In perspective of breeding high-yield hybrid pepper varieties, combining ability analysis of net photosynthesis rate at different phases of flowering and fruit setting in pepper was made with 15 cross combinations fro...In perspective of breeding high-yield hybrid pepper varieties, combining ability analysis of net photosynthesis rate at different phases of flowering and fruit setting in pepper was made with 15 cross combinations from 6 parents by （1/2） n （n- 1） diallel crosses. There are relatively large differences not only in general combining ability （GCA） effect among different parents and at different phases of flowering and fruit setting, but also in specific combining ability （SCA） effect among different hybrids. There are relatively large GCA effects in late parents but relatively less GCA effects in early parents. No obvious laws have been found in the relationship between SCA effects and maturity of hybrids. Variances of SCA are larger than those of GCA. Heritability is less but influence of environment is larger. Correlation analysis of combining ability between net photosynthesis rate and agronomic character or resistances to main diseases has showed that correlation coefficients of GCA are relatively large at the medium phase and the late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and fruit characters. Correlation coefficients of SCA are relatively large at the early phase and the late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and plant characters at the early phase but to plant characters and fruit characters at the late phase. Correlation coefficients of SCA between net photosynthesis rate and resistances to main diseases are larger than those of GCA. The combining abilities of net photosynthesis rate at different phases of flowering and fruit setting are positively correlated with those of yield per plant. The combining ability is an important parameter of breeding of high photosynthesis hybrid pepper varieties.展开更多
Fifteen capsicum combinations were made with 6 parents by （1/2）n（n-1） diallel crossing. Genetic parameters in the resistance to TMV, CMV, phytophthora blight, bacterial spot of these combinations were studied by H...Fifteen capsicum combinations were made with 6 parents by （1/2）n（n-1） diallel crossing. Genetic parameters in the resistance to TMV, CMV, phytophthora blight, bacterial spot of these combinations were studied by Hayman. The results indicated that the resistance to TMV, CMV and bacterial spot conformed genetically to the “additive-dominant” model but the resistance to phytophthora blight did not and significant epistatic dominance effect existed in it. F1 hybrid＇s resistance to CMV was controlled by homozygous dominant gene （s）, but resistance to bacterial spot by heterozygous one （s）. There were little, or no sum of dominant effect and genomes controlling the dominant expression of F1 hybrids in its phytophthora blight resistance.展开更多
The tested soils containing different Cd levels were obtained by mixing the normal cultivated soils with the Cd-contaminated soils taken from the paddies near a mine. Five major categories of vegetables, i.e. cucumber...The tested soils containing different Cd levels were obtained by mixing the normal cultivated soils with the Cd-contaminated soils taken from the paddies near a mine. Five major categories of vegetables, i.e. cucumber, cowpea, Bok choy, radish and lettuce, widely planted in the spring and autumn in Hunan Province, were selected for pool-culture experiments. Results showed that the Cd accumulations varied greatly according to the category of vegetables. The Cd accumulations in cucumber and cowpea growing in soils with high Cd levels (1.5 mg/kg) were within the threshold limits of the national standards, meaning that these two categories are safe to grow in Cd-contaminated soils. For either the cucumber or the cowpea category, there were no significant differences in the Cd accumulations of different genotypes. Most of the tested Bok choy and radish cultivars could grow safely in soils whose Cd levels were below 1.0 mg/kg. In comparison, the Cd accumulations in some cultivars tended to increase sharply as the Cd level in the soil went beyond 1.0 mg/kg. Significant variations were also observed in the Cd accumulations of different genotypes with mounting Cd levels in the soil. Besides, there were no positive correlations between Cd accumulations in plants and Cd levels in soils, indicating large fluctuations and poor ecological stability of Bok choy and radish. Therefore, the planting of Bok choy and radish should be strictly evaluated and controlled in Cdcontaminated regions. The Cd contents of most celtuce cultivars growing in mildlycontaminated soils had already exceeded the threshold limit. Therefore, it is not safe for celtuce to grow in Cd-contaminated environments.展开更多
Bolaxinhongxiu is a new cayenne pepper cultivar produced by crossing SJ008-5-2-1 (female parent) with 0622-1-3-2-1-1 (male parent). It can be used in its fresh form or as a processed product. Bolaxinhongxiu is a mid-m...Bolaxinhongxiu is a new cayenne pepper cultivar produced by crossing SJ008-5-2-1 (female parent) with 0622-1-3-2-1-1 (male parent). It can be used in its fresh form or as a processed product. Bolaxinhongxiu is a mid-maturing variety. Its first flower normally inserts in the 13th section;the plants are about 75 cm tall and 58 cm wide;the fruits are a group of tapering and mostly skinny peppers which colored jade green first and then turn tored-colored when ripe;they are about 28.5 cm long and 1.6 cm wide, often with bright but somewhat rippled skin;each pepper weighs around 28.7 g. Whether eaten raw or processed into chopped peppers or chili sauces, the fruits taste good with a strong pungent flavor. The plant has a vigorous root system and strong resistance to high temperature and drought;it is also highlyresistant to anthracnose, blight, and viral diseases. It is a cultivar with outstanding fruiting-rate and high yields, suitable for cultivation in mountains or the open fields along the Yangtze River Basin in spring and summer.展开更多
In order to understand the functions of ARF（Auxin Response Factor） gene family during the growth and development and under stress in pepper, 20 ARF genes were identified from the capsicum genome by bioinformatics an...In order to understand the functions of ARF（Auxin Response Factor） gene family during the growth and development and under stress in pepper, 20 ARF genes were identified from the capsicum genome by bioinformatics and these genes were not well-distributed on 12 chromosomes of pepper. The results of the phylogeny relationship showed that ARF genes of pepper could be divided into Class I and II and could be further divided into seven sub-groups： Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, IIa and IIb. The results of gene structure showed that ARF gene family members were composed of 1-15 exons, and for each gene expression level of different tissues at different developmental stages revealed that the gene family had certain expression specificity. The qRT-PCR uncovered that high salt stress could significantly activate and inhibit the expression ofARF gene family.展开更多
