Personalized laparoscopic radical resection of gallbladder cancer by staining of the liver draining area through ICG injection into the cholecystic artery

Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a common malignant tumor often diagnosed in advanced stages.Surgery is among the most important treatments for GBC.Radical resection of GBC involves removal of the gallbladder and the gallbladder bed[liver segments(S)4b and 5],and hepatoduodenal ligament regional lymphadenectomy.The main GBC metastasis modes are blood and lymph node metastases.The scope of resection/wedge resection or regular S4b and S5 hepatectomy for blood metastasis is a matter of debate.A variety of hepatectomy methods have been proposed for T2 stage GBC,but no consensus has been reached regarding the scope of radical resection.Currently,the liver resection range is determined by branches of the portal vein.S4b and S5 hepatectomy is determined according to the liver portal vein branch perfusion area,but the rationale for liver resection for GBC is to eliminate potential metastasis from the cystic vein reflux area to the liver.In the case described herein,we used a novel technique and theoretical framework to conduct laparoscopic radical resection of gallbladder cancer(LRRGC)facilitated by staining of the liver draining area with an indocyanine green(ICG)injection into the cholecystic artery.

农业触土机具仿生减阻抗磨特性研究进展

农业触土机具的减阻抗磨性能与其自身的工作效率和使用寿命密切相关。因此,降低土壤附着力、工作阻力和磨料磨损成为当今触土农具领域迫切需要解决的热点问题。仿生学理论创建以来,借鉴土壤生物独特的几何结构面、几何结构形状和特殊功能设计仿生农业触土机具,制备仿生结构复合涂层,实现从自然生物到人造功能表面仿生减阻抗磨已获得了广泛的关注和发展。从数值模拟、土槽试验和现场试验角度来重点介绍结构仿生、非光滑表面仿生和仿生结构复合涂层3种技术在农业触土机具的性能及其减阻抗磨机理,总结国内外研究进展,介绍仿生原理、特点、制备和研究过程,例举最新的科研成果以及应用效果,针对当前和更深入探索仿生土壤动物减阻抗磨研究提供更新、更全面的参考。最后,对现有农业触土机具仿生研究存在的仿真模拟土壤参数不真实、性能检测方法不完善、减阻抗磨机理分析较少、减阻抗磨综合研究较少等问题进行阐述。为了改善上述提到的机具阻力大和黏附导致的能耗严重,以及磨损较快导致机具失效情况加剧的问题,更好地适应农业触土机械高效、低损耗发展,农业触土机具仿生技术的未来应当从性能综合测试、多种技术多功能交叉仿生、智能仿生等方面发展。同时,采用先进制备技术结合仿生材料制备新型机具,进一步优化性能。

Recent progress of inverted organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells

In recent years,inverted perovskite solar cells(IPSCs)have attracted significant attention due to their low-temperature and cost-effective fabrication processes,hysteresis-free properties,excellent stability,and wide application.The efficiency gap between IPSCs and regular structures has shrunk to less than 1%.Over the past few years,IPSC research has mainly focused on optimizing power conversion efficiency to accelerate the development of IPSCs.This review provides an overview of recent improvements in the efficiency of IPSCs,including interface engineering and novel film production techniques to overcome critical obstacles.Tandem and integrated applications of IPSCs are also summarized.Furthermore,prospects for further development of IPSCs are discussed,including the development of new materials,methods,and device structures for novel IPSCs to meet the requirements of commercialization.

