煤基硬炭在钠离子电池负极材料中的应用研究进展

煤炭是全球储量最丰富、分布最广泛且使用最经济的能源之一。在可预见的未来,煤炭仍将是世界主要能源。在“双碳”背景下,探索煤炭资源的高效清洁利用是一项重要而紧迫的工作。本文简述了硬炭在钠离子电池中的存储机理,分析了以4种不同变质程度的煤作为前驱体调控硬炭结构的方式和电化学性能的差异,总结了煤基硬炭材料在钠离子电池应用中存在的共性问题,指出了目前煤基硬炭的研究重点和改进方向。研究成果可为煤基硬炭原料选择、结构调控、缺陷设计等提供参考。

Enhanced Differentiable Architecture Search Based on Asymptotic Regularization

In differentiable search architecture search methods,a more efficient search space design can significantly improve the performance of the searched architecture,thus requiring people to carefully define the search space with different complexity according to various operations.Meanwhile rationalizing the search strategies to explore the well-defined search space will further improve the speed and efficiency of architecture search.With this in mind,we propose a faster and more efficient differentiable architecture search method,AllegroNAS.Firstly,we introduce a more efficient search space enriched by the introduction of two redefined convolution modules.Secondly,we utilize a more efficient architectural parameter regularization method,mitigating the overfitting problem during the search process and reducing the error brought about by gradient approximation.Meanwhile,we introduce a natural exponential cosine annealing method to make the learning rate of the neural network training process more suitable for the search procedure.Moreover,group convolution and data augmentation are employed to reduce the computational cost.Finally,through extensive experiments on several public datasets,we demonstrate that our method can more swiftly search for better-performing neural network architectures in a more efficient search space,thus validating the effectiveness of our approach.

菠菜粉中农药残留能力验证结果分析及检测质量控制探讨

噻虫嗪与噻虫胺两种农药在近几年食品安全抽检不合格公告中多次出现,已成为日常食品检测中检出阳性率较高的农药种类之一,并列入国家食品安全抽检细则中必检项。为进一步考察承担食品安全抽检工作的机构关于蔬菜中噻虫嗪与噻虫胺的检测能力,组织并开展了菠菜粉中农药残留能力验证活动。在本文中,以能力验证考核的相关文件为依据,利用Z比分数对参加实验室结果进行结果评价,并针对各实验室的方法信息单以及原始图谱中发现的问题提出解决方案和建议,以期协助各机构进一步提高检测能力和质量控制水平。同时,本次能力验证活动有效地考察了食品安全抽检承检机构的检测能力,为市场监管局食品安全监管效能提供保证。

Guest Editorial:Special issue on media convergence and intelligent technology in the metaverse

The metaverse is a new type of Internet application and social form that integrates a variety of new technologies,including artificial intelligence,digital twins,block chain,cloud computing,virtual reality,robots,with brain-computer interfaces,and 5G.Media convergence technology is a systematic and comprehensive discipline that applies the theories and methods of modern science and technology to the development of media innovation,mainly including multimedia creation,production,communication,service,consumption,reproduction and so on.The emergence of new technologies,such as deep learning,distributed computing,and extended reality has promoted the development of media integration in the metaverse,and these technologies are the key factors that promote the current transformation of the Internet to the metaverse.

Construction and Quality Assurance of Outstanding Applied Horticultural Talent Training Curriculum System under the Background of New Agricultural Science:A Case Study of Huaiyin Institute of Technology

Huaiyin Institute of Technology is taken as the research object.The content of horticulture curriculum system under the background of new agricultural science is constructed and elaborated,including theoretical curriculum system of"three platforms and seven curriculum groups"and practice system of"two platforms,three levels and four modules".Moreover,the quality assurance strategy of the curriculum system is discussed from three angles of enhancing professional emotion,enhancing professional practice and strengthening innovation ability,to reach the training objective of outstanding applied horticultural talents under the background of new agricultural science.

