Glutamatergic CYLD deletion leads to aberrant excitatory activity in the basolateral amygdala:association with enhanced cued fear expression

Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway.CYLD is well studied in non-neuronal cells,yet underinvestigated in the brain,where it is highly expressed.Emerging studies have shown involvement of CYLD in the remodeling of glutamatergic synapses,neuroinflammation,fear memory,and anxiety-and autism-like behaviors.However,the precise role of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons is largely unknown.Here,we first proposed involvement of CYLD in cued fear expression.We next constructed transgenic model mice with specific deletion of Cyld from glutamatergic neurons.Our results show that glutamatergic CYLD deficiency exaggerated the expression of cued fear in only male mice.Further,loss of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons resulted in enhanced neuronal activation,impaired excitatory synaptic transmission,and altered levels of glutamate receptors accompanied by over-activation of microglia in the basolateral amygdala of male mice.Altogether,our study suggests a critical role of glutamatergic CYLD in maintaining normal neuronal,synaptic,and microglial activation.This may contribute,at least in part,to cued fear expression.

乙二胺四乙酸铁钠补铁剂制备实验改进

本项目将乙二胺四乙酸铁钠(NaFeEDTA)补铁剂制备实验项目进行了改进,将理论知识与实际生产紧密衔接,依据药物制备工艺流程,设置集方案设计、药物制备、结构鉴定、纯度分析等模块于一体的全链条实验内容,将实验项目由验证性实验转变为综合性、设计性实验,引导学生结合制药工艺流程中所涉及到的质量控制、安全生产、环境保护等因素设计实验方案。本实验项目可结合多条专利路线,能激发学生探究兴趣,促进学生自主探究,培养学生方案设计和创新思辨能力,提升学生解决实际问题能力和科学素养,增强专业自信。

A log-based method for fine-scale evaluation of lithofacies and its applications to the Gulong shale in the Songliao Basin,Northeast China

The Gulong shale demonstrates high clay content and pronounced thin laminations,with limited vertical variability in log curves,complicating lithofacies classification.To comprehend the distribution and compositional features of lithofacies in the Gulong shale for optimal sweet spot selection and reservoir stimulation,this study introduced a lithofacies classification scheme and a log-based lithofacies evaluation method.Specifically,theΔlgR method was utilized for accurately determining the total organic carbon(TOC)content;a multi-mineral model based on element-to-mineral content conversion coefficients was developed to enhance mineral composition prediction accuracy,and the microresistivity curve variations derived from formation micro-image(FMI)log were used to compute lamination density,offering insights into sedimentary structures.Using this method,integrating TOC content,sedimentary structures,and mineral compositions,the Qingshankou Formation is classified into four lithofacies and 12 sublithofacies,displaying 90.6%accuracy compared to core description outcomes.The classification results reveal that the northern portion of the study area exhibits more prevalent fissile felsic shales,siltstone interlayers,shell limestones,and dolomites.Vertically,the upper section primarily exhibits organic-rich felsic shale and siltstone interlayers,the middle part is characterized by moderate organic quartz-feldspathic shale and siltstone/carbonate interlayers,and the lower section predominantly features organic-rich fissile felsic/clayey felsic shales.Analyzing various sublithofacies in relation to seven petrophysical parameters,oil test production,and fracturing operation conditions indicates that the organic-rich felsic shales in the upper section and the organic-rich/clayey felsic shales in the lower section possess superior physical properties and oil content,contributing to smoother fracturing operation and enhanced production,thus emerging as dominant sublithofacies.Conversely,thin interlayers such as siltstones and limestones,while producing oil,demonstrate higher brittleness and pose great fracturing operation challenges.The methodology and insights in this study will provide a valuable guide for sweet spot identification and horizontal well-based exploitation of the Gulong shale.

Efficacy and safety of paclitaxel liposome versus paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin in the first-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer:a multicenter,open-label,non-inferiority,randomized controlled trial

Background:The paclitaxel liposome formulation,encapsulating paclitaxel within a phospholipid bilayer,ad-dresses the insolubility of traditional paclitaxel formulations,thereby reducing toxicity without compromising its antitumor efficacy.Methods:This multicenter,open-label,non-inferiority randomized controlled trial(ChiCTR2000038555)evalu-ates the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel liposome in comparison to the standard regimen of paclitaxel combined with carboplatin(PLC vs.PC)as first-line therapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.Results:An analysis of median progression-free survival(PFS)revealed non-inferior outcomes between 263 pa-tients in the PLC group and 260 patients in the PC group(32.3 vs.29.9 months,hazard ratio[HR],0.89[95%CI,0.64−1.25]),using a non-inferior margin of 1.3.Although the overall incidence of treatment-related adverse events was comparable between groups,the PLC group experienced significantly fewer non-hematologic toxicities than those treated with the PC regimen.Conclusion:The findings affirm the non-inferiority of paclitaxel liposome compared to the combination of pa-clitaxel and carboplatin regarding therapeutic efficacy,with an enhanced safety profile marked by reduced non-hematologic toxicities.