Crystallization Regulation and Morphological Evolution for HTM-free Tin-Lead (1.28eV) Alloyed Perovskite Solar Cells

There have been huge achievements of all-perovskite tandem solar cells,which recently realized the highest power conversion efficiency of 24.8%.However,the complex device structure and complicated manufacture processes severely restrict the further development of all-perovskite tandem solar cells.In this work,we successfully fabricated high-efficiency hole transport material-free(HTM-free)Sn−Pb alloyed narrow bandgap perovskite solar cells(PSCs)by introducing guanidinium thiocyanate(GASCN)and hydroiodic acid(HI)into the perovskite precursor solution.GASCN and HI play a positive synergy effect during perovskite crystallization process resulting in larger grain size,fewer surface defects,and lower trap density to suppress the Sn^(2+)oxidation degradation.Furthermore,they could effectively adjust the energy level of perovskite materials,reduce the energy level difference between perovskite and ITO resulting in more efficiently transport of free hole charge carriers.As a result,with adding GASCN and HI,the achieved highest power conversion efficiency of HTM-free devices increased from 12.58%to 17.85%,which is one of the highest PCEs among all values reported to date for the HTM-free narrow-bandgap(1.2-1.4 eV)Sn−Pb binary PSCs.Moreover,the optimized device shows improved environmental stability.Our additive strategy manifests a remarkable step towards the facile,cost-efficient fabrication of HTM-free perovskite-based tandem solar cells with both high efficiency and simple fabrication process.

激光织构形状间距对单晶硅摩擦磨损特性的影响

目的提高单晶硅的减摩耐磨性能。方法利用紫外激光在单晶硅试样表面刻蚀不同形状,间距为0.1、0.2、0.3 mm,宽度为0.2 mm的织构。基于MRTR-1摩擦磨损实验机,研究干摩擦条件下织构参数对单晶硅摩擦学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察单晶硅表面织构的微观形貌和磨痕形貌,用电子天平称量实验前后试样的质量,并计算磨损率,通过Ansys有限元软件模拟仿真试样表面应力和摩擦生热的温度分布。结果与无织构相比,刻蚀表面织构均能不同程度地降低试样的磨损率,磨损率从0.012 mm^(3)/(N·m)降至0.008 mm^(3)/(N·m);部分表面织构试样的摩擦因数下降,低于0.14;单晶硅试样的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。仿真结果表明,织构试样的平均等效应力均大于无织构试样,在单晶硅试样表面加工织构会影响其表面整体性,容易出现应力集中现象;织构试样表面高于环境温度的区域面积小于无织构试样,且试样表面的最高温度与摩擦因数呈正相关。结论在单晶硅表面加工织构,可以有效提高试样的耐磨性能,合适的织构参数还能够降低摩擦因数。通过加工表面织构,一方面可以影响试样的整体性,另一方面能够改善试样的散热性能。

石墨烯类涂层和表面织构对单晶硅摩擦性能的影响

为了改善单晶硅的减摩耐磨性能,利用紫外激光加工技术在单晶硅表面刻蚀出不同形状的表面织构,并在织构上沉积石墨烯和氧化石墨烯涂层,通过MRTR-1摩擦磨损试验机研究表面织构和石墨烯类涂层对单晶硅在干摩擦条件下摩擦学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察单晶硅试样的微观形貌及磨痕形貌,用电子天平称量实验前后试样的质量并计算磨损率。结果表明,与无织构试样相比,表面织构试样均能不同程度的降低磨损率,磨损率从0.012降至0.008以下;部分表面织构试样能够降低摩擦系数,摩擦系数低于0.14;单晶硅试样的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。由于表面织构能起到收集磨屑,存储涂层碎片的作用,加上石墨烯类涂层特殊的物理特性,二者的结合作用能够有效改善单晶硅的摩擦性能,显著降低磨损率,保护材料。

滑动轴承表面织构改性的减摩特性研究进展

滑动轴承是现代机械设备的核心部件之一,因其性能稳定可靠、工作噪音低、制造方便及种类繁多等特点,在工程中得到了广泛地应用。但在运行过程中受到不稳定工况的影响,轴承表面容易发生严重的摩擦磨损,甚至导致失效。表面织构改性是解决这一问题的有效方式之一,在减摩减损方面有着优异表现。概述了表面织构对滑动轴承减摩特性的研究进展,分析了表面织构的形状、排列形式、深度以及面积占有率对滑动轴承摩擦学性能的影响,并总结了表面织构与其他表面改性技术共同作用时的减摩性能。依据机械部件之间的摩擦系数体现出表面织构运用之后的摩擦学性能,可为后续研究者在该方向的研究提供参考。最后结合现有研究与未来需求,针对表面织构应用于滑动轴承的减摩研究做出展望。