远程智慧延伸护理干预在类风湿关节炎患者中应用效果的Meta分析

目的 系统评价远程智慧延伸护理干预类风湿关节炎(Rheumatoid Arthritis, RA)患者的疗效。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、CNKI、CBM、WanFang、EMbase、SinoMed和VIP数据库,收集关于远程智慧管理模式干预RA患者疗效的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限为建库至2022年9月。应用RevMan 5.4.1软件进行统计分析。结果 最终纳入19篇RCT,2411例患者,Meta分析结果显示远程智慧延伸护理可提高RA患者的日常生活质量[Z=5.96,OR=9.92,95%CI:6.66~13.18,P<0.00001];减少疾病活动度[Z=-12.42,OR=-2.18,95%CI:-3.02~-1.34,P<0.00001];降低晨僵时间[Z=-10.66,MD=-6.23,95%CI:-7.37~-5.08,P<0.00001];降低疼痛评分[Z=-12.44,OR=-0.82,95%CI:-1.14~-0.49,P<0.00001];降低焦虑水平[Z=-11.76,OR=-11.30,95%CI:-13.22~-9.38,P<0.00001];降低抑郁水平[Z=16.55,MD=-8.87,95%CI:-9.92~-7.82,P<0.00001]。结论 当前有限证据表明,远程智慧延伸护理干预可提高RA患者的自我护理能力、自我效能感,改善生活质量,改善负性情绪的产生,提高治疗依从性。受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。

Exploring evolutionary features of directed weighted hazard network in the subway construction

A better understanding of previous accidents is an effective way to reduce the occurrence of similar accidents in the future. In this paper, a complex network approach is adopted to construct a directed weighted hazard network(DWHN) to analyze topological features and evolution of accidents in the subway construction. The nodes are hazards and accidents, the edges are multiple relationships of these nodes and the weight of edges are occurrence times of repetitive relationships. The results indicate that the DWHN possesses the property of small-world with small average path length and large clustering coefficient, indicating that hazards have better connectivity and will spread widely and quickly in the network. Moreover,the DWHN has the property of scale-free network for the cumulative degree distribution follows a power-law distribution.It makes DWHN more vulnerable to target attacks. Controlling key nodes with higher degree, strength and betweenness centrality will destroy the connectivity of DWHN and mitigate the spreading of accidents in the network. This study is helpful for discovering inner relationships and evolutionary features of hazards and accidents in the subway construction.

A transformer generative adversarial network for multi-track music generation

This study proposes a new generation network based on transformers and guided by the music theory to produce high-quality music work.In this study,the decoding block of the transformer is used to learn the internal information of single-track music,and cross-track transformers are used to learn the information amongst the tracks of different musical instruments.A reward network based on the music theory is proposed,which optimizes the global and local loss objective functions while training and discriminating the network so that the reward network can provide a reliable adjustment method for the generation of the network.The method of combining the reward network and cross entropy loss is used to guide the training of the generator and produce high-quality music work.Compared with other multi-track music generation models,the experimental results verify the validity of the model.

Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Selection of Shield Tunneling Parameter Values

This article proposes an exponential adjustment inertia weight immune particle swarm optimization(EAIW-IPSO)to enhance the accuracy and reliability regarding the selection of shield tunneling parameter values.According to the iteration changes and the range of inertia weight in particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO),the inertia weight is adjusted by the form of exponential function.Meanwhile,the self-regulation mechanism of the immune system is combined with the PSO.12 benchmark functions and the realistic cases of shield tunneling parameter value selection are utilized to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed EAIW-IPSO algorithm.Comparison with other improved PSO indicates that EAIW-IPSO has better performance to solve unimodal and multimodal optimization problems.When solving the selection of shield tunneling parameter values,EAIW-IPSO can provide more accurate and reliable references for the realistic engineering.

Powdery mildew disease resistance and markerassisted screening at the Pm60 locus in wild diploid wheat Triticum urartu

Triticum urartu,a diploid wild wheat and progenitor of the A genome of bread wheat,is an important resource for resistance to powdery mildew fungus caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt).In the present study we systematically characterized the interaction between the Bgt fungus and T.urartu at the microscopic level.We also tested 227 T.urartu accessions for reaction to Bgt isolate E09 and discovered previously uncategorized powdery mildew resistance in this collection.Pm60 is a CC-NB-LRR type powdery mildew resistance gene that has at least three functional alleles,Pm60,Pm60a,and Pm60b.A marker-assisted screen targeting the Pm60 locus identified a non-functional allele of Pm60a,designated as Pm60a′.A sequence comparison of Pm60a′and Pm60a revealed that they differed by 58 SNPs and one 3-nucleotide deletion.Based on the sequence variations two molecular markers were developed to differentiate the functional Pm60a allele from the non-functional Pm60a′.Our screen revealed the presence of a previously uncharacterized powdery mildew resistance in T.urartu and provides new insights into the Pm60 locus.We believe that the two molecular markers developed here and new T.urartu resistant accessions will facilitate further identification of novel powdery mildew resistance genes and benefit breeding for powdery mildew resistance.