新生市场在位企业群体离职事件对行业竞争格局影响研究——以网络文学行业起点中文网三次群体离职事件为例

本文对于新生市场中组织间的人员群体流动对组织合法性和资源的竞争,以及对行业竞争格局变迁的影响进行了分析,研究围绕中国网络文学行业三次由在位组织到挑战组织的群体离职事件展开分析,基于印记效应分析了群体离职对于在位组织和挑战组织合法性的积极影响;基于群体离职引发的人力资源和关系资源的变化,以及群体离职事件发生后会释放出信号,促进市场参与者对该事件的集体感知引发后续行动,从而对市场中的资源配置产生影响;此外,新生市场在位组织到挑战组织的群体离职事件发生后,后续市场中多方主体的行动及互动,会促使行业格局发生变化。本研究进一步丰富了群体离职及组织战略理论,也为企业群体离职管理及组织战略决策提供了启示.

Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating the inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis

Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction extracted from Buyang Huanwu Decoction contains saponins of Astragalus, total paeony glycoside and safflower flavones. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction on ischemic injury both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that 50-200 mg/kg Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction reduced infarct volume and pathological injury in ischemia/reperfusion rats, markedly inhibited expression of nuclear factor-KB and tumor necrosis factor-a and promoted nestin protein expression in brain tissue. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction （200 mg/kg） exhibited significant effects, which were similar to those of 100 mg/kg Ginkgo biloba extract. In vitro experimental results demonstrated that 10-100 mg/L Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction significantly improved cell viability, decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, and inhibited the rate of apoptosis in HT22 cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction （100 mg/L） exhibited significant effects, which were similar to those of 100 mg/L Ginkgo biloba extract. These findings suggest that Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction may represent a novel, protective strategy against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced damage in HT22 cells in vitro by attenuating the inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of WUSCHEL-related homeobox(WOX) genes in Salix suchowensis

Members of the WUSCHEL-related homeobox(WOX)transcription factor family are essential for determining cell fate and regulating diverse developmental processes in plants.Many WOX genes have been systematically investigated in woody plants such as Populus trichocarpa,but not in Salix suchowensis.Whole-genome sequence data for S.suchowensis is now available for comprehensive study of WOX genes in S.suchowensis.We thus surveyed the genome of S.suchowensis and demonstrated active expression of 15 WOX genes.In a phylogenetic analysis of WOX genes,the 15 SsWOX genes clustered among the modern/WUS,intermediate and ancient clades similar to the WOX genes of Arabidopsis thaliana.Based on the conserved intron/exon structure,SsWOX genes in the same subgroup had similar conserved exon–intron structures and motif domains.Furthermore,among several SsWOX subgroups,WUS(Wuschel)-box and EAR(the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression)-like motifs were conserved.Expression profiles of WOX genes in roots,stems and leaves indicate that SsWOX genes have various conserved roles in the tissues.Comparative analysis of the expression patterns in Salix suchowensis with that of Arabidopsis suggests that different shoot regeneration abilities are controlled by different WOX genes in plants.The analysis provide an overview of differentially expressed SsWOX genes during shoot regeneration,but also contribute to understanding the evolution of WOX genes in Salicaceae and the interrelations of WOX genes and other transcription factors,providing targets for further study.