Inhibition of SLC26A4 regulated by electroacupuncture suppresses the progression of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Introduction:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury has received widespread attention due to its damaging effects.Electroacupuncture(EA)pretreatment has preventive effects on myocardial IR injury.SLC26A4 is a Na+independent anion reverse transporter and has not been reported in myocardial IR injury.Objectives:Tofind potential genes that may be regulated by EA and explore the role of this gene in myocardial IR injury.Methods:RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to obtain the differentially expressed genes in the myocardial tissue of IR rats with EA pretreatment.Myocardial infarction size was detected by TTC staining.Serum CK,creatinine kinase-myocardial band,Cardiac troponin I,and lactate dehydrogenase levels were determined by ELISA.The effect of SLC26A4 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis was explored by TUNEL staining and western blotting.The effects of SLC26A4 on inflammation were determined by HE staining,ELISA,and real-time PCR.The effect of SLC26A4 on the NF-κB pathway was determined by western blotting.Results:SLC26A4 was up-regulated in IR rats but downregulated in IR rats with EA pretreatment.Compared with IR rats,those with SLC26A4 knockdown exhibited improved cardiac function according to decreased myocardial infarction size,reduced serum LDH/CK/CK-MB/cTnI levels,and elevated left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening.SLC26A4 silencing inhibited myocardial inflammation,cell apoptosis,phosphorylation,and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65.Conclusion:SLC26A4 exhibited promoting effects on myocardial IR injury,while the SLC26A4 knockdown had an inhibitory effect on the NF-κB pathway.These results further unveil the role of SLC26A4 in IR injury.

Molecular interaction mechanism in the separation of a binary azeotropic system by extractive distillation with ionic liquid

Ionic liquids(ILs)have shown excellent performance in the separation of binary azeotropes through extractive distillation[1].But the role of the ionic liquid in azeotropic system is not well understood.In this paper,COSMO-RS model was applied to screen an appropriate IL to separate the binary azeotrope of ethyl acetate(EA)and ethanol and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([OMIM][BF4])was selected.The Quantum Mechanics(QM)calculations and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation are performed to study the interactions between the solvent molecules and[OMIM][BF4],in order to investigate the separation mechanism at the molecular level.The nature of the interactions is studied through the reduced density gradient(RDG)function and quantum theory of Atom in Molecule(QTAIM).Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions are the key interactions in the complexes.The results of MD simulations indicate that the introduction of ILs has a prominent effect on the interaction between the solvent molecules,especially on reducing the number of hydrogen bonds among the solvent molecules.The radial distribution function(RDF)reveals that the interaction between the cation and solvent molecules will increase while the concentration of ILs increases.This paper provides important information for understanding the role of ILs in the separation of the azeotropic system,which is valuable to the development of new entrainers.

Analysis and Numerical Simulation for Tunnelling Through Coal Seam Assisted by Water Jet

Tunnel though coal seam is one of the most difficult tunnels since its risk of coal and gas outburst and the complex geological conditions.According to the directional cutting of water jet and the characteristic of the coal seam and rock mass,this paper presents a new method of tunnelling though coal seam assisted by water jet slotting,which can be divided into improving permeability of coal seam and directional cracking in the rock mass.The mechanism of improving permeability of coal seam was stated,and the crack criterion of rock during blasting was established based on fracture theory.Then,the evolution law of pressure wave and the crack propagation were simulated by FEM software ANSYS/LS-DYNA,the results show that the shape of the crush zone formed by stress wave is different between the normal borehole blasting and the slotted borehole blasting,and the tension is the main factor which let crack propagation.What is more,for normal borehole blasting,the tension concentration occurred along the direction of 45 degrees and let crack expand,while for slotted borehole blasting the tension concentration occurred along the direction of 0 degrees and 90 degrees,and the maximum tension along the direction of 0 degrees is larger than the maximum tension along the direction of 90 degrees,and the main crack expand along the direction of 0 degrees,which prove that the existence of the slot play a good role of orientation for directional cracking.