检验检测报告风险分析评价

为指导检验检测机构提升报告质量、防控报告风险,使用《风险管理原则及实施指南》中的方法原理并结合相关认证认可的要求,制定检验检测报告风险评估方案。对搜集到的近年来江苏省内相关实验室出具的检验检测报告开展风险识别、分析、评价,提出风险等级划分方案,得到风险等级为三、四级的报告要素,并给予检验检测机构指导建议。

Recent advances in artificial intelligence generated content

Artificial intelligence generated content(AIGC)has been a research hotspot in the field of artificial intelligence in recent years.It is expected to replace humans in performing some of the work of content generation at a low cost and a high volume,such as music,painting,multimodal content generation,news articles,summary reports,stock commentary summaries,and even content and digital people generated in the meta-universe.AIGC provides a new technical path for the development and implementation of AI in the future.

海关实验室仪器设备绩效评价模式探析

本文根据海关实验室仪器设备管理需求,探析了对实验室仪器设备使用绩效进行评价的宏观和微观两种模式,分别设计了评价指标体系,可供实验室管理部门按照需求参考借鉴。

基于杯吡啶大环分子(Py[n])协同配位的有机金属簇可控合成及其反应性研究

得益于尺寸匹配原理及配位协同效应,大环配体对金属离子具有高选择性和良好的亲和力.此外,多齿大环配体既可以基于大环效应作为外部支架起到保护作用,又可以利用内部的配位位点有利于多核金属簇聚集体的形成,为可控地合成多核金属簇提供了一种良好的平台.本文综述了氮甲基桥连杯吡啶(Py[n])多齿大环配体在结合金属离子的过程中显著的协同配位效应,以及Py[n]作为外模板在可控合成多核金属簇中的应用.研究表明,通过调节Py[n]的大小来控制中心金属核数,以及改变炔基中心阴离子的数量、角度以及距离等参数可以形成多种组装结构.此外,基于Py[8]大环分子的保护作用,能够有效地实现银离子催化过程中大环–银簇中间体和Ag13纳米簇组装体的转变,以及铜催化金属有机转化中铜–氧–炔基三元复合物中间体的结构分离和反应性探究.

Durable natural killer cell response after three doses of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in HIV-infected individuals

Background:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccine can induce a potent cellular and humoral immune response to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,it was unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can induce effective natural killer(NK)cell response in people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLWH)and healthy individuals.Methods:Forty-seven PLWH and thirty healthy controls(HCs)inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine were enrolled from Beijing Youan Hospital in this study.The effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on NK cell frequency,phenotype,and function in PLWH and HCs was evaluated by flow cytometry,and the response of NK cells to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike(SARS-2-OS)protein stimulation was also evaluated.Results:SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation elicited activation and degranulation of NK cells in PLWH,which peaked at 2 weeks and then decreased to a minimum at 12 weeks after the third dose of vaccine.However,in vitro stimulation of the corresponding peripheral blood monocular cells from PLWH with SARS-2-OS protein did not upregulate the expression of the aforementioned markers.Additionally,the frequencies of NK cells expressing the activation markers CD25 and CD69 in PLWH were significantly lower than those in HCs at 0,4 and 12 weeks,but the percentage of CD16^(+)NK cells in PLWH was significantly higher than that in HCs at 2,4 and 12 weeks after the third dose of vaccine.Interestingly,the frequency of CD16^(+)NK cells was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of CD107a^(+)NK cells in PLWH at each time point after the third dose.Similarly,this phenomenon was also observed in HCs at 0,2,and 4 weeks after the third dose.Finally,regardless of whether NK cells were stimulated with SARS-2-OS or not,we did not observe any differences in the expression of NK cell degranulation markers between PLWH and HCs.Conclusions:SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicited activation and degranulation of NK cells,indicating that the inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine enhances NK cell immune response.

Implementing Routine HIV Screening in Hospitals:An Effective Practice to Expand HIV Testing—Xishuangbanna Prefecture,Yunnan Province,China,2019–2020

Summary What is already known about this topic?Research evidence is insufficient to suggest whether routine human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)screening in healthcare settings is effective in promoting greater awareness of HIV-positive status.What is added by this report?This study found that,following the implementation of routine HIV screening in hospitals in Xishuangbanna Prefecture,Yunnan Province,there was a significant increase in the number of HIV screenings,positive results,and the positive rate of HIV screening in primary-level hospitals.What are the implications for public health practice?Routine hospital-based HIV screening is effective in identifying HIV infections in areas with concentrated epidemics.

