Dear Editor,The advantages of robotic technology including improved dexterity and visualization are particularly evident in challenging reconstructive procedures of the lower urinary tract[1,2].A recent literature rev...Dear Editor,The advantages of robotic technology including improved dexterity and visualization are particularly evident in challenging reconstructive procedures of the lower urinary tract[1,2].A recent literature review confirmed the feasibility and efficacy of robot-assisted ureteral reimplantation in case of complex anatomy or prior surgery[3].Intra-corporeal ureteral tapering and dismembering are also feasible options using robot-assisted surgery[4].展开更多
Background:Abnormalities involving the skin coverage of the penis are diffi cult to defi ne,but they can significantly alter penile appearance,and be a cause of parental concern.Data sources:The present review was bas...Background:Abnormalities involving the skin coverage of the penis are diffi cult to defi ne,but they can significantly alter penile appearance,and be a cause of parental concern.Data sources:The present review was based on a non-systematic search of the English language medical literature using a combination of key words including"penile skin anomalies"and the specific names of the different conditions.Results:Conditions were addressed in the following order,those mainly affecting the prepuce(phimosis,balanitis xerotica obliterans,balanitis,paraphimosis),those which alter penile configuration(inconspicuous penis and penile torsion),and lastly focal lesions(cysts,nevi and vascular lesions).Most of these anomalies are congenital,have no or minimal influence on urinary function,and can be detected on clinical examination.Spontaneous improvement is possible.In the majority of cases undergoing surgery,the potential psychological implications of genital malformation on patient development are the main reason for treatment,and the age generally recommended for surgery is after 12 months of age.Conclusion:This review provides the pediatrician with a handy tool to identify the most common penile skin anomalies,counsel parents adequately,make sensible and evidence based choices for management,and recognize complications or untoward outcomes in patients undergoing surgery.展开更多
文摘Dear Editor,The advantages of robotic technology including improved dexterity and visualization are particularly evident in challenging reconstructive procedures of the lower urinary tract[1,2].A recent literature review confirmed the feasibility and efficacy of robot-assisted ureteral reimplantation in case of complex anatomy or prior surgery[3].Intra-corporeal ureteral tapering and dismembering are also feasible options using robot-assisted surgery[4].
文摘Background:Abnormalities involving the skin coverage of the penis are diffi cult to defi ne,but they can significantly alter penile appearance,and be a cause of parental concern.Data sources:The present review was based on a non-systematic search of the English language medical literature using a combination of key words including"penile skin anomalies"and the specific names of the different conditions.Results:Conditions were addressed in the following order,those mainly affecting the prepuce(phimosis,balanitis xerotica obliterans,balanitis,paraphimosis),those which alter penile configuration(inconspicuous penis and penile torsion),and lastly focal lesions(cysts,nevi and vascular lesions).Most of these anomalies are congenital,have no or minimal influence on urinary function,and can be detected on clinical examination.Spontaneous improvement is possible.In the majority of cases undergoing surgery,the potential psychological implications of genital malformation on patient development are the main reason for treatment,and the age generally recommended for surgery is after 12 months of age.Conclusion:This review provides the pediatrician with a handy tool to identify the most common penile skin anomalies,counsel parents adequately,make sensible and evidence based choices for management,and recognize complications or untoward outcomes in patients undergoing surgery.