Influence of Tea Leaf Particle Size on Catechin Extraction and Green Tea Sensory Acceptance

The intensity of the bitterness of catechins increases with increased concentration, but the taste palatability decreased in green tea extract. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a blend of tea leaf particles of various sizes would result in a good balance between catechin content and appreciable taste. The control is common tea (CT) with 6 - 10 mm long leaves. Blend tea (BT) was prepared by mixing 5 mm and 120 - 130 mm long tea leaves in a ratio of 3:2. The catechin content of hot water extracts was analyzed by HPLC, and the sensory test was conducted with 99 volunteers. In BT, the total catechin content was significantly higher than that in CT. The sensory test results revealed that BT was less bitter and had more preferable color than CT. More catechins were extracted from BT, but it tasted less bitter. Thus, the recalibration of the tea leaf particle size can result in good balance between catechin content and palatability.

Dark Forest Algorithm:A Novel Metaheuristic Algorithm for Global Optimization Problems

Metaheuristic algorithms,as effective methods for solving optimization problems,have recently attracted considerable attention in science and engineering fields.They are popular and have broad applications owing to their high efficiency and low complexity.These algorithms are generally based on the behaviors observed in nature,physical sciences,or humans.This study proposes a novel metaheuristic algorithm called dark forest algorithm(DFA),which can yield improved optimization results for global optimization problems.In DFA,the population is divided into four groups:highest civilization,advanced civilization,normal civilization,and low civilization.Each civilization has a unique way of iteration.To verify DFA’s capability,the performance of DFA on 35 well-known benchmark functions is compared with that of six other metaheuristic algorithms,including artificial bee colony algorithm,firefly algorithm,grey wolf optimizer,harmony search algorithm,grasshopper optimization algorithm,and whale optimization algorithm.The results show that DFA provides solutions with improved efficiency for problems with low dimensions and outperforms most other algorithms when solving high dimensional problems.DFAis applied to five engineering projects to demonstrate its applicability.The results show that the performance of DFA is competitive to that of current well-known metaheuristic algorithms.Finally,potential upgrading routes for DFA are proposed as possible future developments.

Highly efficient pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction catalyzed by rapidly reconstructed bimetallic cobalt-molybdenum alloy cuboids arrays

Given the inherent potential of seawater,industrial wastewater,and residential water as inherent feedstocks for hydrogen production through water electrolysis,there is a critical demand for the exploration of robust and stable hydrogen-evolving catalysts that can operate effectively across a diverse range of pH conditions.However,the pursuit of hydrogen-evolving electrocatalysts that demonstrate both good stability and high efficiency over a wide pH range remains a formidable challenge.Here we report the rational design and synthesis of an outstanding nanoporous hybrid electrocatalyst consisting of intermetallic cobalt-molybdenum alloy particles anchoring on MoO2 cuboid arrays,which demands very low overpotentials of 72,123 and 134 mV to deliver a current density of−100 mA·cm^(−2)for hydrogen evolution reaction under alkaline,neutral and acidic conditions,respectively.These catalytic activities are superior to most non-precious-metal-based catalysts documented in the literatures,and are even comparable to noble metal catalysts.In particular,this alloy electrocatalyst exhibits excellent stability at 50 or 300 mA·cm^(−2)without obvious activity degradation,which is further supported by the undetectable changes in the surface chemical valence states on the basis of in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies.This study provides an innovative strategy for the design and synthesis of effective non-noble intermetallic catalysts for pH-universal hydrogen evolution over a wide pH range.