Organellar genome assembly methods and comparative analysis of horticultural plants

Although organellar genomes(including chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes)are smaller than nuclear genomes in size and gene number,organellar genomes are very important for the investigation of plant evolution and molecular ecology mechanisms.Few studies have focused on the organellar genomes of horticultural plants.Approximately 1193 chloroplast genomes and 199 mitochondrial genomes of land plants are available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),of which only 39 are from horticultural plants.In this paper,we report an innovative and efficient method for high-quality horticultural organellar genome assembly from next-generation sequencing(NGS)data.Sequencing reads were first assembled by Newbler,Amos,and Minimus software with default parameters.The remaining gaps were then filled through BLASTN search and PCR.The complete DNA sequence was corrected based on Illumina sequencing data using BWA(Burrows–Wheeler Alignment tool)software.The advantage of this approach is that there is no need to isolate organellar DNA from total DNA during sample preparation.Using this procedure,the complete mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of an ornamental plant,Salix suchowensis,and a fruit tree,Ziziphus jujuba,were identified.This study shows that horticultural plants have similar mitochondrial and chloroplast sequence organization to other seed plants.Most horticultural plants demonstrate a slight bias toward A+T rich features in the mitochondrial genome.In addition,a phylogenetic analysis of 39 horticultural plants based on 15 protein-coding genes showed that some mitochondrial genes are horizontally transferred from chloroplast DNA.Our study will provide an important reference for organellar genome assembly in other horticultural plants.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis of the organellar genomes of horticultural plants could accurately clarify the unanticipated relationships among these plants.

有机化学实验课程教学改革研究与实践

随着教育教学改革的进一步深化,针对传统有机化学实验课程中存在的问题,我校化学实验教学中心从课程内容、教学方法、考核模式三方面对课程进行了全面的改革。通过多年的实践证明,实验课的教学效果得到了明显提高,学生的综合素质得到了全面提升。文中的一些教改案例希望可以给其他高校的有机化学实验教学改革提供参考。

Preliminary Investigation on the Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of Two <i>Phellinus</i>Mushrooms Collected in Foshan

The Phellinus mushrooms have been known for its immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, and anticancer activities. In the current work, the chemical constituents of two Phellinus mushrooms, Phellinus pini 141016# and Phellinus sp. 150802#, which were collected in Foshan city, Guangdong province, were investigated preliminarily by pre-test tube method and by comparison with the known natural compounds from Phellinus pini, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by the biochemical assay of hydroxyl and 2,2-diphenyl-1-pricylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activity in vitro. The results show that both the two Phellinus mushrooms contain phenolics, alkaloids, lactones, steroids and terpenoids, and have potent antioxidant activities. The IC50 values of DPPH radicals and hydroxyl radicals for Phellinus pini 141016# were 74.37 μg/mL and 59.69 μg/mL, respectively, and the IC50 values of DPPH radicals and hydroxyl radicals for Phellinus sp. 150802# were 98.95 μg/mL and 165.47 μg/mL, respectively. They are comparable to the antioxidant activity of the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid.

The enhancing effect and promoting mechanisms of the stereoisomeric monoterpene alcohol esters as enhancers for drugs with different physicochemical properties

To explore the structure-activity connections of amphiphilic permeation enhancers containing the length of the hydrophobic chains as well as the properties of the polar head,O-acylgeraniol and O-acylnerol derivatives were synthesized from geraniol/nerol(cis-isomer of geraniol) and pharmaceutical excipient acids in this research. Their promotion of the percutaneous absorption of three drugs as the model, flurbiprofen(FP), isosorbide dinitrate(ISDN) and donepezil(DNP), which were selected based on their physicochemical properties,was tested by in vitro skin penetration and in vivo. Molecular simulation, ATR-FTIR, CLSM and histological observation were implement to evaluate the mode of action of the enhancers.The results indicated that(E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl tetradecanoate(GER-C14, trans-)achieved the highest enhancement ability for the three drugs;additionally, the in vivo results obtained were in good correlation with the in vitro data. Molecular docking results suggested that enhancers loosen the hydrogen bonds between ceramides, and the results of molecular simulation indicated that GER-C14, NER-C14 could insert into the middle of the lipid bilayer to form an independent phase. According to ATR-FTIR and histological evaluation, the enhancers extracted lipids and influenced the protein region, thereby disturbing the skin array. In addition, CLSM described the dynamic effects of enhancers on lipids between stratum corneum(SC) cells. In conclusion, GER-C14 had a better penetration promotion effect, which broadened our understanding of stereoisomeric penetration enhancers.