文摘In perspective of breeding high-yield hybrid pepper varieties, combining ability analysis of net photosynthesis rate at different phases of flowering and fruit setting in pepper was made with 15 cross combinations from 6 parents by （1/2） n （n- 1） diallel crosses. There are relatively large differences not only in general combining ability （GCA） effect among different parents and at different phases of flowering and fruit setting, but also in specific combining ability （SCA） effect among different hybrids. There are relatively large GCA effects in late parents but relatively less GCA effects in early parents. No obvious laws have been found in the relationship between SCA effects and maturity of hybrids. Variances of SCA are larger than those of GCA. Heritability is less but influence of environment is larger. Correlation analysis of combining ability between net photosynthesis rate and agronomic character or resistances to main diseases has showed that correlation coefficients of GCA are relatively large at the medium phase and the late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and fruit characters. Correlation coefficients of SCA are relatively large at the early phase and the late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and plant characters at the early phase but to plant characters and fruit characters at the late phase. Correlation coefficients of SCA between net photosynthesis rate and resistances to main diseases are larger than those of GCA. The combining abilities of net photosynthesis rate at different phases of flowering and fruit setting are positively correlated with those of yield per plant. The combining ability is an important parameter of breeding of high photosynthesis hybrid pepper varieties.
文摘Fifteen capsicum combinations were made with 6 parents by （1/2）n（n-1） diallel crossing. Genetic parameters in the resistance to TMV, CMV, phytophthora blight, bacterial spot of these combinations were studied by Hayman. The results indicated that the resistance to TMV, CMV and bacterial spot conformed genetically to the “additive-dominant” model but the resistance to phytophthora blight did not and significant epistatic dominance effect existed in it. F1 hybrid＇s resistance to CMV was controlled by homozygous dominant gene （s）, but resistance to bacterial spot by heterozygous one （s）. There were little, or no sum of dominant effect and genomes controlling the dominant expression of F1 hybrids in its phytophthora blight resistance.
文摘The tested soils containing different Cd levels were obtained by mixing the normal cultivated soils with the Cd-contaminated soils taken from the paddies near a mine. Five major categories of vegetables, i.e. cucumber, cowpea, Bok choy, radish and lettuce, widely planted in the spring and autumn in Hunan Province, were selected for pool-culture experiments. Results showed that the Cd accumulations varied greatly according to the category of vegetables. The Cd accumulations in cucumber and cowpea growing in soils with high Cd levels (1.5 mg/kg) were within the threshold limits of the national standards, meaning that these two categories are safe to grow in Cd-contaminated soils. For either the cucumber or the cowpea category, there were no significant differences in the Cd accumulations of different genotypes. Most of the tested Bok choy and radish cultivars could grow safely in soils whose Cd levels were below 1.0 mg/kg. In comparison, the Cd accumulations in some cultivars tended to increase sharply as the Cd level in the soil went beyond 1.0 mg/kg. Significant variations were also observed in the Cd accumulations of different genotypes with mounting Cd levels in the soil. Besides, there were no positive correlations between Cd accumulations in plants and Cd levels in soils, indicating large fluctuations and poor ecological stability of Bok choy and radish. Therefore, the planting of Bok choy and radish should be strictly evaluated and controlled in Cdcontaminated regions. The Cd contents of most celtuce cultivars growing in mildlycontaminated soils had already exceeded the threshold limit. Therefore, it is not safe for celtuce to grow in Cd-contaminated environments.
文摘Bolaxinhongxiu is a new cayenne pepper cultivar produced by crossing SJ008-5-2-1 (female parent) with 0622-1-3-2-1-1 (male parent). It can be used in its fresh form or as a processed product. Bolaxinhongxiu is a mid-maturing variety. Its first flower normally inserts in the 13th section;the plants are about 75 cm tall and 58 cm wide;the fruits are a group of tapering and mostly skinny peppers which colored jade green first and then turn tored-colored when ripe;they are about 28.5 cm long and 1.6 cm wide, often with bright but somewhat rippled skin;each pepper weighs around 28.7 g. Whether eaten raw or processed into chopped peppers or chili sauces, the fruits taste good with a strong pungent flavor. The plant has a vigorous root system and strong resistance to high temperature and drought;it is also highlyresistant to anthracnose, blight, and viral diseases. It is a cultivar with outstanding fruiting-rate and high yields, suitable for cultivation in mountains or the open fields along the Yangtze River Basin in spring and summer.
文摘In order to understand the functions of ARF（Auxin Response Factor） gene family during the growth and development and under stress in pepper, 20 ARF genes were identified from the capsicum genome by bioinformatics and these genes were not well-distributed on 12 chromosomes of pepper. The results of the phylogeny relationship showed that ARF genes of pepper could be divided into Class I and II and could be further divided into seven sub-groups： Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, IIa and IIb. The results of gene structure showed that ARF gene family members were composed of 1-15 exons, and for each gene expression level of different tissues at different developmental stages revealed that the gene family had certain expression specificity. The qRT-PCR uncovered that high salt stress could significantly activate and inhibit the expression ofARF gene family.