A portable,auxiliary photovoltaic power system for electric vehicles based on a foldable scissors mechanism

In recent years,countries worldwide have actively advocated electric vehicles for environmental protection.How-ever,restrictions on the driving range and charging have hampered the promotion of electric vehicles.This study proposes a portable,auxiliary photovoltaic power system based on a foldable scissors mechanism for electric vehicles.The system includes a photovoltaic power generation module and an electricity transfer module.The photovoltaic power generation module built based on a foldable scissors mechanism is five times smaller than in its unfolded state,improving its portability in its folded state.The electricity transfer module transfers electricity into the cabin via wireless power transfer units and stores electricity in supercapacitors.Solar simulation exper-iments were conducted to evaluate the system’s performance:maximum output power of 1.736 W is measured when the load is 5Ω,while maximum wireless power transfer efficiency is up to 57.7% with 10Ω load.An elec-tric vehicle in Chengdu city was simulated for a case study.The results show that the annual output of a single photovoltaic power system can drive the MINIEV for 423.625 km,indicating that the proposed system would be able to supply power for electric vehicles as an auxiliary power supply system.

Two kinds of ketoprofen enteric gel beads(CA and CS-SA) using biopolymer alginate

To obtain expected rapid-release and sustained-release of ketoprofen gel beads, this paper adopted biopolymer alginate to prepare alginate beads and chitosan-alginate gel beads. Formulation factors were investigated and optimized by the single factor test. The release of ketoprofen from calcium alginate gel beads in pH 1.0 hydrochloric acid solution was less than 10% during 2 h, then in pH6.8 was about 95% during 45 min, which met the requirements of rapid-release preparations. However, the drug release of chitosan-alginate gel beads in pH1.0 was less than 5% during 2 h, then in pH6.8 was about 50% during 6 h and reached more than 95% during 12 h, which had a good sustained-release behavior. In addition, the release kinetics of keteprofen from the calcium alginate gel beads fitted well with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model and followed a case-II transport mechanism. However, the release of keteprofen from the chitosan-alginate gel beads exhibited a non-Fickian mechanism and based on the mixed mechanisms of diffusion and polymer relaxation from chitosanalginate beads. In a word, alginate gel beads of ketoprofen were instant analgesic, while chitosan-alginate gel beads could control the release of ketoprofen during gastrointestinal tract and prolong the drug's action time.

Development prospects of metal-based two-dimensional nanomaterials in lithium-sulfur batteries

A lithium-sulfur(Li-S)system is an important candidate for future lithium-ion system due to its low cost and high specific theoretical capacity(1675 m Ah/g,2600 Wh/kg),which is greatly hindered by the poor conductivity of sulfur,large volume change and dissolution of lithium polysulfides.Two-dimensional(2D)materials with monolayers or few-layers usually have peculiar structures and physical/chemical properties,which can resolve the critical issues in Li-S batteries.Especially,the metal-based 2D nanomaterials,including ferrum,cobalt or other metal-based composites with various anions,can provide high conductivity,large surface area and abundant reaction sites for restraining the diffusion for lithium polysulfides.In this mini-review,we will present an overview of recent developments on metal-based 2D nanomaterials with various anions as the electrode materials for Li-S batteries.Since the main bottleneck for the Li-S system is the shuttle of polysulfides,emphasis is placed on the structure and components,physical/chemical interaction and interaction mechanisms of the 2D materials.Finally,the challenges and prospects of metal-based 2D nanomaterials for Li-S batteries are discussed and proposed.

Synergistic effects of multiple rotors and hydrogen-bond interactions lead to sensitive near-infrared viscosity probes for live-cell microscopy

Changes in cellular viscosity are associated with various physiological processes and pathological conditions.To study these cellular processes and functions,highly sensitive fluorescent probes that detect subtle changes in viscosity are urgently needed but remain lacking.In this study,we present a series of viscosity-responsive near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent probes based on styrene-coated boron dipyrromethene(BODIPY).The probe modified with dimethylaminostyrene and piperazine at the two terminals of the BODIPY scaffold showed extremely high viscosity sensitivity values(x,around 1.54),with excellent performance for detecting viscosity below 20 c P.This outstanding property is attributed to the synergistic effects of multiple rotatable bonds and hydrogen-bond interactions.Additionally,this probe has been successfully deployed to monitor viscosity changes in various cellular compartments(i.e.,cytoplasm)and processes(such as during autophagy).This work provides a rational molecular design strategy to construct fluorescent probes with high viscosity sensitivity for exploring cell functions.