An Energy Efficient Control Strategy for Electric Vehicle Driven by In-Wheel-Motors Based on Discrete Adaptive Sliding Mode Control

This paper presents an energy-efficient control strategy for electric vehicles(EVs)driven by in-wheel-motors(IWMs)based on discrete adaptive sliding mode control(DASMC).The nonlinear vehicle model,tire model and IWM model are established at first to represent the operation mechanism of the whole system.Based on the modeling,two virtual control variables are used to represent the longitudinal and yaw control efforts to coordinate the vehicle motion control.Then DASMC method is applied to calculate the required total driving torque and yaw moment,which can improve the tracking performance as well as the system robustness.According to the vehicle nonlinear model,the additional yaw moment can be expressed as a function of longitudinal and lateral tire forces.For further control scheme development,a tire force estimator using an unscented Kalman filter is designed to estimate real-time tire forces.On these bases,energy efficient torque allocation method is developed to distribute the total driving torque and differential torque to each IWM,considering the motor energy consumption,the tire slip energy consumption,and the brake energy~?recovery.Simulation results of the proposed control strategy using the co-platform of Matlab/Simulink and CarSim way.

MoS_(2) nanoflowers coupled with ultrafine Ir nanoparticles for efficient acid overall water splitting reaction

Bi-functional electrocatalysts for acid overall water splitting reactions are crucial but still challenging to the development of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis.Herein,an efficient bi-functional catalyst of Ir/MoS_(2) nanoflowers(Ir/MoS_(2) NFs) catalyst was reported for acidic water electrolysis which can be constructed by coupling three-dimensionally interconnected MoS_(2) NFs with ultrafine Ir nanoparticles.A more suitable adsorption ability for the H* and *OOH intermediates was revealed,where the Ir sites were proposed as the main active center and MoS_(2) promoted the charge relocation to electronically modify the interfacial structure.The significant interfacial charge redistribution between the MoS_(2) NFs and the Ir active sites synergistically induced excellent catalytic activity and stability for the water electrolysis reaction.Specifically,the catalyst required overpotentials of 270 and 35 mV to reach a kinetic current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)for OER and HER,respectively,loading on the glass carbon electrode,with high catalytic kinetics,stability,and catalytic efficiency.A two-electrode system constructed by Ir/MoS_(2) NFs drove 10 mA cm^(-2)at a cell voltage of 1.55 V,about 70 mV lower than that of the commercial Pt/C||IrO_(2) system.In addition,partial surface oxidation of Ir nanoparticles to generate high-valent Ir species was also found significant to accelerate OER.The enhanced catalytic performance was attributed to the strong metal-support interaction in the Ir/MoS_(2) NFs catalyst system that changed the electronic structure of Ir metal and promoted the synergistic catalytic effect between Ir and MoS_(2) NFs.The work presented a novel platform of Ir-catalyst for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis.

Optical System Design of Inter-Spacecraft Laser Interferometry Telescope

The fundamental measurement of space gravitational wave detection is to monitor the relative motion between pairs of freely falling test masses using heterodyne laser interferometry to a precision of 10 pm. The masses under test are millions of kilometers apart. The inter-spacecraft laser interferometry telescope deliver laser efficiently from one spacecraft to another. It is an important component of the gravitational wave detection observatory. It needs to meet the requirements of large compression ratio, high image quality and extraordinary stray light suppression ability. Based on the primary aberration theory, the method of the large compression ratio off-axis four-mirror optical system design is explored. After optimization, the system has an entrance pupil of 200 mm, compression ratio of 40 times, scientific field of view (FOV) of ±8 μrad. To facilitate suppressing the stray light and delivering the laser beam to the back-end scientific interferometers, the intermediate images and the real exit pupils are spatially available. Over the full FOV, the maximum root mean square (RMS) wavefront error is less than 0.007λ, PV value is less than 0.03λ (λ = 1064 nm). The image quality is approached to the diffraction-limit. The TTL noise caused by the wavefront error of the telescope is analyzed. The TTL noise in the image space of 300 μrad range is less than 1 × 10-10 m whose slope is lower than 0.6 μm/rad, which is under the noise budget of the laser interferometer space antenna (LISA), satisfying the requirements of space gravitational wave detection.

Negative thermal expansion in NbF_(3)and NbOF_(2):A comparative theoretical study

Thermal expansion control is always an obstructive factor and challenging in high precision engineering field.Here,the negative thermal expansion of NbF_(3)and NbOF_(2)was predicted by first-principles calculation with density functional theory and the quasi-harmonic approximation(QHA).We studied the total charge density,thermal vibration,and lattice dynamic to investigate the thermal expansion mechanism.We found that the presence of O induced the relatively strong covalent bond in NbOF_(2),thus weakening the transverse vibration of F and O in NbOF_(2),compared with the case of NbF_(3).In this study,we proposed a way to tailor negative thermal expansion of metal fluorides by introducing the oxygen atoms.The present work not only predicts two NTE compounds,but also provides an insight on thermal expansion control by designing chemical bond type.

