsorbent and the Pb(II)-contaminated Hb can be increased by the active movement of nanomotor.Through the strong coordination of functional groups in DMSA,the nanomotor adsorbent can adsorb Pb(II),and finally be separated from blood by permanent magnetic field.The in vivo extracorporeal blood circulation experiment verifies the ability of the adsorbent to remove blood Pb(II)in pig models,which may provide innovative ideas for blood heavy metal removal in the future.

GSH-induced chemotaxis nanomotors for cancer treatment by ferroptosis strategy

Overexpression of glutathione(GSH) in tumor cells greatly inhibits the therapy effect of traditional ferroptosis inducers;thus,control of the GSH level is an important way to improve the efficacy of ferroptosis.Herein,a kind of nanomotor based on metal organic framework material NH_(2)-MIL-101 is constructed,in which polyethylene glycol(PEG) and glutathione hydrolase γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) are asymmetrically modified to obtain mPEG@MIL-101@GGT nanomotors(PMG NMs).The nanomotor proposed in this article can be induced by overexpressing GSH in tumors to form chemotactic effects through the specific affinity between enzymes and substrates.Results indicate that the tail structure provided by PEG and the affinity between GGT and GSH can enable the stable chemotaxis behavior of nanomotors in a complex environment,thus enriching and penetrating deeply at the tumor site.In addition,after loading the ferroptosis inducer Erastin,the system shows a highly effective induction effect of tumor ferroptosis.Erastin in the system can effectively inhibit the synthesis of GSH,and PMG NMS can react with GSH through Fe^(3+)and GGT to promote GSH depletion.The produced Fe^(2+)can generate excessive reactive oxygen species through Fenton reaction,which further promotes the death of tumor cells.Meantime,the chemotaxis behavior of the nanomotors based on the endogenous biochemical reaction of GGT-catalyzed GSH hydrolysis can endow nanomotors with the enhanced delivery and penetration ability in tumors,thus collaboratively enhancing the ferroptosis effect.This strategy designed according to the physiological characteristics of tumors has good biosafety and treatment effect,providing new perspectives for micro/nanomotor and tumor treatment.

Medical micro-and nanomotors in the body

Attributed to the miniaturized body size and active mobility,micro-and nanomotors(MNMs)have demonstrated tremendous potential for medical applications.However,from bench to bedside,massive efforts are needed to address critical issues,such as cost-effective fabrication,on-demand integration of multiple functions,biocompatibility,biodegradability,controlled propulsion and in vivo navigation.Herein,we summarize the advances of biomedical MNMs reported in the past two decades,with particular emphasis on the design,fabrication,propulsion,navigation,and the abilities of biological barriers penetration,biosensing,diagnosis,minimally invasive surgery and targeted cargo delivery.Future perspectives and challenges are discussed as well.This review can lay the foundation for the future direction of medical MNMs,pushing one step forward on the road to achieving practical theranostics using MNMs.