A Critical Review of Single-Crystal LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_(1-x-y)O_(2) Cathode Materials

To meet the range requirements of electric vehicles,the lithium nickel-rich manganese cobalt oxides(nickel-rich LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_(1-x-y)O_(2);x≥0.5 or NMC)material is a promising contender due to its superior energy and power density.Commercial polycrystalline nickel-rich NMC(PC-NMC)materials typically exhibit layered structures in which primary particles aggregate to form secondary particles to increase the contact area density.Thereby increasing the cathode energy density.However,PC-NMC materials present a number of challenges in terms of cycle life and thermal stability,many of which stem from their extensive surface area,including severe surface phase transitions,intergranular microcracks,oxygen evolution,and transition metal dissolution.To address these challenges,single-crystal NMC(SCNMC)materials were introduced,which exhibited higher capacity retention and thermal robustness owing to their unique structures,characterized by lower active surface area and heightened mechanical strength.Nevertheless,SC-NMC materials also had their own problems,including sluggish Li+bulk diffusion kinetics and nonuniform distribution of lattice strain,as well as their complex high-temperature calcination process.This review concentrates on discussing the merits and demerits of SC-NMC over PC-NMC materials and introduces the current research efforts aimed at improving the electrochemical performance of SC-NMC.

静电纺丝在制备高性能锂离子电池负极材料中的应用

大规模储能设备的快速发展对锂离子电池的能量密度提出了更高要求,负极材料作为锂离子电池的重要组成部分,对电池的性能提升起着关键作用。但目前商用电池负极以导电性能良好的石墨类材料为主,其普遍存在能量密度低、倍率性能差等缺点。而新一代硅碳负极尽管可以提升负极比容量,却仍存在多种问题,包括体积膨胀、倍率性能差、循环寿命短等。因此,开发新型负极材料以实现具有更高能量密度、更长循环寿命和更优异倍率特性的锂离子电池十分重要。高电压静电纺丝作为一种制备柔性纳米纤维的常用方法,用其制备柔性负极材料有望提高电池的能量密度并解决其他相关问题,具有极大的发展前景。因此,本文综述了静电纺丝在制备关键锂离子电池负极材料的设计策略和研究进展,包括碳基、钛基、硅基、锡基以及其他金属化合物,并对未来电纺负极材料的发展方向进行了展望。

Catalytic transformation of 4-nitrophenol into 4-aminophenol over ZnO nanowire array-decorated Cu nanoparticles

To realize economical and effective removal of hazardous 4-nitrophenol from the environment,we developed an easily recyclable ZnO nanowire array decorated with Cu nanoparticles.Its salix argyracea-shaped structure not only provides a platform to achieve stable and good dispersion of Cu nanoparticles,but also offers a great deal of catalytically active sites.The density functional theory calculations reveal that ZnO and Cu have a very beneficial synergistic effect on their catalytic capability.This synergy is ascribed to the electronic localization occurring at ZnO/Cu interface,which helps improve Cu nanoparticle’s ability to adsorb electro-negatively 4-nitrophenolate ions and to capture hydrogen radicals,thereby accelerating the hydrogen transfer from metal hydride complex to 4-nitrophenol.Benefiting from these characteristics,it exhibits high efficiency and reusability towards the catalytic reduction of waste 4-nitrophenol to valuable 4-aminophenol with a rate constant of 43.02×10^(-3)s^(-1)and an average conversion of 96.5%in 90 s during 10 cycles.This activity is superior to that of most reported noble-or non-noble-metal powder,bulk,coating,and array catalysts,indicating its competitive advantages in cost and efficiency,as well as enticing application prospects.