Language clustering with word co-occurrence networks based on parallel texts

This study investigates the feasibility of applying complex networks to fine-grained language classification and of employing word co-occurrence networks based on parallel texts as a substitute for syntactic dependency networks in complex-network-based language classification.14 word co-occurrence networks were constructed based on parallel texts of 12 Slavic languages and 2 non-Slavic languages,respectively.With appropriate combinations of major parameters of these networks,cluster analysis was able to distinguish the Slavic languages from the non-Slavic and correctly group the Slavic languages into their respective sub-branches.Moreover,the clustering could also capture the genetic relationships of some of these Slavic languages within their sub-branches.The results have shown that word co-occurrence networks based on parallel texts are applicable to fine-grained language classification and they constitute a more convenient substitute for syntactic dependency networks in complex-network-based language classification.

Intra-host Ebola viral adaption during human infection

The onsite next generation sequencing(NGS)of Ebola virus(EBOV)genomes during the 2013–2016 Ebola epidemic in Western Africa provides an opportunity to trace the origin,transmission,and evolution of this virus.Herein,we have diagnosed a cohort of EBOV patients in Sierra Leone in 2015,during the late phase of the outbreak.The surviving EBOV patients had a recovery process characterized by decreasing viremia,fever,and biochemical parameters.EBOV genomes sequenced through the longitudinal blood samples of these patients showed dynamic intra-host substitutions of the virus during acute infection,including the previously described short stretches of 13 serial TNC mutations.Remarkably,within individual patients,samples collected during the early phase of infection possessed Ts at these nucleotide sites,whereas they were replaced by Cs in samples collected in the later phase,suggesting that these short stretches of TNC mutations could emerge independently.In addition,up to a total of 35 nucleotide sites spanning the EBOV genome were mutated coincidently.Our study showed the dynamic intra-host adaptation of EBOV during patient recovery and gave more insight into the complex EBOV-host interactions.

In vitro inhibition of HIV-1 replication in autologous CD4*T cells indicates viral containment by multifactorial mechanisms

HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) and neutralizing antibodies(NAbs) are present during chronic infection, but the relative contributions of these effector mechanisms to viral containment remain unclear. Here, using an in vitro model involving autologous CD4+ T cells,primary HIV-1 isolates, HIV-1-specific CTLs, and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, we show that b12, a potent and broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody to HIV-1, was able to block viral infection when preincubated with virus prior to infection, but was much less effective than CTLs at limiting virus replication when added to infected cell cultures. However, the same neutralizing antibody was able to contain viruses by antibody-dependent cell-mediated virus inhibition in vitro,which was mediated by natural killer cells(NKs) and dependent on an Fc-Fc receptor interaction.Meanwhile, bulk CTLs from HIV-1 controllers were more effective in suppression of virus replication than those from progressors. These findings indicate that control of HIV-1 replication in activated CD4^+ T cells is ineffectively mediated by neutralizing antibodies alone, but that both CTLs and antibody-dependent NK-mediated immune mechanisms contribute to viral containment. Our study systemically compared three major players in controlling HIV-1 infection, CTLs, NAbs, and NKs, in an autologous system and highlighted the multifactorial mechanisms for viral containment and vaccine success.

Biosafety and immunology:An interdisciplinary field for health priority

Biosafety hazards can trigger a host immune response after infection,invasion,or contact with the host.Whether infection with a microorganism results in disease or biosafety concerns depends to a large extent on the immune status of the population.Therefore,it is essential to investigate the immunological character-istics of the host and the mechanisms of biological threats and agents to protect the host more effectively.Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases,such as the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pan-demic,have raised concerns regarding both biosafety and immunology worldwide.Interdisciplinary studies involved in biosafety and immunology are relevant in many fields,including the development of vaccines and other immune interventions such as monoclonal antibodies and T-cells,herd immunity(or population-level barrier immunity),immunopathology,and multispecies immunity,i.e.,animals and even plants.Meanwhile,advances in immunological science and technology are occurring rapidly,resulting in important research achievements that may contribute to the recognition of emerging biosafety hazards,as well as early warning,prevention,and defense systems.This review provides an overview of the interdisciplinary field of biosafety and immunology.Close collaboration and innovative application of immunology in the field of bio-safety is becoming essential for human health.