This study aims to evaluate the subacute toxic effects of oil under different treatments on marine organism by simulating natural contaminative processes. In this study, 120# （RMD15） fuel oil was selected as the pol...This study aims to evaluate the subacute toxic effects of oil under different treatments on marine organism by simulating natural contaminative processes. In this study, 120# （RMD15） fuel oil was selected as the pollutant and marine medaka （Oryzias melastigma） embryos as the experimental organism. The developmental toxicity of different volume concentrations （0.05%, 0.2%, 1% and 5%） of water-accommodated fractions, biologically-enhanced water-accommodated fractions, and chemically-enhanced water-accommodated fractions on the embryos in different exposure time （8, 15 and 22 d） were compared and the content of relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） was studied （in dispersion and in vivo）. The subacute toxic effects were assessed in terms of antioxidant activities of enzymes （superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase） and the blue sac disease （BSD） indexes.The results showed that the BSD indexes of the treatment groups were significantly higher than the respective control groups and showed positive correlations with both concentration and exposure time. The experiments with three antioxidant enzymes indicated that enzymatic activities of the embryos changed dramatically under the oxidation stress of petroleum hydrocarbons, especially after adding the dispersants. With the increase of petroleum hydrocarbon concentration and exposure time, the three enzymes showed different degrees of induction and inhibition effects.展开更多
Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) were monitored at the Weissfluhjoch site (Switzerland) and the top of Mt. Sonnblick (Austria) with a low volume active air sampler and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD). The air sam...Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) were monitored at the Weissfluhjoch site (Switzerland) and the top of Mt. Sonnblick (Austria) with a low volume active air sampler and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD). The air sampling rates (Rair) of the SPMD for OCP were calculated. Statistical tests showed that there was no significant difference between Rair at the two different sampling sites. Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models of the Rair of the SPMD were developed for OCP using partial least square (PLS) regression. Quantum chemical descriptors computed by the semi-empirical PM6 method were used as predictor variables. The cumulative variance of the dependent variable explained by the PLS components and determined by cross-validation (Q2cum) was >0.818 for each optimal model. This indicates that the model has good predictive ability and robustness. The Rair of the SPMD for OCP is related to the total energy, the van der Waals area and the total dipole moment of the OCP molecules. The main factors governing Rair values of OCP are intermolecular interactions and the energy required for cavity-formation in dissolution of OCP into triolein of the SPMD. The linear correlation coefficient between predicted and experimental values were all >0.921.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41276105/D0608
文摘This study aims to evaluate the subacute toxic effects of oil under different treatments on marine organism by simulating natural contaminative processes. In this study, 120# （RMD15） fuel oil was selected as the pollutant and marine medaka （Oryzias melastigma） embryos as the experimental organism. The developmental toxicity of different volume concentrations （0.05%, 0.2%, 1% and 5%） of water-accommodated fractions, biologically-enhanced water-accommodated fractions, and chemically-enhanced water-accommodated fractions on the embryos in different exposure time （8, 15 and 22 d） were compared and the content of relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） was studied （in dispersion and in vivo）. The subacute toxic effects were assessed in terms of antioxidant activities of enzymes （superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase） and the blue sac disease （BSD） indexes.The results showed that the BSD indexes of the treatment groups were significantly higher than the respective control groups and showed positive correlations with both concentration and exposure time. The experiments with three antioxidant enzymes indicated that enzymatic activities of the embryos changed dramatically under the oxidation stress of petroleum hydrocarbons, especially after adding the dispersants. With the increase of petroleum hydrocarbon concentration and exposure time, the three enzymes showed different degrees of induction and inhibition effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20877011)the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KF2009-17)+2 种基金the Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, China Ministry of Education (0802)Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese ScholarsThe Monitoring Network in the Alpine Region for Persistent and other Organic Pollutants, MONARPOP, was funded by the EU Interreg III B Alpine Space Programme (Alpine Space) and by the participating partners
文摘Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) were monitored at the Weissfluhjoch site (Switzerland) and the top of Mt. Sonnblick (Austria) with a low volume active air sampler and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD). The air sampling rates (Rair) of the SPMD for OCP were calculated. Statistical tests showed that there was no significant difference between Rair at the two different sampling sites. Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models of the Rair of the SPMD were developed for OCP using partial least square (PLS) regression. Quantum chemical descriptors computed by the semi-empirical PM6 method were used as predictor variables. The cumulative variance of the dependent variable explained by the PLS components and determined by cross-validation (Q2cum) was >0.818 for each optimal model. This indicates that the model has good predictive ability and robustness. The Rair of the SPMD for OCP is related to the total energy, the van der Waals area and the total dipole moment of the OCP molecules. The main factors governing Rair values of OCP are intermolecular interactions and the energy required for cavity-formation in dissolution of OCP into triolein of the SPMD. The linear correlation coefficient between predicted and experimental values were all >0.921.