Isotropic negative thermal expansion and its mechanism in tetracyanidoborate salt CuB(CN)_(4)

The control of thermal expansion is essential in applications where thermal stability is required from fiber optics coatings,high performance fuel cell cathodes to tooth fillings.Negative thermal expansion(NTE)materials,although rare,are fundamental for this purpose.This work focuses on studying tetracyanidoborate salt CuB(CN)_(4),an interesting cubicstructure material that displays large isotropic NTE.A joint study of synchrotron x-ray diffraction,temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy,and lattice dynamics calculations was conducted,showing that not only low-frequency optical modes(transverse thermal vibrations of N and C atoms)but also the acoustic modes(the vibrations of Cu atoms as a collective torsion of the neighboring atoms),contribute to NTE.As a result,new insights were gained into the NTE mechanism of CuB(CN)_(4) and related framework materials.

Classifying Traveling Wave Solutions to the Zhiber-Shabat Equation

By the complete discrimination system for polynomials, we classify exact traveling wave solutions to the Zhiber-Shabat equation, and compute some new traveling wave solutions.

Research Progress and Trends of Domestic Smart Learning Environment

In order to explore the main progress and current status of domestic research on smart learning environment, this paper takes 260 core and CSSCI journal papers included in the CNKI database as the research objects, and uses CiteSpace visual analysis software and uses bibliometrics and knowledge graph analysis as the main research methods, summarizes and analyzes the time distribution of the literature, the distribution of institutions and authors, co-occurrence and clustering of keywords, and research hotspots,etc.

Analysis on the Correlation between Fasting Blood-glucose and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective： The correlation between the fasting blood-glucose （FBG） in early pregnancy and the gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） was studied. Methods： The clinical data of 300 pregnant women receiving a treatment from Yongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Langfang Health Vocational College from September 2012 to September 2013 was chosen; these cases were divided into group 6.9-6.0 mmol/L （35 cases）, group 5.9~5.0 mmol/L （58 cases）, group 4.9~4.5 mmol/L （120 cases）, and group 4.4~4.0mmol/L （108 cases） according to the range of the normal FBG. The proportional differences among the pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in different groups during the late pregnancy as well as the maternal and fetal prognosis were compared. Results： The proportion of the pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in group 6.9-6.0 mmol/L and group 5.9-5.0 mmol/L during the middle-late pregnancy was significantly higher than that of group 4.9-4.5 mmol/L and group 4.4-4.0mmol/L; there was no significant proportional difference among the pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in group 6.9~6.0 mmol/L and group 5.9-5.0 mmol/L during the middle-late pregnancy; there was no significant proportional difference among the pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in group 4.9-4.5 mmol/L and group 4.4-4.0mmol/L during the middle-late pregnancy. Conclusion： The risk of the pregnant women with FBG is higher than that of the normal pregnant women in suffering GDM during the early pregnancy, so attention should be paid to early blood glucose test and the blood glucose level should be positively controlled once they are defmitely diagnosed with GDM, and then the perinatal and maternal survival quality can be improved.

Strategies to enhance shotgun lipidomics for comprehensive analysis of cellular lipids

The discipline of lipidomics, as coined in 2003, has made profound advances and been rapidly expanded. Direct infusion-based shotgun lipidomics contributes a major part of the research in this discipline. However, despite of its numerous advantages over other lipidomics platforms, the classical shotgun lipidomics approach suffers ion suppression and has the difficulties to assess low abundance lipid classes, particularly those less ionizable or that do not yield sensitive and specific fragments. To overcome this obstacle and broaden coverage, strategies have been developed based on unique chemistry and/or physics of lipid classes of interest to enhance shotgun lipidomics. This article overviews the recent enhancements of shotgun lipidomics, including prefractionation, acid/base hydrolysis, derivatization, charge feature utilization. We believe that, by this versatile platform, comprehensive coverage of cellular lipidomes would be achieved in more accurate and effective manner. Therefore, application of the enhanced shotgun lipidomics would greatly accelerate lipidomics research to substantiate the aberrant lipid metabolism, signaling, trafficking, and homeostasis under pathological conditions and their underpinning biochemical mechanisms. It would also facilitate precision medicine studies.